新人教版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)精編版

1、Unit 1 Whats the matter?一、詢問(wèn)某人的健康問(wèn)題及遇到麻煩的表達(dá)方法 二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的用法 一、 詢問(wèn)某人的健康問(wèn)運(yùn)及遭到麻煩的表達(dá)方法 (1)詢問(wèn)某人患了何種疾病或遇到了何種麻煩時(shí)，常用以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)：Whats the matter (with sb)?（某人）怎么了？ Whats wrong (with sb)?（某人）怎么了？ Whats the trouble (with sb)?（某人）出什么事了？ What happened (to sb)?（某人）發(fā)生了什么事？ Are you OK?你沒(méi)事吧？ Is there anything wrong

2、 with sb.？某人有什么事嗎？(2)要表達(dá)身體疼痛或不舒服，可用以下結(jié)構(gòu)：某人+have/has+病癥 某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache. 某人+have/has+a+sore+發(fā)病部位 某人+hurt(s)+身體部位或反身代詞 某部位+hurt(s). 某人+have/has+a pain+in ones+身體部位。 (There is)something wrong with ones+身體部位 二 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的用法 1Should為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“應(yīng)該；應(yīng)當(dāng)”，否定式為shouldn

3、t，其后接動(dòng)詞原形，無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化。常用來(lái)表示征詢意見(jiàn)、建議、勸告、要求或義務(wù)等。2Should用于主語(yǔ)為第一人稱的疑問(wèn)句，表示征詢意見(jiàn)。【拓展】在英語(yǔ)中，表示建議：Would you like (to do) sth？= feel like doing 想要愿意（做）某事嗎？ Shall I/we do sth ?做好嗎？ Why not do sth ?= why dont you do sth ?為什么不呢？ How/What about doing sth ?做某事怎么樣？ Lets do sth讓我們做吧。 。 had better (not) do sth最好（不）要做某事。 U

4、nit 2 Ill help clean up the city parks動(dòng)詞不定式A. 作主語(yǔ)B. 作賓語(yǔ)C. 作（后置）定語(yǔ)D. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)E. 動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ) F. 固定句式A. 作主語(yǔ)為避免句子的頭重腳輕，常用it作為形式主語(yǔ)，而真正的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式后置。 常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth.It takes sb. some time to do sth. B.作賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞want,decide,hope,ask,agree,choose,learn,plan,need,teach,prepare，等后常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。常用形

5、式：V.+todosth.C. 作（后置）定語(yǔ)常用形式：have/hassth.to doenough名詞to doIts time to do sth.D. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call，等可接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常用形式：tell/ask/want/call/invitesb.todosth.【注意】動(dòng)詞不定式作使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)省去to:一感(feel)二聽(tīng)(listen to, hear)三讓(let, make, have)五看(look at, see, watch, notice，obs

6、erve)半幫助(help)E. 動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ) 主要用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞，表示目的，結(jié)果或原因。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的，有時(shí)可以把動(dòng)詞不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “為了，目的是”。常用結(jié)構(gòu): too + adj./adv. + to do sth.F. 固定句式had better (not) do sth.Would you like to do sth.?Why not do sth.?Would you please (not) do sth.?Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?Could you pl

7、ease.?句型（1）請(qǐng)求別人時(shí)通常用此句型.用could在語(yǔ)氣上更委婉、客氣、誠(chéng)懇。 （2）對(duì)could you/I.?的問(wèn)句作出回答 肯定：sure/certainly/of course 否定：sorry或oh,please dont （3）表示請(qǐng)求的句式： Would you like to do.? Would you mind doing.? Lets do. Shall I/we do.? Please do.(祈使句前加please) 比較：could you please.和 could I Please.前者是請(qǐng)求別人幫忙后者是有禮貌地向別人請(qǐng)求允許Unit 4 Why d

8、ont you talk to your parents?一、提建議向別人發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)，請(qǐng)求，建議，或征求某人的意見(jiàn)的其他表達(dá)方式：How /what about doing sth.?怎么樣？ Youd better (not) do something.最好（不）做某事 Would you like sth ?想要Lets do sth? What should I do ? 二、until, so that ,although引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句：1.在帶有till或until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句里，如果主句用肯定式，表示“一直到時(shí)”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如果主句用否定式，表示“直到才”, 謂

9、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用短暫性動(dòng)詞。 2.so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句（“為了，以便”）3.although相當(dāng)于though（“盡管，雖然”），引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came？ 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were(not)+動(dòng)詞-ing 比較：一般過(guò)去時(shí)VS過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法的:一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。區(qū)別 ：when&while 1.由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；2.由while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

