高二語文配套練習(xí) 2.4 樂民之樂憂民之憂（新人教版選修《先秦諸子選讀》） Word版含解析

1、四、樂民之樂,憂民之憂一、夯基訓(xùn)練1.下列句中不含通假字的一項(xiàng)是()a.時日害喪,予及女偕亡b.景公說,大戒于國c.王嘗語莊子以好樂d.蓋徵招角招是也答案:c解析:a項(xiàng),害,通“曷”,何日,何時;b項(xiàng),說,通“悅”;d項(xiàng),招,同“韶”。2.下列句中加點(diǎn)詞語的意義與現(xiàn)代漢語相同的一項(xiàng)是()a.夫何使我至于此極也b.直好世俗之樂耳c.兄弟妻子離散d.無非事者答案:b解析:b項(xiàng),古今同義,世俗。a項(xiàng),古義:到。今義:表示達(dá)到某種程度;表示另提一事。c項(xiàng),古義:指妻子兒女。今義:男女兩人結(jié)婚后,女子是男子的妻子。d項(xiàng),古義:沒有,不是。今義:意為“只、不外乎”。3.下列各組句子中的加點(diǎn)詞意義和用法相同

2、的一項(xiàng)是()a.則齊國其庶幾乎吾王庶幾無疾病與b.先王無流連之樂、荒亡之行惟君所行也c.暴未有以對也孟子對曰d.賢者亦樂此乎樂酒無厭謂之亡答案:c解析:a項(xiàng),近似、差不多;或許,表示希望或推測。b項(xiàng),名詞,行為;動詞,做。c項(xiàng),都是動詞,回答。d項(xiàng),形容詞的意動用法,以為樂;動詞,喜歡。4.從詞類活用的角度看,下列句中加點(diǎn)詞的用法與例句相同的一項(xiàng)是()例句:述職者,述所職也a.樂酒無厭謂之亡b.庶民子來c.賢者而后樂此d.憂民之憂者,民亦憂其憂答案:a解析:例句,職,名詞用作動詞,履行職守。a項(xiàng),酒,名詞用作動詞,喝酒;b項(xiàng),子,名詞作狀語,像兒子一樣;c項(xiàng),樂,形容詞的意動用法,以為樂;d項(xiàng)

3、,憂,形容詞的意動用法,以為憂愁。5.下列各句的文言句式與例句相同的一項(xiàng)是()例句:樂以天下,憂以天下a.吾王不游,吾何以休b.今王鼓樂于此c.不得而非其上者,非也d.從獸無厭謂之荒答案:b解析:例句和b項(xiàng)均為狀語后置;a項(xiàng)是賓語前置;c、d兩項(xiàng)是判斷句。二、課內(nèi)閱讀6.閱讀下面的文字,完成第67題。孟子對曰:“賢者而后樂此,不賢者雖有此,不樂也。詩云:經(jīng)始靈臺,經(jīng)之營之。庶民攻之,不日成之。經(jīng)始勿亟,庶民子來。王在靈囿,麀鹿攸伏;麀鹿濯濯,白鳥鶴鶴。王在靈沼,於牣魚躍。文王以民力為臺為沼,而民歡樂之,謂其臺曰靈臺,謂其沼曰靈沼,樂其有麋鹿魚鱉。古之人與民偕樂,故能樂也。湯誓曰:時日害喪,予及

4、女偕亡!民欲與之偕亡,雖有臺池鳥獸,豈能獨(dú)樂哉?”(孟子梁惠王上)下列句中加點(diǎn)詞的解釋有錯誤的一項(xiàng)是()a.不賢者雖有此雖:連詞,雖然b.謂其臺曰靈臺謂:稱,叫c.古之人與民偕樂偕:副詞,一同d.時日害喪害:通“曷”,何日,何時答案:a解析:a項(xiàng),雖:連詞,即便,即使。7.把下列句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語。(1)庶民攻之,不日成之。(2)民欲與之偕亡,雖有臺池鳥獸,豈能獨(dú)樂哉?答案:(1)百姓筑作,不到一天就把它筑成了。(2)人民要跟夏桀同歸于盡,(他)縱然擁有臺池鳥獸,難道能獨(dú)自享受到快樂嗎?8.閱讀下面的文字,完成第810題。齊宣王見孟子于雪宮。王曰:“賢者亦有此樂乎?”孟子對曰:“有。人不得,則

5、非其上矣。不得而非其上者,非也。為民上而不與民同樂者,亦非也。樂民之樂者,民亦樂其樂。憂民之憂者,民亦憂其憂。樂以天下,憂以天下,然而不王者,未之有也?！拔粽啐R景公問于晏子曰:吾欲觀于轉(zhuǎn)附、朝儛,遵海而南,放于瑯邪。吾何修而可以比于先王觀也?晏子對曰:善哉問也!天子適諸侯曰巡狩;巡狩者,巡所守也。諸侯朝于天子曰述職;述職者,述所職也。無非事者。春省耕而補(bǔ)不足,秋省斂而助不給。夏諺曰:“吾王不游,吾何以休?吾王不豫,吾何以助?一游一豫,為諸侯度?！苯褚膊蝗弧熜卸Z食,饑者弗食,勞者弗息。睊睊胥讒,民乃作慝。方命虐民,飲食若流。流連荒亡,為諸侯憂。從流下而忘反謂之流,從流上而忘反謂之連,從獸無厭

