主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專(zhuān)題練習(xí)

1、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專(zhuān)題練習(xí)一、將下列主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1. Teachers must take good care of the student.2. Was ano ther man-made satellite sent up into the space by them last week.3. People plant many trees on either side of the street each year.4. Li Lei mended the bike.5. A famous America n writer wrote the book Red Star O

2、ver Chi na years ago.6. Two years ago we used that machine to make shoes for children.7. Ken is ofte n heard to apologize to his teacher.8. People there didntplant any trees last year.9. We call him David.10. We will pla nt some trees in the garde n this year.11. Do young people usually liste n to p

3、op music?12. We should help the disabled people.13. Jenny showed me the picture.14. My mother gave me a dictionary as a birthday present.15. We heard Jim playi ng the guitar in his room.二、單項(xiàng)選擇1. Today, the forests have almost gone. People mustdow n too many trees.A. stop to cutB. stop from cutt ingC

4、. be kept cutt ingD. be stopped from cutt ing2. Hein the classroom just now. Hebe there now.A. heard to sin g;may B. was heard sing; must C. heard sing; must D. was heard to sing; may3. -1 want to teach in this area.-Well, teachersvery much here.A. n eedB. are n eed ingC. are n eeded D. will n eed4.

5、 A report says hun dreds of thousa nds of treesin the Amza on rai nforestlast year.A. was cut dow n B. have bee n cut dow n C. were cut dow nD. has bee ncut dow n5. -What about the pen you bought yesterday?-Itwell. I like it very well.A. was writte n B. is writte nC. wroteD. Writes6. -Sixtee n-year-

6、oldsto drive.-I agree. They areserious eno ugh at that age.A. should nt be allowed B. should nt allow C. dont allow D. are allowed not7. The village is build ing a school. I hope itbefore August this year.A. Fini shesB. will finishC. is fini shedD. will be fini shed【形容詞】形容詞修飾名詞，說(shuō)明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。通常，可將形容詞

7、分成性質(zhì) 形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類(lèi)，其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。1) 直接說(shuō)明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞，它有級(jí)的變化，可以用程度副詞修飾，在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如：hot。2) 敘述形容詞只能作表語(yǔ)，所以又稱(chēng)為表語(yǔ)形容詞。這類(lèi)形容詞沒(méi)有級(jí)的變化， 也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開(kāi)頭的形容詞都屬于這一類(lèi)。 例如：afraid 害怕的。按其結(jié)構(gòu)，可分為單個(gè)形容詞和復(fù)合形容詞。前者由一個(gè)單詞(如good, short,happy)構(gòu)成，而后者則由兩個(gè)以上的單詞(如well-k now n, kin d-hearted,five-year-old )構(gòu)成。二、形容詞的種類(lèi)1. 品質(zhì)

8、形容詞英語(yǔ)中大量形容詞屬于這一類(lèi)，他們表示人或物的品質(zhì)，女口:He s the happiest man on earth.他是地球上最快樂(lè)的人。The play was bori ng.那出戲很枯燥乏味。You have an hon est face.你有一張誠(chéng)實(shí)的臉。這類(lèi)形容詞一般都能用于比較級(jí)，如bigger, simpler, you nger.2. 類(lèi)屬形容詞這類(lèi)形容詞表示屬于哪一類(lèi)，如：These subjects reflect our daily lives.這些題材反映我們的日常生活。This medici ne is for exter nal use on ly.此藥僅

9、供外用。這類(lèi)形容詞一般都不能用于比較級(jí)。3. 顏色形容詞有少數(shù)表示顏色的形容詞，如：His face we nt purple with rage.他的臉氣得發(fā)青。She had on a blue coat.她穿了一件藍(lán)色的外套。Carrots are orange. 胡蘿卜是 橘紅色的。這類(lèi)詞前面還可加light, pale, dark, deep, bright等詞，如：light brown hair 淡藍(lán)色頭發(fā)a pale green dress 淡綠色裙服a deep blue skirt深藍(lán)色的裙子a dark grey suit深灰色的套服4. 強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞有些形容詞起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，

