基于虛擬儀器的信號(hào)發(fā)生器的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)翻譯

1、學(xué) 號(hào)：200712020110hebei united university畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)翻譯（漢譯英）學(xué)生姓名： 專業(yè)班級(jí)： 學(xué) 院： 指導(dǎo)教師： 2011年06月08日河北聯(lián)合大學(xué)信息工程學(xué)院原 文1、虛擬儀器的產(chǎn)生背景當(dāng)今我們處于一個(gè)正在高度發(fā)展的信息社會(huì)，要求在有限的時(shí)空上實(shí)現(xiàn)大量信息的交換，必然帶來(lái)信息密度的急劇增大，要求電子系統(tǒng)對(duì)于信息的處理速度越來(lái)越高，功能越來(lái)越強(qiáng)，這使得系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)日趨復(fù)雜。一方面電子技術(shù)及市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展從客觀上要求測(cè)試儀器向自動(dòng)化及柔性化的方向發(fā)展，另一方面，電子技術(shù)及市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展也給虛擬儀器的產(chǎn)生提供了可能。在這種形式下，基于微計(jì)算機(jī)的虛擬儀器逐步變得現(xiàn)實(shí)，它的出現(xiàn)和廣

2、泛使用為測(cè)試系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)提供一個(gè)極佳的模式，并且使工程師們?cè)跍y(cè)量和控制方面得到強(qiáng)大功能和靈活性。2虛擬儀器的概念虛擬儀器(virtual instrument，簡(jiǎn)稱vi)的概念是由美國(guó)國(guó)家儀器公司(ni)在20世紀(jì)80年代最早提出的。虛擬儀器就是在以通用計(jì)算機(jī)為核心的硬件平臺(tái)上，由用戶設(shè)計(jì)定義、具有虛擬前面板、測(cè)試功能由測(cè)試軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)的一種計(jì)算機(jī)儀器系統(tǒng)。其核心的思想是利用計(jì)算機(jī)的強(qiáng)大資源使本來(lái)需要硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)的技術(shù)軟件化，以便最大限度地降低系統(tǒng)成本，增強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)功能與靈活性。虛擬儀器代表著從傳統(tǒng)硬件為主的測(cè)試系統(tǒng)到以軟件為中心的測(cè)試系統(tǒng)的根本性轉(zhuǎn)變。虛擬儀器的出現(xiàn)是儀器發(fā)展史上的一場(chǎng)革命，代表著儀器發(fā)展

3、的最新方向和潮流，對(duì)科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的進(jìn)步將產(chǎn)生不可估量的影響。虛擬儀器具有性能高、擴(kuò)展性強(qiáng)、開(kāi)發(fā)時(shí)間短、無(wú)縫集成等優(yōu)勢(shì)。3. 圖形化虛擬儀器開(kāi)發(fā)平臺(tái)labview 簡(jiǎn)介及其優(yōu)勢(shì)labview是laboratory virtual instrument engineering workbench (實(shí)驗(yàn)室虛擬儀器集成開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境)的簡(jiǎn)稱，是由美國(guó)國(guó)家儀器公司(national instruments, in)創(chuàng)立的一個(gè)功能強(qiáng)大而又靈活的儀器和分析應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)工具。labview一種圖形化的編程語(yǔ)言，主要用來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)采集，儀器控制及數(shù)據(jù)處理分析等軟件，功能強(qiáng)大。目前，該開(kāi)發(fā)軟件在國(guó)際測(cè)試、測(cè)控行

4、業(yè)比較流行，在國(guó)內(nèi)的測(cè)控領(lǐng)域也得到廣泛應(yīng)用。函數(shù)信號(hào)發(fā)生器是在科學(xué)研究和工程設(shè)計(jì)中廣泛應(yīng)用的一種通用儀器。labview軟件開(kāi)發(fā)平臺(tái)具有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn): 1、圖形化的編程方式，設(shè)計(jì)者無(wú)需寫任何文本格式的代碼，是真正的工程師的語(yǔ)言。2、提供了豐富的數(shù)據(jù)采集、分析及存儲(chǔ)的庫(kù)函數(shù)。3、既提供了傳統(tǒng)的程序調(diào)試手段，如設(shè)置斷點(diǎn)、單步運(yùn)行，同時(shí)提供有獨(dú)到的高亮執(zhí)行工具，使程序動(dòng)畫式運(yùn)行，利于設(shè)計(jì)者觀察程序運(yùn)行的細(xì)節(jié)，使程序的調(diào)試和開(kāi)發(fā)更為便捷。4、32bit的編譯器編譯生成32bit的編譯程序，保證用戶數(shù)據(jù)采集、測(cè)試和測(cè)量方案的高速執(zhí)行。5、囊括了daq, gpib, pxi, vxi, rs-232/485在

