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1、3M China 危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志使用指南Introduction 簡(jiǎn)介Hazard warning labels are an important part of the health and safety controls provided on equipment to warn personnel of potential hazards associated with the equipment.Hazard warning labels should be used when hazards have not been eliminated from equipment through
2、 other means (e.g., a complete enclosure of the hazard to prevent exposure) andthe potential for exposure to the hazards is still present. This applies both to hazards which can be present at all times during normal operating conditions and hazards which may be present only during specific condition
3、s. Hazard warning labels should be used for the variety of hazards that can be present in equipment including the following:? Electrical? Moving parts? Chemical? Hot surfaces? Non-ionizing radiation? Lasers 危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志是設(shè)備所能提供的健康及安全控制措施的重要組成部分之一,它能警告人們與設(shè)備伴隨的潛在隱患。 危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)用于通過(guò)其他手段不能完全消除設(shè)備隱患, 并且仍存在有接觸 這些隱患的可
4、能的情況下。 這包括這些隱患會(huì)在整個(gè)正常操作條件下出現(xiàn)以及只會(huì)在特定條件下 出現(xiàn)兩種情況。 危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)用于下列會(huì)在設(shè)備中存在的不同隱患:電移動(dòng)部件化學(xué)品高溫表面非電離輻射激光The selection of the specific labels to be used will depend on the types of hazards present in the equipment.應(yīng)根據(jù)出現(xiàn)在設(shè)備中的隱患的種類(lèi)來(lái)選擇所應(yīng)采用的危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志的類(lèi)型。This guide will address four basic issues related to the use of hazar
5、d warninglabels: 本指南將說(shuō)明使用危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志的四個(gè)基本問(wèn)題:When are labels required?什么時(shí)候需要使用危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志?Where should the labels be placed? 危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)放在什么地方? What format is required? 需要使用什么樣的格式? Examples of Warning Labels 危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志例When are Labels Required? 什么時(shí)候需要使用危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志? In general, labels are not an acceptable substitute for re
6、moving or controlling the hazard to safe levels with engineering controls. Labels should be provided as an additional warning when exposure to a hazard is possible during operations, maintenance or service, or other uses of the equipment. As an example, if a maintenance task requires removing a guar
7、d which provides protection against moving parts, the guard should be labeled because of the potential for injury from the moving parts. In this case, the hazard is only present when the guard is removed. If a hazard is present at all times during normal operating conditions, the portion of the equi
8、pment where the hazard is present should be labeled.總體而言,在消除或控制隱患的安全水平方面, 危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志并不是工程控制的一種可接受的 替代品。 危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)用于在操作、 維修、 維護(hù)或其他使用設(shè)備過(guò)程中可能會(huì)接觸隱患的一種 附加的警告。例如, 如果一項(xiàng)維修任務(wù)需要移開(kāi)一個(gè)安全防護(hù)罩,而這個(gè)安全防護(hù)罩會(huì)保護(hù)某 一移動(dòng)部件, 那么這個(gè)安全防護(hù)罩就應(yīng)該加上危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志, 因?yàn)檫@一移動(dòng)部件可能會(huì)造成傷害。 在這個(gè)例子中, 隱患只是在安全防護(hù)罩被移開(kāi)以后才會(huì)出現(xiàn)。 如果某一隱患在正常操作過(guò)程中會(huì) 一直存在的話,存在隱患的設(shè)備部分就應(yīng)該予以標(biāo)示。W
9、here Should Labels Be Placed? 危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)放在什么地方?If a guard or barrier is used to provide protection against a hazard, the labels should be placed on the barrier, guard, cover or part that must be opened or removed to gain access to the hazard. If there are several layers of barriers (e.g., outer skin an
10、d interior guard), the label should be placed on the last barrier to be removed before reaching the hazardous area.Some examples of this are listed below:? Electrical panel access cover or door. The label should be placed on the panel cover or door which would allow exposure to electrical hazards wh
11、en opened,? A guard over a moving parts hazard. The label should be placed on the last guard or cover which must be removed in order to access the moving parts,如果某一防護(hù)罩或柵欄用于保護(hù)某一危險(xiǎn), 危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志就應(yīng)該放在這些必須打開(kāi)或移開(kāi)后才會(huì) 接觸到隱患的柵欄、防護(hù)罩或部件上。如果柵欄有幾層(例如外殼和部防護(hù)罩) ,危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志 應(yīng)放置在接觸到危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域之前所應(yīng)移開(kāi)的最后一層?xùn)艡谏稀R韵率且恍┻@樣的例子: 配電盤(pán)蓋板或門(mén)。危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志
12、應(yīng)放在打開(kāi)后就會(huì)導(dǎo)致接觸電能危險(xiǎn)的蓋板或門(mén)上。 某一移動(dòng)部件上的防護(hù)罩。危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)放在接觸到移動(dòng)部件之前必須移開(kāi)的隨后一層 防護(hù)罩或蓋板上。Where equipment contains hazardous or potentially hazardous materials (e.g. chemicals, lasers, X-ray sources, a warning label should be placed on the outside of the equipment to indicate the hazard(s) contained within. 如果設(shè)備貯存有危險(xiǎn)
