最新高中英語語法歸納總結(jié)材料

1、精品文檔高中英語語法總結(jié)第一章 主謂一致(一) 語法一致原則: 即主語為單數(shù),謂語用單數(shù) ,主語為復(fù)數(shù),謂語也用復(fù)數(shù). 以 下為注意事項(xiàng):1. 單數(shù)主語即使后面帶有 with , along with, together with, like(像), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引導(dǎo)的短語, 謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù).如: air as well as water is matter. 空氣和水都是物質(zhì).no one except two

2、servants was late for the dinner.除了兩個(gè)仆人外, 沒有一個(gè)人遲來用餐。2. 用 and 連接的并列主語,如果主語是同一個(gè)人,同一事,同一概念, 謂語動(dòng)詞 用單數(shù), 否則用復(fù)數(shù). 如:the poet and writer has come. 那位詩人兼作家來了.(一個(gè)人)a hammer and a saw are useful tools. 錘子和鋸都是有用的工具. (兩樣物) 用 and 連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)整體, 如:bread and butter(黃油抹 面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。3. 不

3、定式(短語), 動(dòng)名詞(短語), 或從句作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 如: serving the people is my great happiness.為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福.when well go out for an outing has been decided.我們什么時(shí)候出去郊游已決定了。4. 用連接的并列主語被 each, every 或 no 修飾時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都喜 歡去游泳.no teacher and no student was absent f

4、rom the meeting. 沒有老師也沒有 學(xué)生開會(huì)缺席.each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每個(gè)男人和每個(gè)女人都被請(qǐng) 去幫忙。精品文檔5. each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞, 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each, 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 如:each of us has something to say. 我們每個(gè)人都有話要說。6. 若主語中有 more than one 或 many a/an , 盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù), 但它的 謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。但 more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one 做主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù). 如:many a b

5、oy likes playing basketball. 許多男生都喜歡打籃球.more than one student was late. 不只一個(gè)學(xué)生遲到more persons than one come to help us. 不止一個(gè)人來幫助我們。7. none 做主語時(shí) ,謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù) , 也可用復(fù)數(shù) ; 但在代表不可數(shù)的東西 時(shí)總是看作單數(shù),因而謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù). 如:none of us are (is) perfect. 人無完人。none of this worries me. 這事一點(diǎn)不使我著急。8. 名詞如: trousers, scissors, clothes

6、, goods, glasses 等作主語時(shí), 謂 語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù). 如:his clothes are good. 但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn) a pair of , 謂語一般用單數(shù) . 如:a pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼鏡。9. 形復(fù)意單名詞如:news ; 以 ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如: physics, mathematics, economics; 國名如: the united states; 報(bào)紙名如: the new times; 書名如: arabian night ; 以及 the united nations 等作主語時(shí), 謂語

7、動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。10. “a +名詞+and a half “, “one and a half + 名詞”, “the number of + 名詞” 等作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù). 如:only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語, 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如:one or two places have been visited. 參觀了一兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)。(二) 內(nèi)容一致原則:1.主語中有 all, half, most, the rest 等, 以及”分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”做主精品文檔語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞

8、單復(fù)數(shù)取決于連用的名詞.如:the rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行車， 今天出售。 60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 這個(gè)蘋果的 60%都被這個(gè)小男 孩吃了。most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的蘋果都是爛的。most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 這個(gè)蘋果的大部分被老鼠吃了。 2. 不定數(shù)量的詞組, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty

9、 of 等作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于量詞后面名詞的數(shù).如: a part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科書已運(yùn)到。a part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 這個(gè)蘋果的一部分被 豬吃光了。3. 加減乘除用單數(shù).如:fifteen minus five is ten . 15 減去 5 等于 10。4. 表示時(shí)間, 金錢, 距離, 度量等的名詞做主語時(shí), 盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式, 它們做 為一個(gè)單一的概念時(shí), 其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).如:ten miles is a good distance. 十英里

