不定式省略to的10種情況

1、-作者xxxx-日期xxxx不定式省略to的10種情況【精品文檔】不定式省略to的幾種情況 一、使役動(dòng)詞與to的省略 當(dāng)不定式用于let, make, have等使役動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，不定式必須省略to。如：Let me have another cup of tea.給我再來(lái)一杯茶。She had him dig away the snow.她讓他把雪挖走。They made him tell them everything.他們強(qiáng)迫他把一切全告訴他們。但是，當(dāng)使役動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其后的不定式則必須要帶to。如：他被迫一天工作20小時(shí)。誤：He was made work twenty

2、 hours a day.正：He was made to work twenty hours a day.注意，表示使役意義的let和have很少用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。另外注意，force, oblige等雖然也表示“使”，但它們后用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式必須帶to。如：They forced her to sign the paper.他們強(qiáng)迫她在文件上簽字。The law obliged parents to send their children to school.法律要求父母送子女上學(xué)。二、感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞與to的省略 當(dāng)不定式用于表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞feel, hear, notice, observe

3、, see, watch, look at, listen to等作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式必須省略to。如：We all felt the house shake.我們都感覺(jué)這房子在震動(dòng)。I heard him go down the stairs.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他下樓了。Did you notice her leave the house?她離開(kāi)屋子你注意到了嗎?I watched her get into the car.我看著她上了車。但是，當(dāng)feel后用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式為to be時(shí)，則不能省略to。如：They all felt the plan to be unwise.他們都認(rèn)為這個(gè)計(jì)

4、劃不明智。注意，當(dāng)這些動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式前的to不能省略。如：They were heard to break a glass in the next door.聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他們?cè)诟舯诖蚱屏艘粋€(gè)玻璃杯子。另外，若用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式為完成式，則通常應(yīng)帶 to。如：。三、介詞except / but與to的省略 當(dāng)不定式用作介詞except或except的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，該不定式有時(shí)帶 to，有時(shí)不帶 to，情形比較復(fù)雜，大致原則是：其前有do，不定式不帶 to；其前沒(méi)有 do，不定式通常帶 to。如：He likes nothing except to watch TV.除了看電視外，他什么都不喜歡

5、。It had no effect except to make him angry.除惹他生氣外，沒(méi)產(chǎn)生任何效果。Theres little we can do except wait.除了等待我們沒(méi)有什么辦法。I could do nothing except agree.我除了同意，沒(méi)有別的辦法。 四、help與to的省略 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞help后跟一個(gè)不定式用作賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式可以不帶to，也可以不帶to。如：Can you help (to) carry this table upstairs?你能幫忙把桌子搬到樓上去嗎?I have lost my watch. Will you

6、 help me (to) look for it?我把表丟了，你能不能幫我找一下?但是，當(dāng)help用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其后不定式必須帶to。如：Millie was helped to overcome her fear of flying.米利被幫助克服了她的飛行恐懼。另外，當(dāng)不定式為否定式時(shí)，其中的to通常不宜省略。如：How can I help my children not to worry about their exams?我怎樣才能幫助我的孩子們不為他們的考試著急呢?五、固定搭配與to的省略 1、Why not.? = Why dont you.? 習(xí)慣上接動(dòng)詞原形，不能接帶to

7、不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞，主要用于表示同意、贊成、勸誘等，其意為“為什么不呢”。 如：Why not go with him? = Why dont you go with him? 為什么不和他一起去呢？ 2、 had better.，最好做某事，如：You had better stay here. 你最好呆在這里。 3、“would rather+動(dòng)詞原形”意為“寧愿做某事”。如：Wed rather stay at home.我們寧愿呆在家里。I would rather not tell him.我寧愿不告訴他。 4、prefer+不定式+rather than+動(dòng)詞原形，其意為“寧愿做某事

8、而不愿做另一事”。如：I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.我寧愿走著去，而不愿坐公共汽車去。He prefers to read rather than watch television.他喜歡 讀書(shū)而不喜歡看電視。但，prefer+動(dòng)名詞+to+動(dòng)名詞，其意為“寧愿做某事而不愿做另一事”。如：He prefers swimming to riding as a sport.作為一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng) 目，他更喜歡游泳而不是騎馬。注：這類結(jié)構(gòu)的 prefer前有時(shí)也可用 would, should等。如：We would prefer playing

9、outdoors to watching television.我們寧愿在外面玩而不愿看電視。 習(xí)慣上只接動(dòng)名詞（V+ING）作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 常用動(dòng)詞有：admit承認(rèn)、advise建議、allow允許、appreciate感激、avoid避免、consider考慮 delay推遲、deny否認(rèn)、discuss討論、dislike不喜歡、enjoy喜愛(ài)、escape逃脫、excuse原諒、 fancy設(shè)想、finish完成、forbid禁止、forgive原諒、give up放棄、imagine想像、keep保持、mention提及、mind介意、miss沒(méi)趕上、pardon原諒、permit允

10、許、practise練習(xí)、prevent阻止、 prohibit禁止、put off推遲、report報(bào)告、risk冒險(xiǎn)、stop停止、suggest建議、understand理解等，這些動(dòng)詞后面常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。 另在一些固定搭配中也常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。如：1、insist on doing堅(jiān)持要做某事。如： He insisted on doing it by himself. 他堅(jiān)持要一個(gè)人做。2、have difficulty /trouble (in) doing sth. 相當(dāng)，意為“在做某事方面有困難、麻煩”。如：She has difficulty/trouble (in) le