10、如：It s an utter mystery.這完全是個(gè)謎。I have perfect trust in his judgeme nt.我絕對(duì)信任他的判斷力。5. -ing 形容詞1）有大量現(xiàn)在分詞正在或已經(jīng)變?yōu)樾稳菰~，如：It was a tiri ng journ ey.這真是一趟累人的旅行。This is a convincing argume nt.這是個(gè)有說(shuō)服力的論據(jù)。這樣的形容詞多由及物動(dòng)詞變來(lái)。有很多也是品質(zhì)形容詞，有時(shí)可用于最高級(jí)（如most amazing, most disappointing ）。2）還有一些形容詞和不及物動(dòng)詞有關(guān)，如：我們希望緩解目前的緊張局勢(shì)。他是

11、當(dāng)今最偉大的作曲家We hope to lesse n the existi ng tension.He s one of the greatest liv ing composers.之一。這類(lèi)形容詞只能作定語(yǔ)，不能用于比較級(jí)。3）還有一些-ing形容詞并不與動(dòng)詞有關(guān)，如：n eighbouri ng cities令 B近的城市a cunning trick猾的計(jì)謀6. - ed形容詞 1）大多數(shù)-ed形容詞都與及物動(dòng)詞有關(guān)，是由它們的過(guò)去分詞變過(guò)來(lái)的，一般 有被動(dòng)意義，多數(shù)為品質(zhì)形容詞，如：She looked embarrassed.他好象很尷尬。These people are fro

12、m distressed areas.這些人來(lái)自貧苦地區(qū)。I felt depressed.我感到很沮喪。2）有些-ed形容詞可說(shuō)是類(lèi)屬形容詞，也由動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞變來(lái)，但不能用于 比較級(jí)，如：You have to pass the required exam in ati on to become a doctor.你需要通過(guò)規(guī)定的考試才能成為醫(yī)生。She is a trained nurse.她是一個(gè)受過(guò)訓(xùn)練的護(hù)士3）有少數(shù)-ed形容詞，不是由動(dòng)詞，而是由名詞變來(lái)的：skilled workers 技術(shù)工人salaried class 工薪階層a flowered headscarf 印花

13、頭巾還有少數(shù)-ed形容詞，和動(dòng)詞名詞都沒(méi)有關(guān)系：beloved leaders受愛(ài)戴的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)his deceased aunt 他死去的姨4）有些-ed的形容詞包含有副詞：a well-equipped army一支裝備精良的部隊(duì)a well-k nownmusician 著名的音樂(lè)家7.合成形容詞1）形容詞在英語(yǔ)中是比較普遍的，最常見(jiàn)的有：a. 形容詞+名詞+ed:good-natured天性善良的b. 副詞+過(guò)去分詞：low-paid工資很低的c. 形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞：easy-going 好說(shuō)話(huà)的d. 畐寸詞+現(xiàn)在分詞：low-lying低洼的e. 名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞：heart-breakin

14、g令人心碎的f. 形容詞+名詞：prese nt-day當(dāng)代的2）還有一些其他類(lèi)型的合成形容詞，如：a two-piece suit 兩件套的西服all-out attempt全力以赴的努力take-home pay扣稅后的實(shí)得工資3）還有一些三個(gè)或更多詞構(gòu)成的和成形容詞，如：wait-a nd-see policy觀望政策h(yuǎn)eart-to-heart talk推心置腹的談話(huà)an out-of-the-wayplace偏僻之地an-o ut-of-datedrivi nglice nse過(guò)期駕照三、形容詞的用法和在句中的位置1. 形容詞在句中主要可用作:1)定語(yǔ):What a fine day

15、!多好的天氣!He is a self-made man.他是個(gè)自學(xué)成材的人。2)表語(yǔ):The see ne was horrify ing.這景象很恐怖。3)I am gett ing bored and homesick.His comme nts were well-mea nt.賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（構(gòu)成合成賓語(yǔ)）：我感到有些厭煩想家。他說(shuō)這些都是出于好心。我感到這種炎熱天氣很難受。你認(rèn)為這有必要嗎?I find this hot weather very tryi ng.Do you think it n ecessary?4）狀語(yǔ):She was back, eager to see her