10、是一個(gè)相當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x。5. (1) 通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞. 包括 police , people, cattle 等, 這些集體 名詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù).如:the british police have only very limited powers.(2) 通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞 . 包括 equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.1. 由 here, there, where 等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中, (有時(shí)主語不止一個(gè)時(shí))謂語動(dòng) 詞與靠近它的主語在數(shù)上一致.如:here comes the bus 公共汽車來了.here is a pen and som

11、e pieces of paper for you. 給你一支鋼筆和幾張紙。 where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?你不在這兒的時(shí)候, 你愛人和孩子在哪兒呆呢？2. 用連詞 or, either. or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等連接 的并列主語, 謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語在數(shù)上一致。 如：neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 學(xué)生和老 師都不知道這事.he or you have taken

12、my pen. 他或你拿了我的鋼筆。注意: one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句中, 定語從句的動(dòng)詞 為復(fù)數(shù)。如：mary is one of those people who keep pets. 瑪麗是飼養(yǎng)寵物者之一。the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ who/that./which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，定語從句 的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)。mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 瑪麗是唯一一個(gè)飼 養(yǎng)寵物的人。第二章：非謂語動(dòng)詞不定式（infinitive）、分詞（participle）、動(dòng)名詞

13、（gerund）是非謂語動(dòng)詞， 在句子中不能作謂語。以下表格列出了他們各自在句中的作用。（表示可以在 句中擔(dān)任的語法成分，則表示不可以。）(3) 可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞. 包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等.如:the committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委員會(huì)決定解雇他。種類作用主語賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語表語定語狀語6. the +形容詞/過去分詞形式”表示一類人或事物, 作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)不定式 動(dòng)名詞 數(shù).如:分

14、詞 the injured were saved after the fire. (三) 就近原則精品文檔非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中的特點(diǎn)、性質(zhì)、用法、區(qū)別及使用注意事項(xiàng)分述如下： 第一節(jié)、非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語可作主語的非謂語形式為：不定式和動(dòng)名詞。其表達(dá)形式為：精品文檔不定式：主動(dòng)態(tài) to do; 被動(dòng)態(tài) to be done; 動(dòng)名詞：主動(dòng)態(tài) doing; 被動(dòng)態(tài) being done。例 1：to act like that is foolish.例 2：it is impossible for me to buy the car with cash. 要我用現(xiàn)金買 那輛車是不可能的。例 3：walk

15、ing is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 例 4： what made you so late for work today ? driving to the office was very slow this morning because of heavy traffic.因?yàn)榻煌〒頂D，今早開車上班非常慢。一般說來，動(dòng)名詞和不定式作主語，可以互換，其意義沒有多大差別，但須 注意以下兩點(diǎn)：1表示具體的，尤其是未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，傾向用不定式（如例 2）。表示無時(shí)限的泛指動(dòng)作（如例 3）或描述當(dāng)時(shí)的情況（如例 4），傾向用動(dòng)名詞。

16、2在下列句型用動(dòng)名詞作主語it is no good doing.（沒有用）there is no doing. （不可能）it is no good arguing with him. 和他爭論沒有用。there is no knowing what may happen. = it is impossible to know what may happen.練習(xí) 1（改錯(cuò)）as is known, learn a foreign language well requires great efforts.2 （改錯(cuò)）though flying balloons are easy, ballo

17、onists must watch the weather carefully.3 （選擇）_ to sunlight for too much will do harm to ones skin.a. exposed to b. exposing c. having exposed d. being exposed句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，待選項(xiàng)在句中作主語，又因?yàn)槿伺c expose 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 所以選 d。第二節(jié)、非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語可作表語的非謂語動(dòng)詞為：不定式，動(dòng)名詞。1your task this morning is to deliver the mail to professor smith.

