疾病診斷小型專(zhuān)家系統(tǒng)人工智能課程設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告

1、疾病診斷小型專(zhuān)家系統(tǒng) 人工智能課程設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告 智能1001班 傅寶林 0909101217 2013.6.181內(nèi)容提要 此系統(tǒng)采用專(zhuān)家系統(tǒng)的規(guī)則庫(kù)-推理機(jī)技術(shù)原理，以醫(yī)學(xué)診斷為背景，旨在作出一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的輔助診斷專(zhuān)家系統(tǒng)。系統(tǒng)的框架及界面采用的是java語(yǔ)言，調(diào)用xml里保存的知識(shí)庫(kù)和規(guī)則庫(kù)。此小型的專(zhuān)家系統(tǒng)以肺結(jié)核、哮喘、食管癌、骨折等疾病的診斷為例，展示了一個(gè)小型專(zhuān)家系統(tǒng)是如何構(gòu)建的。目錄1內(nèi)容提要22目的和意義43系統(tǒng)的主要內(nèi)容和功能54設(shè)計(jì)流程及描述65課程設(shè)計(jì)體會(huì)216參考文獻(xiàn)22 2目的和意義 （1）加深理解專(zhuān)家系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)及開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程。（2）初步掌握知識(shí)獲取的基本方法。（3）掌握產(chǎn)生式規(guī)

2、則知識(shí)表示方法及其編程實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。（4）初步掌握知識(shí)庫(kù)的組建方法。3系統(tǒng)的主要內(nèi)容和功能 系統(tǒng)主要以問(wèn)答的形勢(shì)詢(xún)問(wèn)病情癥狀，操作者只需要回答yes或no。當(dāng)一趟詢(xún)問(wèn)完成后，系統(tǒng)會(huì)基于以上詢(xún)問(wèn)得出的事實(shí)推理出最終的診斷結(jié)果。 功能見(jiàn)以下截圖1、2. 圖1 問(wèn)詢(xún)界面 圖2 診斷結(jié)果界面 4設(shè)計(jì)流程及描述1) 需求分析 本設(shè)計(jì)需要用高級(jí)語(yǔ)言編寫(xiě)框架及調(diào)用外部的規(guī)則庫(kù)與知識(shí)庫(kù)。方便起見(jiàn)，用java語(yǔ)言編寫(xiě)框架，用xml文件保存。2) 知識(shí)獲取與知識(shí)表示知識(shí)獲取通過(guò)醫(yī)學(xué)臨床專(zhuān)業(yè)的同學(xué)及醫(yī)學(xué)診斷專(zhuān)業(yè)書(shū)籍，確保專(zhuān)家系統(tǒng)的專(zhuān)家性。知識(shí)的表示采用的是xml語(yǔ)言，把事實(shí)與規(guī)則一條條保存。3) 知識(shí)庫(kù)的組建 知識(shí)庫(kù)分

3、事實(shí)庫(kù)和規(guī)則庫(kù)組建。疾病診斷因?yàn)橛械牟∮薪徊娴陌Y狀，所以邏輯上，從癥狀到診斷的過(guò)程是對(duì)一顆二叉樹(shù)的搜索，當(dāng)問(wèn)題回答的是yes時(shí)，就進(jìn)行深度優(yōu)先搜索，當(dāng)回答no時(shí)，就轉(zhuǎn)到兄弟節(jié)點(diǎn)。對(duì)于無(wú)關(guān)的疾病，則回到根節(jié)點(diǎn)重新對(duì)下一顆子樹(shù)進(jìn)行搜索。得到一種疾病的確診就是result，得到這個(gè)葉子節(jié)點(diǎn)前遍歷過(guò)的節(jié)點(diǎn)組成了reasons.4) 推理機(jī)制選擇/編制 采用的是問(wèn)題引導(dǎo)式推理。在規(guī)則庫(kù)里寫(xiě)的其實(shí)不是真正的規(guī)則。真正的規(guī)則蘊(yùn)含在問(wèn)題及前提里。為了不讓“專(zhuān)家”問(wèn)無(wú)用的問(wèn)題，每個(gè)問(wèn)題都是以某個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案為前提的。這樣組成了內(nèi)部的因果關(guān)系，所以真正的推理規(guī)則只與某一趟提問(wèn)的最后一個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案得出的事實(shí)有關(guān)。5)

4、 程序清單package 專(zhuān)家系統(tǒng)_v2;import java.awt.borderlayout;import java.awt.color;import java.awt.dimension;import java.awt.font;import java.awt.event.actionevent;import java.awt.event.actionlistener;import java.util.arraylist;import javax.swing.jbutton;import javax.swing.jframe;import javax.swing.jlabel;impo

5、rt javax.swing.jpanel;import javax.swing.jscrollpane;import javax.swing.jtextarea;import javax.swing.border.lineborder;public class mainframe extends jframe/* * 主界面類(lèi) * param args */public static void main(string args) mainframe main = new mainframe();main.myshow();private void myshow() exe = new exe