16、 friends.她回來(lái)了，極想見(jiàn)她的朋友們。She gave him the overcoat, an xious to be of service.她把大衣拿給他，極愿為他服務(wù)。He arrived home, hungry and tired.他又餓又累的回到家里。2.形容詞在句中的位置有的形容詞放在被修飾的名詞之前，稱(chēng)為前置形容詞；少數(shù)形容詞放在被修飾的名詞之后，稱(chēng)為后置形容詞。1）當(dāng)名詞被多個(gè)前置形容詞修飾時(shí)，形容詞之間有一個(gè)先后順序問(wèn)題。一般規(guī)則為:（限定詞）-一般描繪性形容詞一表示大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低的形容詞一表示年齡、新舊的形容詞一表示國(guó)籍、地區(qū)、出處的形容詞一表示物質(zhì)、材料的形容

17、詞-（名詞）。用一句話(huà)來(lái)說(shuō)就是“美小圓舊黃，法國(guó)木書(shū)屋”。如:There is a famous fine old stone bridge n ear the village.村子附近有一座著名的漂亮的古代石橋。I bought a cheap blue plastic pencil box yesterday.昨天我買(mǎi)了一個(gè)便宜的藍(lán)色塑料鉛筆盒They have got such a round brow n woode n table.他們有一張褐色的木制圓桌。somebody,2)當(dāng)形容詞詞組相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，或形容詞用來(lái)修飾 somethi ng, any thi ng, no

18、thi ng 等的時(shí)候，便會(huì)出現(xiàn)后置形容詞。如: The boy (who is) interested in music is my brother.對(duì)音樂(lè)趕興趣的那個(gè)男孩是我弟弟。Guilin is a city (which is) famous for its scenery.桂林是一個(gè)以風(fēng)景聞名的城市。Do you have anything in teresti ng to tell us?你有什么趣聞告訴我們嗎？There is nothing wrong with the machine.這臺(tái)機(jī)器沒(méi)有毛病。四、形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1. 形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成1)單音節(jié)詞和

19、少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成情況構(gòu)成方式原級(jí)比較級(jí)最咼級(jí)一般情況力卩-er 或newn ewern ewest-estlongIon gerIon gest以e結(jié)尾力卩-r或-stfinefinerfin est的詞latelaterlatest以“輔音變y為i再earlyearlierearliest+y”結(jié)尾的詞加-er 或-esthappyhappierhappiest重讀閉音先雙寫(xiě)輔hothotterhottest節(jié)的詞末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字音字母，再加-er 或-estthinthi nnerth inn est母fatfatterfattest2)多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在其前面加

20、 more或most。如:原級(jí)比較級(jí)最咼級(jí)usefulmore usefulmost usefuldifficultmore difficultmost difficultdeliciousmore deliciousmost delicious3）有幾個(gè)形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)屬于不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最咼級(jí)good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfurtherfurthestfartherfarthestoldolderoldesteldereldest2.形容詞比較級(jí)的用法1）形容詞的比較級(jí)

21、可以單獨(dú)使用：Be more careful n ext time.下次小心點(diǎn)。It was quieter outside.夕卜面安靜點(diǎn)了。It couldn t be easier.不能再容易了。This car is more expe nsive.這輛車(chē)比較貴。Who is taller? 誰(shuí)高一點(diǎn)？Which book is better?哪本書(shū)更好？2）也可以和than連用，表示兩者相比，than后可以跟：a. 名詞或代詞（若為人稱(chēng)代詞，在口語(yǔ)中多用賓格）：He is older than me.他年齡比我大。Tokyo is bigger than New York.東京比紐約大

22、。b. 動(dòng)名詞：Skii ng is more excit ing tha n skat ing.滑雪比滑冰更刺激。This is more in teresti ng tha n sitti ng in an office.這比坐辦公室更有意思。c. 從句:I was a better sin ger tha n he was.我唱歌比他好。He is stron ger tha n I expected.他比我預(yù)料的更健壯。d.狀語(yǔ):She felt worse tha n usual.她感到比平時(shí)更難受。He is busier tha n ever.他比過(guò)去更忙了。e.跟其它成分（如動(dòng)