18、你 今天上午的任務(wù)是把這個(gè)郵件送給史密斯教授。（不定式解釋主語內(nèi)容） 2my hobby is collecting stamps. （動(dòng)名詞解釋主語內(nèi)容）練習(xí) 1. the purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _it more difficult.（99 全國）a. not make b. not to make c. not making d. do not make2.分析句子是否正確: what we do is prepare our students to face fierce competitions when

19、 they enter society.答案 1、b。is 后有兩個(gè)表語，兩者必須在結(jié)構(gòu)上對(duì)稱。第一個(gè)表語為不定式to make life easier，則第二個(gè)表語也應(yīng)該為不定式，所以選 b。2、正確。當(dāng)主語部分有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 do 時(shí)，作表語的不定式可以省略 to; 若 沒有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 do,表語中 to 不能省略。第三節(jié)、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語可作賓語的非謂語動(dòng)詞為：不定式和動(dòng)名詞。1不定式作賓語例 1he demanded to know the truth.例 2the car failed to stop at the red light.那輛轎車看到紅燈沒有停。 英語中有相當(dāng)數(shù)量的動(dòng)詞，只能

20、以不定式作賓語。如： agree（同意），decide, refuse, pretend（假裝），manage（設(shè)法），promise, seem, happen, hope, wish, offer to do（表示愿望）afford to do（買得起，承擔(dān)得起），bother todo（特 意），choose to do（愿意或決定） attempt / seek to do（試圖） learn to do （學(xué)習(xí)或?qū)W會(huì)）答案 1learn learning原形動(dòng)詞不能作主語。短語 would like（love）to do，would prefer to do（更愿意），be abou

21、t to2are is 單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。do（即將）,介詞 but / except to do3.答案 d。句義：遭太陽暴曬對(duì)皮膚有害。本題考查動(dòng)名詞作主語。分析 精品文檔例 1）i have no choice but to give up the plan.精品文檔2）there was nothing we could do except wait.注：but / except 前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 do, 其后 to 必須省去請(qǐng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1）疑問代詞如 what，which；疑問副詞如 when, whether（why 除外）引導(dǎo)的不 定式可作 know, decide

22、等的賓語，在意義上相當(dāng)與一個(gè)未曾發(fā)生的賓語從 句。例 1we havent decided what steps to take next. we havent decided what steps we should take next.2i really dont know whether to write to her or give her a phone call. i really dont know whether i should write to her or give her a phone call.這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以作主語和表語例 1what to do next rema

23、ins to be discussed. 下一步該怎么辦有待于討 論。例 2our difficulty is where to get enough money.2）為了避免重復(fù)，不定式可省去與前邊重復(fù)的動(dòng)詞原形，而保留“to”。例： would you like to go for a picnic with me ? id love to, but i cant spare any time at present.（to 后 省略了 go for a picnic with you）3）不定式的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)：成時(shí)) done不定式的進(jìn)行時(shí)和完成時(shí)常用在下列句型中： seem / appea

24、r（似乎）to happen（碰巧）to pretend to be said（據(jù)說）to be reported（據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)） tobe thought / supposed / considered/ believed（據(jù)認(rèn)為）to be known（知 道）to請(qǐng)注意：考查不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，主要集中在以上句型中，是高考的重點(diǎn) 和熱點(diǎn)。i happened to be standing next to him when he fell down.the bank is reported in the local newspaper to have been robbed in broad d

25、aylightyesterday. 據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙指導(dǎo)，這家銀行昨天在光天化日之下遭到搶劫。he is known to have been arrested by the police.人們都知道他曾被警察 逮捕過。4）was / were to have done ；would like to have donewished（hoped / wanted / intended / meant）to have done表示當(dāng)時(shí)想做，而實(shí)際不能做到i was to have picked you up at the airport, but i forgot about it. i intende