10、，主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。3.如果從句和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，兩句都用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候，多用while引導(dǎo)。eg: the teacher came in, we were talking. we were talking, the teacher came in. They were singing we were dancing. whenwhilewhilePracticing TimeReview of Units 6-10Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains1. unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句 2.as soon as引

11、導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句3. so.that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 1. unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句 unless = if not 除非，若不 eg:They will go tomorrow unless it rains. =2. as soon as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 （就） They will go tomorrow if it doesnt rains.eg:Hewillcomeandseeyouassoonashecan.3. so.that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 句型1：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+so+形容詞/副詞+that從句eg:The wind was so strong that we could har

12、dly move forward. 句型2： so +形容詞 + a/an + 單數(shù)名詞 + that從句 eg:It was so hot a day that they all went swimming. 句型3. so + many/ few + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + that從句 eg:He has so few friends that he often feels lonely. 句型4： so +much/ little + 不可數(shù)名詞 + that 從句 eg:I had so little money that I couldnt buy a pen. Unit 7 Whats t

13、he highest mountain in the world? 形容詞副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)（一）原級(jí)句型：1. A is as+原級(jí)+ as+ B 表示A 與B一樣 注意：只能修飾原級(jí)的詞有very，quite，so，too，so, enough, pretty等 2.Aisnotas/so+原級(jí)+asB表示A不如B（二）比較級(jí)句型 1.當(dāng)句中有than 時(shí)則用比較級(jí)。 2.當(dāng)句子中的比較對(duì)象為兩者時(shí)用比較級(jí)：“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+形容詞比較級(jí)，A or B？” eg: Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？ 3. “比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”表示“

14、越來(lái)越“ 注意：加more構(gòu)成比較級(jí)的形容詞則用more and more +形容詞表示越來(lái)越 4. “the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”表示“越，越”。5.“A+be+the+形容詞比較級(jí)+ofthetwo+”表示“A是兩者中較的”。6.A+be+形容詞比較級(jí)+than+anyother+單數(shù)名詞(+介詞短語(yǔ))“表示“A比同一范圍的任何一個(gè)人/物都”，含義是“A最”。Eg.TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.=TheYangtzeRiveristhelongestriverinChina.（三）最高級(jí)常用句型結(jié)構(gòu) 1“主語(yǔ)+be+th

15、e+形容詞最高級(jí)+單數(shù)名詞+in/of短語(yǔ)”表示“是中最的”。eg: Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students. . 2“主語(yǔ)+be+one of the+形容詞最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+in/of短語(yǔ)”表示“是中最之一” eg：Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 【注意】形容詞最高級(jí)之前要加the，但當(dāng)最高級(jí)之前有形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格時(shí)則不用加the eg: He is the best student in my class He is my best friend.

16、3“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+the+最高級(jí)+A，B，orC？”用于三者以上eg:Whichisthebiggest?Themoon,thesunortheearth?4.“the+序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí)+單數(shù)名詞+范圍”表示是第幾大（）eg:TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.（四）形容詞副詞的規(guī)則與不規(guī)則變化 規(guī)則變化1.一般在詞尾直接加er或est;eg:tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest2.以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞在詞尾直接加r或st;eg:nice-nicer-nicest3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，

17、把y變?yōu)閕，再加er或est;eg:heavy-heavier-heaviest4.重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母，再加er或est，eg.big-bigger-biggest5.部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞分別在原級(jí)前加more構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和most構(gòu)成最高級(jí);eg:slowly-moreslowly-mostslowly；beautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good/well better best bad/badly/ill worse worstmany/much more mostlittleless lea

18、st far farther farthest further furthestold older Oldest(無(wú)血緣關(guān)系的)elder eldest（有血緣關(guān)系）Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?Unit 10 Ive had this bike for three years.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。2）表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。（與since+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+一段時(shí)間，since+時(shí)間段+a

19、go,sofar等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用）3）基本結(jié)構(gòu)及句型轉(zhuǎn)換：肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+done否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+done一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志常與just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)。 eg: Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my homework. for + 時(shí)間段；since + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)；since + 時(shí)間 段+ago；since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子。

20、 eg: They have known each other for five years. Since he was a child, he has lived in England.has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的區(qū)別 Have/Has gone(to) :去了還沒(méi)回來(lái)（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作）Eg.：-Where is your father？ -He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去過(guò)已經(jīng)回來(lái) Eg.：My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：待了多久（強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)狀態(tài)） Eg.：My father has been in Shanghai for two months. =My father has been in Shanghai since two months ago. 【注意】短暫性動(dòng)詞（buy, die, join, finish等）不能直接與for, since 連用， 需要改變動(dòng)詞。begin(start)be onleavebe away(from) openbe o