23、詞、形容詞等）：It s better to be prepared than unprepared.有準(zhǔn)備比沒(méi)準(zhǔn)備好。She was more surprised tha n angry.她吃驚甚于生氣。He was more lucky tha n clever.他是運(yùn)氣好，而不是聰明。3.形容詞比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)1）形容詞比較級(jí)前可加 much, a lot, a bit, a little, slightly之類(lèi)表示程度的狀語(yǔ):He s feeli ng a lot better today.他感到今天好多了。She s a little bit better now.她現(xiàn)在稍稍好點(diǎn)了。I

24、t s slightly warmer today.今天稍微暖和一點(diǎn)。2）也可在比較級(jí)前 any, no, some, even, still這類(lèi)詞：Do you feel a ny better today?你今天感覺(jué)好一點(diǎn)了嗎？She was no older than Qilla.他并不比齊拉大。This book is eve n more useful tha n that.這本書(shū)甚至比那本書(shū)更有用。3）比較級(jí)前還可加其他表示數(shù)量的詞：Shall I get a couple more chairs?我要不要再搬兩把椅子來(lái)？My sister is ten years youn ge

25、r tha n me.我妹妹比我小十歲。You re a head taller than Jane.你比簡(jiǎn)高一個(gè)頭。4.形容詞比較級(jí)的特殊用法和more有關(guān)的詞組1) the more the more 越就越。例如：The harder you work , the greater progress youll make.越努力,進(jìn)步越大。2) more B than A=less A than B與其說(shuō) A不如說(shuō) B。例如：He is more lazy tha n slow at his work. = He is less slowtha n lazy at his work.他工作

26、時(shí)，與其說(shuō)是反應(yīng)慢不如說(shuō)是懶。3) no morethan 與一樣，不比多。例如：The officials could see no more tha n the Emperor.官員們看至 U的和皇帝一樣多。no less than 與一樣。例如：He is no less dilige nt than you.他和你一樣勤勉。4) more than不只是，非常。例如：She is more than kind to us all.她對(duì)我們非常熱心。和less有關(guān)的詞組5) less than 不到 不太：In less than a week, the MS was ready.不到一

27、周稿子就準(zhǔn)備好了。6) no less than 多達(dá) 不少于He won no less than $5oo.他贏了不少于 500 美圓。No less tha n 2 milli on people came.7) more or less基本上 大體上 大約至少來(lái)了 2百萬(wàn)人。The work is more or less fini shed.這項(xiàng)工作基本上完成了。The answers were more or less right.這些回答大體上是正確的。另外，還有as +形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+ as8）在否定句或疑問(wèn)句中可用soas。例如：He cannot run so/as fa

28、st as you.他沒(méi)你跑得快。9）當(dāng)asas中間有名詞時(shí)采用以下格式：as +形容詞+ a +單數(shù)名詞/ as + many/much + 名詞。例如：這個(gè)例子和另外一This is as good an example as the other is.個(gè)一樣好。I can carry as much paper as you can.你能搬多少紙，我也能。10）表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在as的前面。例如：This room is twice as big as that one.這房間的面積是那間的兩倍。Your room is the same size as mi n

29、e.你的房間和我的一樣大。11）倍數(shù) + as + adj. + as 倍數(shù) + the + of。例如：This bridge is three times as long as that one.這座橋的長(zhǎng)度是那座的三倍。This bridge is three times the len gth of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.你的房間是我的兩倍大。Your room is twice the size of mine.5. 形容詞最高級(jí)用法the +最高級(jí)+比較范圍1）形容詞最高級(jí)前通常必須用定冠詞the，例如：The S

30、ahara is the biggest desert in the world.撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。形容詞most前面沒(méi)有the，不表示最高級(jí)的含義，只表示非常。例如：It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 這是個(gè)很重要的問(wèn)題。注意：使用最高級(jí)要注意將主語(yǔ)包括在比較范圍內(nèi)。（錯(cuò)）Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.（對(duì)）Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2） 下列詞可修飾最高級(jí)，by far, far