26、d to have helped you out but i had no money then.我當(dāng)時(shí)真 想幫助擺脫困境，可是我那時(shí)身無分文。主動(dòng) 語 態(tài)被 動(dòng) 語 態(tài)形式時(shí) 間 概 念形 式時(shí)間概念2動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語to do (一般時(shí))to be doing (進(jìn) 行時(shí))1）未發(fā)生 2）和謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，正在進(jìn)行to be done同 左i cant imagine marrying a girl of that sort. 我很難想象與那種女子結(jié) 婚后的情形。i narrowly missed being killed in the car accident.在那次

27、車禍中我死里 逃生。to have done (完發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前 to have been同 左he admitted having stolen my bicycle. 他承認(rèn)偷了我的自行車。there is no point in arguing any further.再爭議下去毫無意義。精品文檔精品文檔1）下列動(dòng)詞必須帶動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語：understand（理解），admit（承認(rèn)），keep（on）（繼續(xù)），practise（練習(xí)）， finish（完成），imagine（想象），miss（錯(cuò)過，避免），avoid（避免），escape （逃避），suggest（建議），dis

28、like（討厭），enjoy（喜歡），delay（推遲）， excuse（原諒），mind（介意），appreciate（感激），oppose（反對(duì)）。另外，有的詞既可帶動(dòng)名詞做賓語，亦可帶不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語，請(qǐng)區(qū)別清楚。 如： allow doing（比較：allow sb. to do） advise doing（比較：advise sb. to do）2）下列短語必須帶動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語：be worth（值得），pay attention to（注意），object to（反對(duì)），cant help（不自禁），devote oneself to（致力于），put off（推遲），be /

29、 get used to（習(xí)慣于），feel like（想要），look forward to（盼望），get down to（開始做，認(rèn)真做某事），how / what about（怎么樣），there is no point (in) doing sth (做某事毫無意義)3 下列動(dòng)詞可以用不定式作賓語，也可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但有明顯的語義差別。 remember doing 回憶起過去做過的事remember to do 記住要做的事forget doing 忘記了曾做過的事forget to do 忘記該做的事regret doing 對(duì)已發(fā)生的事表示后悔我一直為賣掉這個(gè)農(nóng)場而后悔不已

30、。we regret to tell you that you owe the bank &100. 我們很遺憾地 告訴你，你欠銀行 100 英鎊。第四節(jié)、非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語作狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞為：分詞和不定式1現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別1）現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，譯為“令人”；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，譯為“感到這” 是兩者最重要的區(qū)別the weather of this summer is disappointing.my parents will be disappointed with me if i fail the exam.描述事物或事情的性質(zhì)一般用現(xiàn)在分詞。描述人的情感一般用過去分詞。i don

31、t think it surprising for such a bad man to have been punished. （it 指“象這樣的壞人受到懲罰”這件事）there was a surprised expression in her eyes.她的眼里流露出驚訝的神 情。（人的表情是情感的具體表現(xiàn)，故應(yīng)用過去分詞來修飾 expression）2）現(xiàn)在分詞通常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞通常表示動(dòng)作已完成。power stations employ falling water to produce electricity.the ground is covered with fal

32、len leaves.2現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)regret to do 對(duì)現(xiàn)在要發(fā)生的事表示抱歉 mean doing 意味著，意思是形 式主 動(dòng) 語 態(tài)時(shí) 間 概 念形被式動(dòng) 語 態(tài)時(shí) 間 概 念mean to do 打算，想要 try doing 試一試某種方法 try to do 設(shè)法去做一件事doing1） 正在進(jìn)行2） 與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)being done動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行比較 1i dont mean to give up the plan. 我不打算放棄這個(gè)計(jì)劃。having done分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前 having been done同左a break down on our w

33、ay would mean our walking for hours. 汽車 半路拋錨意味著我們要步行幾個(gè)小時(shí)。比較 2i have always deeply regretted selling（having sold）the farm. 精品文檔3分詞表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨或補(bǔ)充說明等 a）分詞做時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步狀語的表達(dá)形式如下：doing done精品文檔having done s（主語）+ v having been done s（主語）+ v（主動(dòng)關(guān)系） （被動(dòng)關(guān)系）not understanding its meaning, he asked the teach