13、的或潛在危險(xiǎn)的物質(zhì)(例如:化學(xué)品、激光、 X 射線),危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)放 在設(shè)備的外表面以注明所存在的隱患。The label should be placed on the equipment where it is most likely to be noticed by personnel who will be working with the equipment and could be exposed to the hazard.This should take into account the following: 危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)防止在設(shè)備上最容易被使用該設(shè)備并可能會(huì)接觸隱患的人注
14、意的地方。 這需要從 以下幾個(gè)方面考慮:? Direction from which personnel will approach the area of the equipment where the hazard is present. If access is only possible from the rear of the equipment, the label should be placed on the rear of the equipment where personnel will work or access the equipment,? 人接近設(shè)備危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域部位
15、的方向。 如果人只能從設(shè)備的后面接近設(shè)備, 那么危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志就 應(yīng)放在設(shè)備后面人進(jìn)行操作或接近設(shè)備的地方。? Posture of the person when removing the guard or performing tasks that involve the potential for exposure. If a task requires that a person sit on the ground in order to remove a guard or cover, the label should be placed on the guard or cover w
16、here it would be easily seen when sitting on the ground or when approaching the equipment for this task.? 人移開(kāi)防護(hù)罩或進(jìn)行可能接觸隱患操作時(shí)的姿勢(shì)。 如果某一任務(wù)需要人坐在地上來(lái)移開(kāi)防護(hù) 罩或蓋板,危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志就應(yīng)放在人坐在地上時(shí)容易看見(jiàn)的地方。If the hazard is present in the equipment at all times during normal operating conditions, the label should be placed in an
17、 area where it can easily be seen by personnel working with the equipment and near the location of the hazard. This should take into account the location where personnel will be when working with the equipment. Thus, if the hazard can be accessed from both front and back, labels will be needed for b
18、oth the front and rear of the equipment.如果某一隱患會(huì)在設(shè)備的正常操作過(guò)程中一直存在, 危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志就應(yīng)該放在危險(xiǎn)源附近并容易 被操作人員看見(jiàn)的地方。 這需要考慮操作設(shè)備時(shí)人的位置。 因此, 如果某一隱患從設(shè)備的前面和 后面都可以接觸到,那么設(shè)備的前面和后面就都應(yīng)該有危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志。What Format is Required? 需要什么樣的格式?The basic format requires three levels of information and formatting:? A pictogram / graphic showing what
19、 the hazard is,? A signal word (Danger, Warning, Caution) based upon the hazard level,? Text describing the hazard, the potential hazardous outcome and the precautions to avoid the hazard所有危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志的基本格式至少應(yīng)包括以下三個(gè)層次的信息和格式: 一個(gè)能表明隱患是什么的象形圖一個(gè)表明隱患級(jí)別的信號(hào)文字(危險(xiǎn)、警告、注意) 一段描述隱患、潛在的危險(xiǎn)后果以及避免危險(xiǎn)的防措施的文字。The definitions
20、 of the signal words are summarized below:CAUTION:The hazard may result in minor or moderate injury.WARNING:A potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.DANGER:An imminent hazard which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.以下總結(jié)了信號(hào)
21、文字的定義: 注意:隱患可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致較小的或中等的傷害。 警告:如果不預(yù)防,可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致死亡或嚴(yán)重傷害的危險(xiǎn)情況。 危險(xiǎn):如果不預(yù)防,肯定回導(dǎo)致死亡或嚴(yán)重傷害的隱患。As an example, the format for an electrical hazard warning label would be the following: ? Pictogram:Picture of electrical symbol? Signal Word Warning? Text:Hazardous VoltageContact May Cause Electric Shock or Burn Tu
22、rn off and lock out system before servicing例如,一個(gè)電能隱患的危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)包括以下容:象形圖:電力標(biāo)志的圖形信號(hào)文字:警告文字:危險(xiǎn)高壓直接接觸或?qū)е码姄艋蜃苽S護(hù)前應(yīng)關(guān)閉并鎖閉系統(tǒng)Hazardous warning labels format: 危害警告標(biāo)志格式:信號(hào)文字Signal words文本Text象形圖PictogramSize 尺寸:Large 大250mm*392mmMedium 中200mm*313mmSmall 小150mm*235mmExamples of Warning Labels 危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志例For example:
23、例如:易燃化學(xué)品存儲(chǔ)區(qū)域禁止煙火Flammable chemical storage areaNo burning高壓危險(xiǎn) 有觸電和起火危險(xiǎn) 操作前關(guān)閉并鎖定系統(tǒng)電源 Hazardous voltage Risk of electric shock or burn Turn off and lock out system power before servicing移動(dòng)部件會(huì)造成壓傷和割傷 與手保持距離 禁止移開(kāi)防護(hù)罩進(jìn)行操作 Moving parts can crush and cut Keep hands clear Do NOT operate with guard removedSig
24、nal words 信號(hào)文字Pictogram 象形圖Fire Protection消防類(lèi)消防水帶消防手動(dòng)啟動(dòng)器發(fā)聲警報(bào)器滅火器Fire extinguisher alarmFire hose Manual activating device Fire滅火設(shè)備消防梯Break to obtain accessFire-fighting equipment Fire ladderProhibition 禁止類(lèi)禁止用水滅火禁止吸煙禁止煙火No watering to put out the fire No smokingNo burning禁止帶火種No matches禁止鎖閉禁止放易燃物禁止飲用
25、禁止阻塞No obstructing drinkingNo locking No flammable materials No禁止穿化纖服禁止啟動(dòng)禁止合閘禁止戴手套No putting on gloves No putting on switching onchemical fibre clothingsNo starting No禁止轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)禁止攀登禁止停留禁止觸摸No turningNo touching No climbingNo stopping禁止通行 禁止鏟車(chē)通行 禁止入禁止使用移動(dòng)No thoroughfare phoneNo forklift No entryNo mobile禁止靠近 No nearing禁止乘人禁止拍照禁止鳴笛No ridingNo taking pictures NotrumpingWarning 警告類(lèi)當(dāng)心鏟車(chē)當(dāng)心觸電
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