11、arning maths well. 她學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)有困難。3、be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事。如：They are busy (in) doing with the trouble. 他們正在忙于處理那個(gè)問(wèn)題?！镜湫陀梅▽?shí)例】I advise waiting a few more days.我建議再等幾天。They avoided mentioning that name.他們避免提到那個(gè)名字。He denied having been there.他否認(rèn)到過(guò)那里。He disliked being laughed at.他不喜歡別人笑他。Ive enjoyed se

12、eing you and talking about old times.我見(jiàn)到你一起談往事非常高興。We dont allow (permit) smoking on this plane.在這架飛機(jī)上我們不允許抽煙。I admit breaking the window.我承認(rèn)窗子是我打破的。Try to imagine being on the moon.設(shè)法想像你是在月球上。He made a New Years resolution to give up smoking.他下了新年決心要戒煙。They risked losing everything.他們冒失去一切的危險(xiǎn)。He tr

13、ied to escape being punished.他設(shè)法逃避懲罰。You shouldnt keep thinking about it.你不應(yīng)老想著這事。Would you mind going with her?你可否同她一起去? I cant understand neglecting children like that.對(duì)孩子那樣毫不經(jīng)心，我不能理解。We only missed seeing each other by five minutes.我們只因差五分鐘而未能見(jiàn)面。I suggest doing it in a different way.我建議以另一種方法做這事。

14、I put off writing from day to day.我日復(fù)一日地推遲寫(xiě)它?！編c(diǎn)用法說(shuō)明】(1) 有的動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)通常帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)：The rain prevented his coming.下雨使他不能來(lái)。Excuse my opening your letter by mistake.原諒我不慎把你的信拆開(kāi)。(2) 有的動(dòng)詞(如advise, allow, forbid, permit等)后雖然不能直接跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：He advised buying a computer.他建議買臺(tái)電腦。He advised her to buy a

15、computer.他建議她買臺(tái)電腦。(3) 有些動(dòng)詞(如consider, understand, discuss等)雖不接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，卻可接“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”作賓語(yǔ)：Have you considered how to get there?你是否考慮過(guò)如何到那兒去?She doesnt understand how to look after him.她不知道應(yīng)如何照顧他。We discussed what to do and where we should go.我們討論了該怎么辦及到哪里去。習(xí)慣上接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 通常只接不定式(而不是動(dòng)名詞)作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起、

16、agree同意、arrange安排、 ask要求、care想要、choose決定、decide決定、demand要求、determine決心、expect期待、fail未能、help幫助、hesitate猶豫、hope希望、long渴望、manage設(shè)法、offer主動(dòng)提出、plan計(jì)劃、prepare準(zhǔn)備、pretend假裝、promise答應(yīng)、refuse拒絕、want想要、wish希望等。如：I cant afford to buy a car.我買不起汽車。She refused to help me.她不肯幫助我。He agreed to come over right away.他

17、同意馬上就來(lái)。He managed to avoid an accident.他設(shè)法避免了一次事故。The boy decided not to become a sailor.那孩子決定將來(lái)不當(dāng)水手。He chose not to go abroad until later.他決定晚點(diǎn)出國(guó)。He pretended not to know the facts.他佯裝不知實(shí)情。v+sb to do sth用法 通?？蓭Р欢ㄊ阶髻e語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有advise建議, allow允許, ask要求、叫, bear忍受, beg請(qǐng)求, cause引起, command命令, encourage鼓勵(lì),

18、expect期待, forbid原諒, force強(qiáng)迫, get使, hate討厭, help幫助, intend打算, invite邀請(qǐng), leave離開(kāi), need需要, oblige逼迫、責(zé)成, order命令, permit準(zhǔn)許、允許, persuade說(shuō)服, prefer寧愿, request要求, remind提醒, teach教, tell告訴, trouble麻煩, want想要, warn警告, wish希望、hope希望等：He didnt allow the students to go there.他沒(méi)讓學(xué)生們?nèi)ツ莾骸e ordered the work to be

19、started at once.他命令馬上開(kāi)始工作。He forbade me to use his car.他不準(zhǔn)我用他的小車。The doctor warned him not to smoke.醫(yī)生告誡他不要抽煙。My parents encouraged me to study abroad.父母鼓勵(lì)我出國(guó)留學(xué)。I tried to persuade him to leave, but he wouldnt listen.我想勸他離開(kāi)，可他不聽(tīng)。注意：promise sb to do sth該結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是其前的賓語(yǔ)sb，而是句子主語(yǔ)，所以嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)，此句中的不定式不是賓語(yǔ)

20、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如He promised me to go.的意思是“他答應(yīng)我他去”，而不是“他答應(yīng)讓我去”。專題練習(xí)：1、The man insisted _a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding2、The old man, _abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. havin

21、g worked3、My advisor encouraged _a summer course to improve my writing skills.A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 4、_in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 5、Having b

22、een ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _the exam.A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. Passing6、According to a recent U. S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week _TV.A. to watch B. to watching C. watching D. Watch7、Certainly I posted your letter I remember _ it. A. posting B. to post C. to be posting D. have posted8、Mr Smith dislikes _ such clothes but his wife likes _ them.A. to wear, to wear B. to wear, wearing C. wearing, to wear D. wearing, wear9. I regret _what I said. I shouldnt have said it. A. to say B. sayin