34、er to explain the word. （表原因：understanding 與句子主語 he 之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，同謂語動(dòng)詞 asked 同時(shí)發(fā)生）having made a decision, they immediately set out to work.（表時(shí)間：make a decision 與句子主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系且發(fā)生于謂語動(dòng)詞 set out 之前） having been experimented many times, this new product will be put into mass production. 由于這一新產(chǎn)品已實(shí)驗(yàn)過多次，不久將投入批量生產(chǎn)。

35、（表原 因：experimented 與主語 product 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且先于謂語動(dòng)詞 put 之前發(fā)生） 詞作上述狀語時(shí)，它的位置可置于主句之前，也可置于主語之后。例：they, having made a decision, set out to work.選擇：the research is so designed that once_nothing can be done to change it.（02 全國） a. begins b. having begun c. beginningd. begun本題考查狀語從句的省略，難度較大。若時(shí)間、原因、條件和讓步狀語從句的主 語與主句

36、主語相同，且從句部分有 be 時(shí)，可省略從句主語及 be。省略后的形式 如下：(1) when（while, until, once, as, if, though 等）+ doing 從句謂語動(dòng)詞 與主語為主動(dòng)關(guān)系（2) when（while, until, once, as, if, though等）+ done 從句謂語動(dòng)詞與 主語為被動(dòng)關(guān)系表示“某一事件的開始”，begin 既可用主動(dòng)態(tài)，也可以用被動(dòng)態(tài)。狀語從句表 達(dá)形式：（1）once it beings。這種形式，不具備省略條件。（2）once it is begun。具備省略條件（有 be）。省略后的形式為：once begun

37、。 所以本題選 d。b）分詞作伴隨狀語時(shí), 其形式為：（1）doing（2）done。究竟用現(xiàn)在分詞還是 過去分詞，取決于該動(dòng)作與句子主語是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系精品文檔“we cant going out in this weather,” said bob, looking out of the window. （04 重慶）the boy sat in the dark room, frightened and trembling. 男孩一個(gè)人做 在黑洞洞的房間里，嚇得渾身發(fā)抖。注意：作伴隨狀語的分詞，與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)。這是判斷一個(gè)動(dòng)詞是否作伴隨狀 語的主要尺度。請(qǐng)注意下列固定短語在作狀語時(shí)的表

38、達(dá)形式： generally speaking 一般地說 strictly speaking 從嚴(yán)格意義上說 judging from / by 根據(jù)判斷 given / allowing for 考慮到 given their inexperience, they have done a good job. 在缺少經(jīng)驗(yàn)的 情況下，他們的工作算是做得不錯(cuò)。4不定式用作表目的，結(jié)果，方式和形容詞原因狀語1）目的to win over the undecided voters, they are working twice as hard. 為了把尚未拿定主意的選民爭取過來，他們正在加倍努力工作。

39、he got up early not to miss the first bus.（not to 也可用 so as not to 或 in order not to 這一強(qiáng)調(diào)形式）2）結(jié)果不定式作結(jié)果狀語，常見結(jié)構(gòu)有：too adj / adv to do ; too adj + a + n to doso adj / adv as to do ; such + n as to dothe boy is too young to dress himself.he was too shrewd（精明的）a businessman to accept our offer.他是個(gè)非常精明的商人，

40、不會(huì)接受我們的開價(jià)。will you be so kind as to turn down the radio 請(qǐng)?把收音機(jī)開小一點(diǎn)。 he cant have done such a terrible thing as to keep you waiting solong.他不可能做出這樣糟糕的事，讓你等這么長的時(shí)間。注意：表示一種事先沒有預(yù)料的結(jié)果，用不定式。不定式前可用 only 來加強(qiáng) 意想不到的語氣。如： (04 福建卷 )the news reporters hurried to the 精品文檔airport ,only to be told the film stars had

