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1、Unit 3There be 句型及可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞概念引入一、欣賞含有There be 句型的名句1. If there were no clouds, we should not enjoy the sun. 無(wú)云焉知太陽(yáng)暖。2. Where there s a will, there s a way. 有志者事竟成。3. When there is a family, there is a god. 有家的地方就是天堂。二、名詞名詞是表示人, 事物和抽象概念的詞, 在短語(yǔ)或句子中通常可以用代詞來(lái)替代。 名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞;可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞等。用法講解一、 There

2、be 句型1. There be 句型的意義There be 句型常表示某處有某人或某物。例如:There is a computer in the room.房間里有一臺(tái)電腦。There are two TV plays every evening.每晚有兩場(chǎng)電視劇。2. There be 句型的各種句型結(jié)構(gòu)( 1)肯定句: There be某物 / 某人地點(diǎn) / 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如:There is a pencil on the desk.桌子上有一支鉛筆。( 2)否定句: There be not 某物 / 某人地點(diǎn) / 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。這個(gè)句式的否定形式的構(gòu)成是將 be 之后加 not ,同時(shí)

3、,原句中如有 some 一詞,也應(yīng)改為 any。例如:There arent any children behind the house.房后沒(méi)有小孩。( 3)一般疑問(wèn)句:Be there 某物 / 某人地點(diǎn) / 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)這是 There be 句型的疑問(wèn)句,其構(gòu)成是將be 動(dòng)詞提到there 之前,句尾用問(wèn)號(hào)。例如:There are some birds in the picture.圖畫中有些鳥。變成疑問(wèn)句就是:Are there any birds in the picture圖畫中有鳥嗎對(duì)疑問(wèn)句的應(yīng)答,如果是肯定的,可以答:Yes, there is 或 there are. 如果是

4、否定的,可以說(shuō) :No, there isnt 或 there arent ( 4)特殊疑問(wèn)句:特殊疑問(wèn)詞be there 其它在這個(gè)句型的一般疑問(wèn)句之前,加上疑問(wèn)詞,變成特殊疑問(wèn)句。例如:-How many birds are there in the picture圖片中有多少只小鳥-There are four birds in the picture.圖中有 4 只鳥。使用 how many 提問(wèn)時(shí),即可針對(duì)復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞提問(wèn),也可針對(duì)單數(shù)形式的名詞提問(wèn)。在應(yīng)答中,可以按實(shí)際情況回答。例如:-How many boats are there in the river河里有多少只船-Th

5、ere is only one. 僅有一只。注意:否定句或疑問(wèn)句中的some 由 any 代替。3. There be 句型常用時(shí)態(tài)形式There be 句型常用的時(shí)態(tài)形式有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如:There is someone at the door to see you.門口有人找你。There will be a meeting this evening.今晚有個(gè)約會(huì)。4. 主謂一致There be 后面所接的某物有多個(gè)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be 要根據(jù)最靠近它的那個(gè)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來(lái)確定,即就近原則。例如:There is a pen, a pencil-

6、box and some books on my desk.我的桌子上有一支鋼筆,一個(gè)鉛筆盒和一些書。There are some books, a pen and a pencil-box on my desk.我的桌子上有一些書,一支筆和一個(gè)鉛筆盒。There are two boys and a teacher at the school gate.門口有兩個(gè)男孩,一個(gè)老師。5. there be與 have 的區(qū)別there be 表示在某地有某物 (或人) ;have(has) 表示某人擁有某物。 There be 句型表示 “存在”關(guān)系,have 表示“所屬”關(guān)系,兩者不能混合在一

7、個(gè)句子中。例如:例如:我們要說(shuō)“明天有一個(gè)班會(huì)?!保?1) There will have a class meeting tomorrow.( )( 2) There is going to/will be a class meeting tomorrow.( )有時(shí)候既表示“存在”又表示“所屬”時(shí),兩種都可以用。例如:Class Three have a map of China on the wall. (地圖為三班學(xué)生所有。)There is a map of China on the wall in Class Three. (地圖存在于三班。)二、名詞1. 可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞。(

8、 1)可數(shù)名詞可以用數(shù)字計(jì)數(shù)的名詞,稱為可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)形式和復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如: book (單數(shù))books (復(fù)數(shù))可數(shù)名詞可以被冠詞a/ an 修飾。例如: a book 一本書an English dictionary一本英語(yǔ)詞典可數(shù)名詞表示具體數(shù)量時(shí),如果數(shù)量超過(guò)一個(gè),可以直接用基數(shù)詞修飾。例如: two books兩本書four boys四個(gè)男孩可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要隨著名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而變化。例如:Her friend is from Australia.她的朋友來(lái)自澳大利亞。Her friends are from Australia.她的朋友們來(lái)自澳大