6、cution();exe.init();this.settitle(exe.expert_name+專(zhuān)家系統(tǒng));this.setsize(380, 250);this.setdefaultcloseoperation(3);this.setresizable(false);this.setlocationrelativeto(null);this.setlayout(new borderlayout();jpanel jp_center = new jpanel();jp_center.setbackground(color.white);jp_center.setpreferredsize(

7、new dimension(380,250);jp_center.setlayout(null);jl = new jlabel();jl.settext(請(qǐng)回答下列問(wèn)題:);jl.setfont(new font(font.dialog,font.bold,25);jl.setforeground(color.blue);jl.setbounds(10, 10, 200, 30);jta=new jtextarea();jscrollpane js=new jscrollpane(jta);jta.seteditable(false);jta.setborder(new lineborder

8、(color.black);jta.setlinewrap(true);jta.setfont(new font(font.dialog,font.bold,20);js.setbounds(20, 50, 330, 100);jb1 = new jbutton(yes);jb1.setbounds(100, 170, 60, 30);jb1.addactionlistener(l);jb2 = new jbutton(no);jb2.setbounds(200, 170, 60, 30);jb2.addactionlistener(l);jp_center.add(jl);jp_center

9、.add(js);jp_center.add(jb1);jp_center.add(jb2);this.add(jp_center,borderlayout.center);problem=this.initproblem();this.setvisible(true);private problem initproblem()for(int i=0;blems.size();i+)problem problem = blems.get(i);if(problem.getpremise()=null|problem.getpremise().isistrue()i

10、f(problem.getpremise()!=null)problem.getpremise().setistrue(false);jta.settext(problem.getcontext();blems.remove(problem);return problem;jb1.setenabled(false);jb2.setenabled(false);return null;private execution exe;private jbutton jb1,jb2;private jtextarea jta ;private jlabel jl;private probl

11、em problem;private action l = new action();class action implements actionlistenerpublic void actionperformed(actionevent e) if(yes.equals(e.getactioncommand()if(null!=problem.getanswer_yes()problem.getanswer_yes().setistrue(true);else if(no.equals(e.getactioncommand()system.out.println(aaa);if(null!

12、=problem.getanswer_no()system.out.println(aaa);problem.getanswer_no().setistrue(true);exe.allreasoning();problem=initproblem();if(problem=null)arraylist facts=exe.start();string result=;for(int i=0,n=1;ifacts.size();i+)string des = facts.get(i).getdescribe();if(!null.equals(des)result+=i+1+.+des+n;n

13、+;jl.settext(推理結(jié)果如下：);jta.settext(result);jb1.setenabled(false);jb2.setenabled(false);return;package 專(zhuān)家系統(tǒng)_v2;import java.io.file;import java.io.ioexception;import java.io.unsupportedencodingexception;import .urldecoder;import java.util.arraylist;import java.util.hashmap;import javax.swing.joptionpan

14、e;import javax.xml.parsers.documentbuilder;import javax.xml.parsers.documentbuilderfactory;import javax.xml.parsers.parserconfigurationexception;import org.w3c.dom.document;import org.w3c.dom.element;import org.w3c.dom.nodelist;import org.xml.sax.saxexception;public class execution public boolean in

15、it()try this.initxml(this.getpath(); catch (parserconfigurationexception e) e.printstacktrace(); catch (saxexception e) this.exit(e.getmessage(); catch (ioexception e) e.printstacktrace(); catch (nullpointerexception e)this.exit(找不到相應(yīng)的xml文件，請(qǐng)檢查xml文件名是否符合規(guī)范);return false;private void initxml(string f

16、ile) throws parserconfigurationexception, saxexception, ioexceptiondocumentbuilderfactory dbf = documentbuilderfactory.newinstance();documentbuilder builder = dbf.newdocumentbuilder();document doc=null;trydoc = builder.parse(new file(file);catch(exception e)this.exit(e.getmessage();element root = do

17、c.getdocumentelement(); / 獲取根元素expert_name=root.getattribute(name); /取得名字/獲取事實(shí)factnodelist allfacts = root.getelementsbytagname(facts);nodelist onefacts = (element)allfacts.item(0).getelementsbytagname(fact);for(int i=0;ionefacts.getlength();i+)element onefact = (element)onefacts.item(i);fact fact =

18、 new fact();tryfact.setname(onefact.getelementsbytagname(name).item(0).getfirstchild().getnodevalue();fact.setdescribe(onefact.getelementsbytagname(describe).item(0).getfirstchild().getnodevalue();catch(nullpointerexception e)this.exit(fact中缺少相應(yīng)標(biāo)簽);facts.put(fact.getname(), fact);/獲取推理reasoningnodel