5、內(nèi)的各種儀器通信總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的所有功能函數(shù)，使得不懂總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的開(kāi)發(fā)者也能夠驅(qū)動(dòng)不同總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)接口設(shè)備與儀器。6、提供大量與外部代碼或軟件進(jìn)行連接的機(jī)制，諸如dll(動(dòng)態(tài)連接庫(kù))、dde(共享庫(kù))、activex等。7、強(qiáng)大的internet功能，支持常用網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議，方便網(wǎng)絡(luò)、遠(yuǎn)程測(cè)控儀器的開(kāi)發(fā)。 圖形化程序設(shè)計(jì)編程簡(jiǎn)單、直觀、開(kāi)發(fā)效率高。隨著虛擬儀器技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，圖形化的編程語(yǔ)言必將成為測(cè)試和控制領(lǐng)域內(nèi)最流行的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。4. 虛擬儀器的發(fā)展方向虛擬儀器作為新興的儀器儀表，其優(yōu)勢(shì)在于用戶可自行定義儀器的功能和結(jié)構(gòu)等，且構(gòu)建容易、轉(zhuǎn)換靈活，它已廣泛應(yīng)用于電子測(cè)量、聲學(xué)分析、故障診斷、航天航空、機(jī)械工程、

6、建筑工程、鐵路交通、生物醫(yī)療、教學(xué)及科研等諸多方面。隨著計(jì)算機(jī)軟硬件技術(shù)、通信技術(shù)及網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，給虛擬儀器的發(fā)展提供了廣闊的天地，國(guó)內(nèi)外儀器界正看中這個(gè)大市場(chǎng)。測(cè)控儀器將會(huì)向高效、高速、高精度和高可靠性以及自動(dòng)化、智能化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的方向發(fā)展。開(kāi)放式數(shù)據(jù)采集標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將使虛擬儀器走上標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、通用化、系列化和模塊化的道路。虛擬儀器作為教學(xué)的新手段，已慢慢地走進(jìn)了電子技術(shù)的課堂和實(shí)驗(yàn)室，正逐漸改變著電子技術(shù)教學(xué)的傳統(tǒng)模式，這也是現(xiàn)代教育技術(shù)發(fā)展的必然。在電工電子實(shí)驗(yàn)室的建設(shè)中，實(shí)驗(yàn)室常規(guī)設(shè)備有的已經(jīng)老化，有的技術(shù)上有些落后，在當(dāng)前學(xué)校經(jīng)費(fèi)較少的情況下，如果配置常規(guī)儀器、儀表，學(xué)校財(cái)力難以支付，也不符合目

7、前學(xué)校的實(shí)際。而且，隨著測(cè)試儀器的數(shù)字化、計(jì)算機(jī)化的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，傳統(tǒng)測(cè)試儀器漸漸有被取代的趨勢(shì)。如果運(yùn)用虛擬儀器技術(shù)，以微機(jī)為基礎(chǔ)，構(gòu)建集成化測(cè)試平臺(tái)，代替常規(guī)儀器、儀表，不但滿足電工電子實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)的需要，而且將這批微機(jī)可作為其他有關(guān)計(jì)算機(jī)課程教學(xué)用機(jī)，大大提高了設(shè)備利用率，降低了實(shí)驗(yàn)室建設(shè)的成本。當(dāng)前應(yīng)該解決的是如何使虛擬儀器和現(xiàn)有儀器配合，挖掘現(xiàn)有儀器的潛力，達(dá)到逐步淘汰和取代傳統(tǒng)儀器的目的。總之，虛擬儀器有很廣闊的發(fā)展空間，并最終要取代大量的傳統(tǒng)儀器成為儀器領(lǐng)域的主流產(chǎn)品，成為測(cè)量、分析、控制、自動(dòng)化儀表的核心。5.信號(hào)發(fā)生器概述信號(hào)發(fā)生器(signal generator)又稱信號(hào)源或振蕩

