初中英語語法梳理和提高8數(shù)詞講解例題解析解讀

1、初中英語語法梳理和提高 8數(shù)詞講解例題解析數(shù) 詞 英語數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目或者順序， 可分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)詞表示數(shù)量，序數(shù)詞表示順序。知識梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點和難點！ 一、基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成 11-12的基數(shù)詞是獨立的單詞，即： one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight， nine，ten，eleven，twelve。 213-19的基數(shù)詞以-teen結(jié)尾。如： fourteen，seventeen等，但13，15，18較特殊， 13-thirteen 15-fifteen 18-eighteen。 320-90的整十位均以-ty結(jié)尾。如： sixty，nin

2、ety，但20，30，40，50，80較特殊， 20-twenty 30-thirty 40-forty 50-fifty 80-eighty。 4十位數(shù)與個位數(shù)之間要加連字符號-，如：28-twenty-eight，96-ninety-six。 5百位和十位（若無十位則和個位）之間加and，如：148-one hundred and forty-eight 406-four hundred and six。 6hundred（百），thousand（千），million（百萬），billion（十億）等前面即使有具體的數(shù)詞，也不能在它們的后面加s。如：600-six hundred，8百萬-

3、eight million。 71000以上的數(shù)字，從后往前數(shù)每三位加一個逗號，第一個逗號前為千（thousand），第二個逗號前為百萬（million），第三個逗號前為billion（十億）。英語中無萬這個詞，我們可以用幾十個千（thousand）表示幾萬，幾百個千（thousand）表示幾十萬。如：2，510two thousand five hundred and ten；84，296eight-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six；274，350two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundr

4、ed and fifty。 二、序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞一般是以與之相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞尾加-th構(gòu)成，例如 fourth, tenth,但以下的這些基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時， 有特別之處。1.one- first, two - second, three - third, five - fifth, nice - ninth, twelve - twelfth2. 以ty 結(jié)尾的單詞， 要先變y為I, 在加-eth. 例如：thirty -thirtieth, fifty -fiftieth3. 以one, two, three 等結(jié)尾的多位數(shù)詞， 要將各位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞。 例如： twenty-one - tw

5、enty-first, one hundred and one - one hundred and first 注意： 序數(shù)詞前常用定冠詞， 有時還可以用不定冠詞 a/an 則表示 又一 的意思。 例如：Mr Brown has a second car. 布朗先生另外還有一輛車。He has tried a second time. 他又嘗試了一次。三、數(shù)詞的應(yīng)用1時刻的表示：小時、點鐘、分鐘、秒鐘要用基數(shù)詞。 幾點鐘用基數(shù)詞加oclock。oclock可省略。如： 5點鐘-five（oclock） 幾點過幾分 ，30分鐘用介詞past。如： 7：05-five past seven；7：1

6、5-fifteen （a quarter）past seven；7：30-half past seven。 差幾分幾點用介詞to。如：7：40-twenty to eight；7：45-fifteen（a quarter to eight。 日常生活中的時間讀法常常簡化，直接按基數(shù)詞的順序讀。如：7：05-seven o five；7：15- seven fifteen。2年月日的表示：年份用基數(shù)詞，如：1999年-nineteen ninety-nine； 1900年-nineteen hundred； 2000-two thousand；1905-nineteen o five；年用基數(shù)詞

7、，日用序數(shù)詞。如：1998年6月8日 寫作：June 8，1998；讀作：June the eighth， nineteen ninety-eight或the eighth of June， nineteen ninety-eight。3. 世紀、年代表示法： （在）90年代 (in) the nineties （在）19世紀 (in) the nineteenth century （在）18世紀30年代 (in) 1730s或1730s4編號的表示：Lesson One the first lesson第一課；Bus No3the No3bus 3路公共汽車；表示住所時不用No如：302房間

8、-Room 302（讀作：room three o two）；如果編號的數(shù)詞比較長，一般用基數(shù)詞。如：Page 457第457頁；電話號碼，用基數(shù)詞,如：-three eight five five（double five） six three three（double three）。5分數(shù)的表達：分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，分子大于1，分母則加s。如：13 one third，23two thirds；另外：12 a（one）half; 14one fourth或a（one）quarter;34threefourths或three quarters。 half a second; a qua