9、利亞。常用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞有:few, a few, many, some, any, a lot of, lots of等。例如:I have many friends.我有很多朋友。There are some flowers on the table.桌子上有一些花。( 2)不可數(shù)名詞不能用數(shù)字計(jì)數(shù),必須通過(guò)容量等計(jì)量單位來(lái)表示量的名詞,是不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有單數(shù)形式和復(fù)數(shù)形式的區(qū)別。例如: air 空氣(正確)airs 空氣(錯(cuò)誤)不可數(shù)名詞的前面不能用冠詞修飾。例如: bread 面包(正確)a bread 一片面包(錯(cuò)誤)不可數(shù)名詞的量的變化要通過(guò)修飾它的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化來(lái)表

10、示。例如: a glass of water一杯水two glasses of water兩杯水a(chǎn) piece of paper一張紙two pieces of paper兩張紙不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如: Water is important to us.水對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。常用來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞有:little, a little, much, some, any, a lot of, lots of。例如:There is a little water in the bottle.瓶子里有一點(diǎn)水。There is some milk in the glass.杯子里

11、有一些牛奶。2可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化??蓴?shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種形式:規(guī)則變化遵循以下規(guī)律:( 1)一般情況下,許多名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是在名詞的后面加字母s。例如: boy boys, book books, pen pens, pencil pencils 等。( 2)以字母s, x, sh, ch 結(jié)尾的名詞,在單詞的后面加es。例如: class classes, watch watches , box boxes 等。( 3)以元音字母y 結(jié)尾的單詞,在單詞結(jié)尾直接加s;以輔音字母將 y 改 i,再加 es。例如: boy boys, toy toys, family fam

12、ilies( 4)部分以字母“o”結(jié)尾的單詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加es。這種情況只適用于少數(shù)幾個(gè)單詞例如: hero heroes (英雄), mango mangoes,+y 結(jié)尾的單詞,potato potatoes,tomato tomatoes ??梢杂每谠E:“英雄愛(ài)吃土豆、西紅柿和芒果”來(lái)記憶。( 5.)以字母f 或者 fe 結(jié)尾的單詞,先把字母f 變?yōu)樽帜竩 再加 es。例如: leaf leaves。有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)是不規(guī)則變化例如: child children ,man men, tooth teeth ,foot feet , sheep sheep, deerdeer。這些不規(guī)則變化需

13、要在以后的學(xué)習(xí)中不斷總結(jié)和積累。鞏固練習(xí). 寫出下列單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。1. apple _2. pear_3. orange_4. banana _5. strawberry_6. hamburger_7. tomato_10. baby_8. potato_11. knife_9. boy _12. bus_II. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. There are a lot of _ (student) planting trees on the hill.2. I saw many _ (sheep) eating grass on the hill.3. There are a lot

14、 of yellow _ (leaf) on the tree when autumn comes.4. The _(boy) has two _ (watch).5. Mike hurt one of his _(tooth) in the accident yesterday.6. There _ (be) a lot of sweets in the box.7. There _ (be) some milk in the glass.8. There _ (be) some people under the big tree now.9. There _ (be) a picture

15、and a map on the wall.10. There_ (be) a box of rubbers near the books.11. There _ (be) lots of flowers in our garden last year.12. There_ (be) four cups of coffee on the table.III.句型轉(zhuǎn)換,每空一詞。1. There are some pictures on the wall.(改為否定句)There _ _ pictures on the wall.2. There is a bike behind the tre

16、e.(改為否定句)There _ a bike behind the tree.3. There is some water on Mars.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句)_ _ _ water on Mars4. There are many things over there.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))_ over there5. There are four children on the playground.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))_ _ the four childrenIV. 單項(xiàng)選擇。1. Is that your _ Yes, it is. Thank you.A. bookB. a bookC. b

17、ooksD. the book2.Look! Those are your _. You can use them.A. bookB. the bookC. booksD. a book3.Dont worry. Your son will come back in _hour.A. aB. anC. theD. /4.There are three _ in my family.A. boyB. boysC. boiesD. a boy5.There are ten _ in the picture.A. sheepsB. deersC. horseD. cows6.Look at thes

18、e _. They are my family members.A. photosB. photoesC. a photoD. the photo7.You can get much _ about the World Expo (世博會(huì)) on the Internet.A. mapB. pictureC. ticketD. information (信息)8.Look! These books _ not yours. _ are your father s.A. is; ItB. are; TheyC. are; ItD. is; They9. There is _ food on th

19、e table.A. lot ofB. a lotC. lots ofD. lots10. How many students _ in your classA. is thereB. are thereC. there areD. there is11. There is some _ on the plate. A. cakes B. meat C. potatoD. pears答案與解析 . 寫出下列單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。1. apples2. pears3. oranges4. bananas5. strawberries6. hamburgers7. tomatoes8. potatoes

20、9. boys10. babies11. knives12. busesII. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. students 2. sheep 3. leaves 4. boy; watches 5. teeth6. are7. is8. are9. is10. is11. are12. areIII. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換,每空一詞。1. aren t any 2. isn t 3. Is there any 4. What s 5. Where are IV. 單項(xiàng)選擇。1. A。從對(duì)話的后面的回答和前面句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式可以判斷是用可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式作主語(yǔ),有形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞 book ,所以不再用冠詞。2. C。

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