19、ist allreasonings = root.getelementsbytagname(reasonings);nodelist onereasonings = (element)allreasonings.item(0).getelementsbytagname(reasoning);for(int i=0;ionereasonings.getlength();i+)element onereasoning = (element)onereasonings.item(i);reasoning reasoning = new reasoning();nodelist reasons = o

20、nereasoning.getelementsbytagname(reason);if(reasons.getlength()=0)this.exit(reasoning中不可以缺少reason標(biāo)簽);for(int j=0;jreasons.getlength();j+)string name=reasons.item(j).getfirstchild().getnodevalue();if(facts.get(name)!=null)reasoning.getreason().add(facts.get(name);elsethis.exit(reason標(biāo)簽內(nèi)容不正確，沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)事實(shí));n

21、odelist results = onereasoning.getelementsbytagname(result);if(results.getlength()=0)this.exit(reasoning中不可以缺少result標(biāo)簽);for(int j=0;jresults.getlength();j+)string name=results.item(j).getfirstchild().getnodevalue();if(facts.get(name)!=null)reasoning.getresult().add(facts.get(name);elsethis.exit(resu

22、lt標(biāo)簽內(nèi)容不正確，沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)事實(shí));reasonings.add(reasoning);/獲取問(wèn)題problemnodelist allproblems = root.getelementsbytagname(problems);nodelist oneproblems = (element)allproblems.item(0).getelementsbytagname(problem);for(int i=0;ioneproblems.getlength();i+)element oneproblem = (element)oneproblems.item(i);problem probl

23、em = new problem();problem.setcontext(oneproblem.getelementsbytagname(context).item(0).getfirstchild().getnodevalue();tryproblem.setpremise(facts.get(oneproblem.getelementsbytagname(premise).item(0).getfirstchild().getnodevalue();catch(exception e)tryproblem.setanswer_yes(facts.get(oneproblem.getele

24、mentsbytagname(answer_yes).item(0).getfirstchild().getnodevalue();catch(exception e)tryproblem.setanswer_no(facts.get(oneproblem.getelementsbytagname(answer_no).item(0).getfirstchild().getnodevalue();catch(exception e)problems.add(problem);public void allreasoning()boolean proceed=true;while(proceed

25、)proceed=false;for(reasoning reasoning:reasonings)reasoning.startreasoning();if(reasoning.startreasoning()proceed=true;public arraylist start()/this.allreasoning();arraylist reallyfacts = new arraylist();for(fact fact:facts.values()if(fact.isistrue()reallyfacts.add(fact);return reallyfacts;private v

26、oid exit(string passage)joptionpane.showmessagedialog(null, passage);system.exit(0);/查找當(dāng)前路徑private string getpath()string mypath=null;try mypath=urldecoder.decode(execution.class.getprotectiondomain().getcodesource().getlocation().getfile(), utf-8); catch (unsupportedencodingexception e) e.printstac

27、ktrace();string path=mypath.substring(1,mypath.lastindexof(/)+1)+xml/配置文件.xml;return path;public hashmap facts = new hashmap ();public arraylist reasonings = new arraylist();public arraylist problems = new arraylist();public string expert_name;package 專(zhuān)家系統(tǒng)_v2;/* * 存放事實(shí)的類(lèi) * author liguanyi * */public

28、 class fact private string name; /名字private boolean istrue=false; /是否成立private string describe; /事實(shí)相應(yīng)表述public string getname() return name;public void setname(string name) = name;public boolean isistrue() return istrue;public void setistrue(boolean istrue) this.istrue = istrue;public strin

29、g getdescribe() return describe;public void setdescribe(string describe) this.describe = describe;package 專(zhuān)家系統(tǒng)_v2;import java.util.arraylist;/表示推理public class reasoning private arraylist reason = new arraylist(); /前提事實(shí)private arraylist result = new arraylist(); /結(jié)果事實(shí)public arraylist getreason() retu

30、rn reason;public void setreason(arraylist reason) this.reason = reason;public arraylist getresult() return result;public void setresult(arraylist result) this.result = result;public boolean startreasoning()if(reason.size()=0)return false;for(fact fact:reason)if(!fact.isistrue()return false;for(fact

31、fact:reason)fact.setistrue(false);for(fact fact:result)fact.setistrue(true);return true;package 專(zhuān)家系統(tǒng)_v2;public class problem private fact premise;private string context;private fact answer_yes; /結(jié)果private fact answer_no; /結(jié)果public fact getpremise() return premise;public void setpremise(fact premise)

32、 this.premise = premise;public string getcontext() return context;public void setcontext(string context) this.context = context;public fact getanswer_yes() return answer_yes;public void setanswer_yes(fact answeryes) answer_yes = answeryes;public fact getanswer_no() return answer_no;public void setanswer_no(fact answerno) answer_no = answerno;以下是xml文件（保存事實(shí)庫(kù)和規(guī)則庫(kù)）中部分內(nèi)容fact1咳嗽fact2胸痛fact3盜汗 fact4食欲不振 fact5消瘦 fact