9、rter of a second四分之一秒6. 表示有小數(shù)的詞用基數(shù)詞。 5.5 five point five 12.135 twelve point one three five7表示百分數(shù)5：five percent (per cent)， 0.8 zero point eight percent (per cent).8表示有小數(shù)的詞用基數(shù)詞。 5.5 five point five 12.135 twelve point one three five 9其他用法：1）基數(shù)詞單數(shù)名詞形容詞構(gòu)成合成形容詞。如：一個五歲的男孩a five-year-old boy； 一座800米長的橋an

10、 800-metre-long bridge；女子400米接力girls400-metre relay race。2）具體數(shù)詞metre（s）kilometre（s）kilo（s）long high tall deep away等。如：長江長6300公里。The Changjiang River is 6，300 kilometres long3）表示幾十歲用序數(shù)詞，eg. 在他三十幾歲時 in his thirties4）倍數(shù)的表達：(一倍用once，兩倍用 twice，兩倍以上用基數(shù)詞times。如：5倍five times)。例如：He is as tall a boy as I.He

11、is a head taller than I .He is two years older than IChina is four times as large as Europe.I am twice as old as you. (=I am twice older than you. /I am twice the age of you.)My books are twice as many as yours.China is four times larger than Europe.(=China is four times the size of Europe.)I pay tw

12、ice as much as it was worth.I pay twice as much for the house.例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！ 1. _ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympic. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 2. Both of the rules are broken. I want to buy a _ one. A. three B. third C. for

13、th D. /3). - Which is the smallest number of the four? - _. A. Two- thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths4). Please write down the new words in the text of _. A. Lesson Eleven B. the Lesson Eleven C. Lesson Eleventh解析：1.基數(shù)詞hundred, thousand, million, billion 等前有具體數(shù)字時，它們后面不能加s,若這些詞后面有介詞of (幾

14、百，成百上千) ，thousands of (幾千，數(shù)千個)，millions of, billions of 前不可用數(shù)詞修飾。但可用many, some, several 等修飾。故選答案D. 2答案： B。此題主要考查序數(shù)詞的運用。 3答案：C。此題主要考查英語中的分數(shù)表示法。英語中表示分數(shù)時，分母用序數(shù)詞，分子用基數(shù)詞，當分子大于1時，表示分母的序數(shù)詞后要加s. 4答案： A。 此題主要考查基數(shù)詞的編號。在通常情況下，名詞編號有這幾種表示法： 1。事物名詞+基數(shù)詞，且每個單詞的首字母都要大寫。如：Lesson Eleven；2。定冠詞+基數(shù)詞+事物名詞。如： No. 6 Middle

15、School練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績！選擇填空：1._ of people in the world are sending information by E-mail ever day. A. Many million B. Several million C. Several millions D. Many millions2.About _ of the surface of the earth _ covered with water. A. three quarter, is B. three quarters, has C. three quarters, is D. t

16、hree quarter, are3.It will take _ time to finish the work. A. one and a half years B. a year and half C. one and a half years D. a year and halfs4- How long will your stay here ?、 -For _ . A. one and two days B. one and two day C. a day or two D. one or two day5When he moved to Germany in _ , he was

17、 already in _ . A. the fifties; his sixties B. fifties; his sixties C. the fifties; his sixty D. fifty; sixty6My brother lives in _ on _ floor. A. six Room ;second B. Room six ;the second C. Room six; two floor D. the room six ; the second7December is _ month of the year. A. twelve B. twelfth C. the

18、 twelfth D. the twelve8This took place in the _ . A. 1940 B. 1940s C. 1940es D. 1940th9It is only _ from my home to the train station. A. ten minutes walk B. ten-minutes walk C. ten minutes s walk D. ten minutes walk10There are _ in this building , I live on _.A. nine floors ,the ninth floor B. nine

19、 floor, the ninth floorC. nine floor , nine floors D.ninth floor,the ninth floor11The water behind the Three Gorges Dams (三峽大壩) should be _ higher than downstream（ 下游）。 A. sixty-five meter B. sixty-fifth meterC. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth meters12. There are _ days in a year. A. three hundred

20、sixty-five B. three hundred and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty -five D. two hundreds and sixty-five13. -How many teachers are there in your school? - _. , but Im not sure. A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hundreds of D. One hundred14. There are _ doctors and nurses working hard in that hospital. A. thousand B. two thousand C. two thousands D. two thousands of15. - Whats one fourth and a half, do