41、 left.然而，要表示在事請(qǐng)?zhí)貏e記住下列動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)形式，表達(dá)的意義及判斷的依據(jù)。情發(fā)展過程中必然會(huì)產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，就要用分詞來表達(dá)。分詞前可加 thus, 加1 make（使）+ o + c + do賓語與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。強(qiáng)必然的語氣。the new machine will work twice as fast, thus greatly reducing costs. 新機(jī)器的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)速度提高一倍，因而大大降低了成本。3）方式狀語結(jié)構(gòu)： s（人，物）be + adj to do特點(diǎn)（1）句子的主語在邏輯關(guān)系上為不定式動(dòng)作的賓語（2）形容詞為：easy, hard, difficult, co

42、mfortable, dangerous 等。1.some books are interesting to read, but boring to learn.有些書讀起來很有趣，但學(xué)起來很討厭。2.the telephone number is easy to remember. 他的電話號(hào)碼很難記。 3.that man is difficult to deal with. 那個(gè)人很難對(duì)付。4.the river is dangerous to swim in.注意：以上句子，盡管句子的主語和不定式動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但只能用主要 形式；若不定式動(dòng)詞為不及物，應(yīng)加上適當(dāng)介詞，如例 4。4）形

43、容詞原因狀語。這類形容詞通常是表示情感或評(píng)價(jià)行為表現(xiàn)的形容詞。 i am shocked to hear the news of his sudden death.you were silly not to have locked your car. (04 湖南)第五節(jié)、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語作賓語補(bǔ)足語的非謂語動(dòng)詞是不定式和分詞。英語中有相當(dāng)一批動(dòng)詞必須以不定式作賓語補(bǔ)充語。done 賓語與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。s + be made to do 主語與不定式動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。done 主語與分詞動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。注：句型“o”代表賓語，為名詞或代詞；“c”代表賓補(bǔ)。例：those who wo

44、nt work should be made to work. 那些不愿工作的人 應(yīng)強(qiáng)制他們?nèi)スぷ鳌e couldnt make himself heard. 他無法讓別人聽到他說的話。2keep（leave）+ o + c doing 賓語與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。（使處于某種狀態(tài)）done 賓語與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。s + be + kept（left） doing 主語與分詞動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。done 主語與分詞動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。例：now students are kept burying themselves in books all day. 現(xiàn)在的學(xué)生被迫整天埋頭讀書。his work

45、 was left undone. 他丟下工作不去干。3 find（發(fā)現(xiàn)）+ o + c doing 賓語與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。done 賓語與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。s + be +found doing 主語與分詞動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。done 主語與分詞動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。例：（03 全國）a cook will be immediately fired ifhe is found smoking in the kitchen.my parents dont allow me to stay out late.she waited impatiently for him to make up his

46、mind.4 doing with + o + c done賓語與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系 賓語與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系這些動(dòng)詞和短語為：wish, want, ask, require / request（要求）；order, warn（警告） allow / permit, forbid（禁止）, expect, remind（提醒），encourage, inspire（激 勵(lì)）call on（號(hào)召，要求）， depend on, long for sb. to do （渴望）精品文檔to do（動(dòng)作未發(fā)生）例：1.he lay on the grassland with his jacketco

47、vering his stomach. 他躺在草地上，把上衣蓋在肚子上。2.with a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. （02 上海春季）由于很多棘手的問題精品文檔要解決，那為新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)處境艱難。5catch sb. doing ; be caught doing該句型表示（偶然或突然）撞見、發(fā)現(xiàn)。例：he looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a pa

48、ssenger. （04 北京春季）他向四周看，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)人把手 伸進(jìn)一個(gè)旅客的口袋6 do 賓語與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。讓某人做某事。have（使）+ o + c doing 賓語與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。讓某一動(dòng)作一直進(jìn)行。done 賓語與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。(表示：1)讓某事由別人做。2)表達(dá)主語的遭遇。）例: 1.whom would you like to have handle the complication problem? 2. paul had his hand burned seriously while cooking dinner.保羅在做飯時(shí)，手被嚴(yán)重燙傷。7. get