31、, much, mostly, almost。例如：This hat is n early / almost the biggest.這帽子差不多是最大的了。、I 、+ : 注意:a. very 可修飾最高級(jí)，但位置與 much不同。This is the very best.This is much the best.b.序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級(jí)。例如：Africa is the sec ond largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。3）最高級(jí)的意義有時(shí)可以用比較級(jí)表示出來(lái)。例如：Mike is the most in tellige nt in his class.馬克是班上最

32、聰明的。Mike is more intelligentthan any other students in his class.4）否定詞語(yǔ)+比較級(jí)，-否定詞語(yǔ)+ soas結(jié)構(gòu)也可以表示最高級(jí)含義。 例如：Nothi ng is so easy as this.沒(méi)比這更簡(jiǎn)單的了。=Noth ing is easier tha n this.=This is the easiest thing.6. 形容詞最高級(jí)的特殊用法1） 形容詞最高級(jí)可用作表語(yǔ)，這時(shí)定冠詞the可以省略。I thi nk her plan is best.我認(rèn)為她的計(jì)劃最好。Cott on bla nkets are g

33、en erally cheapest.棉毛毯一般最便宜。2） 形容詞最高級(jí)前可以加a或不加冠詞來(lái)表示非常He has bee n most kind to me.他對(duì)我非常好。We were all most an xious to go home.我們都很想回家。3） 形容詞最高級(jí)還可和at構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)，表示處于最的狀態(tài)。The peony was at its brightest.牡丹花正在盛開(kāi)。I knew she was at her worst.我知道她這時(shí)情緒最糟。She was n ever at her best in the prese nee of her mother.

34、在她媽跟前她的表現(xiàn)從來(lái)不是最好的。4）形容詞最高級(jí)還可和at構(gòu)成許多短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)：He had bee n gone 15 mi nutes at the most.他離開(kāi)頂多才一刻鐘。I ll be with you at latest by ten.我最遲十點(diǎn)鐘就來(lái)陪你?！靖痹~】副詞主要用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)一、時(shí)間副詞1. 常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間副詞常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間畐寸詞有now, the n, soon, ago, rece ntly, lately, later,fin ally, before, early, today tomorrow, yesterday, toni ght, su

35、dde nly, immediately, already, just 等。2. 時(shí)間副詞在句中的位置 表確定時(shí)間的副詞（如today, yesterday等）通常位于句末，有時(shí)也位于句首：He went home yesterday. / Yesterday he went home.他昨天回家了。而那些表示非確定時(shí)間的副詞（如soon, recently, suddenly等）除可用于句末或句首外，還可位于句中（通常位于實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前，動(dòng)詞 be、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài) 動(dòng)詞之后）：He went to Paris rece ntly. / He rece ntly went to Paris. /

36、Rece ntly he went to Paris.最近他去了巴黎。（2） still, already, just等幾個(gè)表示時(shí)間的副詞通常位于句中（實(shí)意動(dòng)詞 之前，動(dòng)詞be、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后）：He s just left for school.他剛剛?cè)W(xué)校。I have already fini shed my work.我已經(jīng)做完了工作。當(dāng)要表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，still 和already也可位于動(dòng)詞be、助動(dòng)詞等之前：她到了 40She was still still was beautiful at the age of forty.歲仍然很美。I already have told

37、him about it.我已經(jīng)把情況告訴他了。still若用于否定句，則總是位于助動(dòng)詞之前：I still dont understand what you mean我還是不明白你的意思。另外，still 和already 還可位于句末，表示驚奇：Are you on page one still? 你還在看第 1 頁(yè)？Is your mother back already?你媽媽就已經(jīng)回來(lái)了？二、地點(diǎn)副詞1. 常見(jiàn)的地點(diǎn)副詞常見(jiàn)的地點(diǎn)畐寸詞有 here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad, in doors, overseas, halfway, upstairs, dow nstairs等。2. 地點(diǎn)副詞在句中的位置地點(diǎn)副詞在句中通常位于句末或句首，但從不位于主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間。若有多個(gè)副詞排列，地點(diǎn)副詞通常位于方式副詞之后，時(shí)間副詞之前：Can you help to carry th