6、謂之荒,樂酒無厭謂之亡。先王無流連之樂、荒亡之行。惟君所行也。景公說,大戒于國,出舍于郊,于是始興發(fā)補(bǔ)不足。召大師曰:為我作君臣相說之樂。蓋徵招角招是也。其詩曰:畜君何尤?畜君者,好君也?！?孟子梁惠王下)下列句中加點(diǎn)詞的解釋有誤的一項(xiàng)是()a.吾欲觀于轉(zhuǎn)附觀:游覽b.遵海而南遵:遵照c.吾何修而可以比于先王觀也修:從事某種活動d.春省耕而補(bǔ)不足省:視察答案:b解析:b項(xiàng),遵:沿著。9.下列各句中加點(diǎn)詞的意義和用法相同的兩項(xiàng)是()a.人不得,則非其上矣b.無非事者c.不得而非其上者,非也d.為民上而不與民同樂者,亦非也答案:cd解析:a項(xiàng),動詞,責(zé)備,非難;b項(xiàng),副詞,不是;c、d兩項(xiàng)都是形容

7、詞,錯誤的,不對的。10.把下列句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語。(1)人不得,則非其上矣。(2)大戒于國,出舍于郊,于是始興發(fā)補(bǔ)不足。答案:(1)百姓得不到(這種快樂),就會責(zé)怪、非難他們的君王。(2)在國都內(nèi)大力做準(zhǔn)備,出去住在都城之郊,從此開始派人開倉取糧來救濟(jì)貧困的百姓。三、延伸閱讀11.閱讀下面的文言文,完成第1113題。齊宣王問曰:“文王之囿方七十里,有諸?”孟子對曰:“于傳有之。”曰:“若是其大乎?”曰:“民猶以為小也?！痹?“寡人之囿方四十里,民猶以為大,何也?”曰:“文王之囿方七十里,芻蕘者往焉,雉兔者往焉。與民同之,民以為小,不亦宜乎?臣始至于境,問國之大禁,然后敢入。臣聞郊關(guān)之內(nèi),有囿

8、方四十里,殺其麋鹿者如殺人之罪。則是方四十里為阱于國中,民以為大,不亦宜乎?”(孟子梁惠王下)下列句中加點(diǎn)詞的解釋不正確的一項(xiàng)是()a.若是其大乎是:表判斷,與現(xiàn)代漢語用法相同b.與民同之同:動詞,共同享用c.不亦宜乎宜:應(yīng)該,合乎情理d.芻蕘者往焉往:前往答案:a解析:a項(xiàng),是:指示代詞,這樣。12.下列對文章有關(guān)內(nèi)容的分析與原文不一致的一項(xiàng)是()a.孟子認(rèn)為,文王之囿方圓七十里,百姓還嫌太小,是因?yàn)椤芭c民同之”,因此受到百姓擁護(hù)支持。b.孟子認(rèn)為,齊宣王的園林比文王的小很多,卻遭到百姓的反對,是因?yàn)辇R宣王不能與民同樂,限制百姓進(jìn)入。c.齊宣王在園林中設(shè)置陷阱,阻止民眾進(jìn)入,遭到民眾反對。d

9、.孟子借與齊宣王的對話,論述與民同樂的道理,只有與民同樂才能得到民眾的支持。答案:c解析:c項(xiàng)表述與原文不一致,原文中“為阱于國中”是一種比喻的說法,說齊宣王制定種種規(guī)矩,使園林就像在都城之中設(shè)置的陷阱一樣。13.把下列句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語。(1)文王之囿方七十里,有諸?(2)民以為大,不亦宜乎?答案:(1)聽說周文王的園林方圓七十里,真的有這回事嗎?(2)百姓覺得它太大,不也同樣合乎情理嗎?參考譯文:齊宣王問道:“聽說周文王的園林方圓七十里,真的有這回事嗎?”孟子回答:“在史書上有這樣的記載?！?宣王)問:“真這樣的話不是太大了嗎?”(孟子)說:“可百姓還嫌它太小呢!”(宣王)說:“我的園林才

10、方圓四十里,可百姓還覺得太大,這是為什么呢?”(孟子)說:“文王的園林方圓七十里,割草砍柴的人可以隨便去,捕禽獵獸的人也可以隨便去,是與百姓共享的場所。百姓嫌它小,不是很自然的嗎?我剛到達(dá)(齊國的)邊境時,問清國家的重大禁令以后,才敢入境。我聽說在國都的郊野有方圓四十里的園林,(如果有誰)殺死了那里的麋鹿,就跟殺死了人同罪。那么,這方圓四十里的園林,簡直就成了國內(nèi)設(shè)置的陷阱,百姓覺得它太大,不也同樣合乎情理嗎?”qcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum3

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