49、+ o + c to do賓語與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。get sb to do = have sb. do。done 賓語與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。get sth done = have sth.done。例：youll never get her to agree.when are going to get your hair cut ?8感官動(dòng)詞 hear, listen to, see, look at, notice, watch, observe, feel 等。do 賓語與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。該動(dòng)作全過程已結(jié)束，或經(jīng)常done 主語與分詞動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。例：he has never he

50、ard her sing so well before.i didnt notice you carrying a pack when you came in.never before had he felt himself so powerfully attracted to the scientific idea.改錯(cuò)：1）now more talented young people are hoped to go to work in western china.a b c d2）i demand you all to take your work quite seriously.a b

51、 c d3）his appearance immediately made all the children becoming excited.a b c d4）this song has never been heard to be sung so well.a b c d5）with much work remained to be done, we have to put off the trip until next week.a b c d答案：1）b 錯(cuò) are hoped are wished hope sb. to do 典型病句 2）b 錯(cuò) to take （should）t

52、akedemand 句型：1）demand to do 2）demand that (should)do 3）c 錯(cuò) becoming become 現(xiàn)在分詞 doing 不能做 make 的賓補(bǔ)。hear + o + c性發(fā)生doing 賓語與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。 done 賓語與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。to do 主語與不定式動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。該動(dòng)作全過程已結(jié)束或經(jīng)4） c 錯(cuò) to be sung sung5） b 錯(cuò) remained remaining。 remain “剩下”是不及物動(dòng)詞， 只有主動(dòng)形式。注意：以上動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)形式的考查是高考的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。第六節(jié)、非謂語動(dòng)詞

53、作定語s + be +heard常發(fā)生1不定式作定語doing 主語與分詞動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。在三種情況下需用不定式作定語：精品文檔精品文檔1） 動(dòng)作未發(fā)生，被修飾的名詞在邏輯關(guān)系上是不定式動(dòng)作的賓語。不定式 用主動(dòng)形式還是被動(dòng)形式，由句子的主語與不定式的邏輯關(guān)系決定。it seems to me that i have nothing to take home to my children.在我看來今天我們沒有東西可以帶給孩子了she will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role to play

54、 in making the earth a better place to live（03 上海春季） 她會(huì)告訴我們?yōu)槭裁此龔?qiáng)烈地認(rèn)為在使地球成為更好住處這一點(diǎn)上，我們每 個(gè)人都有可以發(fā)揮的作用。若作定語的不定式動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，需加適合介詞。如：now i feel very lonely because i cant find anyone to talk with. 2）被修飾的詞為抽象名詞，如 need, way, reason, right 等，不定式解釋 其內(nèi)容。there is no need to quarrel with him.please give your reaso

55、n to refuse him.3）被修飾的詞，其前有序數(shù)詞 first, second, last, only 作定語。he is always the first（one）to get to school every day.she was the only one to survive in the air crash.她是這次空難中唯 一的幸存者。2分詞作定語以下情況常用分詞作定語：1）被修飾名詞與作定語的動(dòng)詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，或與謂語動(dòng)作 同時(shí)進(jìn)行，或是經(jīng)常性行為時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞。when i got back home i saw a message pinned to the door reading“sorry to miss you; will call later.”（99 全國）現(xiàn)在分詞作定語在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)為進(jìn)行時(shí)或一般時(shí)的定語從句。 reading“sorry to miss you; will call later.”= which read “sorry to miss you; will call later.”2）若被修飾的名詞與作定語的動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞采用以下三種形式：a）動(dòng)作已發(fā)生或?yàn)榻?jīng)常性行為，用 done。精品文檔b） 若動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行用 being done。c） 動(dòng)作未發(fā)生，用 to