8、器，是一種能提供各種頻率、波形和輸出電平電信號(hào)，常用作測(cè)試的信號(hào)源或激勵(lì)源的設(shè)備。在生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐和科技領(lǐng)域中有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。隨著現(xiàn)代電子、計(jì)算機(jī)和信號(hào)處理等技術(shù)的發(fā)展，極大促進(jìn)了數(shù)字化技術(shù)在電子測(cè)量?jī)x器中的應(yīng)用，使原有的模擬信號(hào)處理逐步被數(shù)字信號(hào)處理所代替，從而擴(kuò)充了儀器信號(hào)的處理能力，提高了信號(hào)測(cè)量的準(zhǔn)確度、精度和變換速度，克服了模擬信號(hào)處理的諸多缺點(diǎn)，數(shù)字信號(hào)發(fā)生器隨之發(fā)展起來(lái)。傳統(tǒng)的信號(hào)發(fā)生器其功能完全靠硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)，功能單一而且用戶的購(gòu)置、維護(hù)費(fèi)用高。更重要的是，對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)的信號(hào)發(fā)生器，其功能一旦確定便不能更改，用戶要想使用新的功能則必須重新購(gòu)買新的儀器，傳統(tǒng)信號(hào)發(fā)生器的不足是顯而易見(jiàn)的。虛擬儀

9、器是將儀器技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、總線技術(shù)和軟件技術(shù)緊密的融合在一起，利用計(jì)算機(jī)強(qiáng)大的數(shù)字處理能力實(shí)現(xiàn)儀器的大部分功能，打破了傳統(tǒng)儀器的框架，形成的一種新的儀器模式。譯 文1、the generation background of virtual instrumenttodaywearein ahighly developedinformation society, which require a limited time and space to achieve a largeamount of informationexchange, inevitably bring aboutthe rap

10、idincrease ofinformation density，required the electronic systems have a faster speed and more powerful function for information processing. on the one hand the development of electronic technologyand marketrequirements objectively make the testinstrument develop tothe direction ofautomation andflexi

11、ble, on the other hand, the electronic technology andmarket developmentalsomake virtual instrument possible. in this situation, the virtual instruments based on micro-computer gradually become a reality, its appearance and extensively use provide an excellent model for the design of test system and

12、allows engineers more powerful and flexible in measure and control.2、the concept ofvirtual instrumentvirtual instruments (virtual instrument, referred to as vi) concept is first proposed by the national instruments (ni) in 1980s . the virtual instrument is a kind of computer equipment system which b

13、ased on the general purpose computer as the core hardware platform, defined by the user with a virtual front panel, the test function is performed by a computer testing software. the core idea is to use a powerful computer resources that would otherwise require hardware to software of the technology

14、 in order to minimize system cost, enhance system functionality and flexibility. the virtual instrument represents the fundamental changes from traditional hardware-based test system to software-centric test system. the emergence of virtual instrument is a revolution in the history of instruments, i

15、t represents the latest development direction and trend of instrument, produced an immeasurable influence on the development of science and technology and industrial production progress. virtual instrument have many advantages, such as high performance, scalability, strong, development time is short

16、 and seamless integration.3、graphicalvirtual instrument development platform-labview introduction and its advantages labview is short for laboratory virtual instrument engineering workbench, it is a powerful and flexible instrumentation and analysis of application development tool created by nationa

17、l instruments (national instruments, in) 。labview is a graphical programming language, mainly used to develop data acquisition, instrument control and data processing and analysis software. currently, the development of software is popular in the international test, measurement and control industry

18、, measurement and control areas in the country has also been widely used. function generator is a generic instrument widely used in scientific research and engineering design。labview software development platform has the following advantages：1. it use graphical programmingapproach, the designerdo no

19、t need towrite anycode intext format, it is the true language ofengineers.2. it provides a wealth ofdata collection, analysisand storageof thelibrary functions.3. provides both the traditional debugging tools, such as setting breakpoints, single step, while providing a unique tool for highlighting t

20、he implementation of that program to run the animation style, which will help designers to observe the details of running, so that debugging and development of more is convenient.4. the32bit compilergenerates32bits compiled program to ensure thatuser dataacquisition,test andmeasurement solutionsforh

21、igh-speed implementation.5. include the functions of the communication bus in daq, gpib, pxi, vxi, rs-232/485 and other kind of equipment, making the developer who do not know the different bus stand can driver the interface devices and instruments 6. provide a substantial amount of code or software

22、 for connecting external mechanisms, such as dll (dynamic link library), dde (shared libraries), activex and so on.7. powerful internet capabilities, support for common network protocols to facilitate networking , remote monitoring and control equipment development.graphical program programmingis si

23、mple and intuitive, the developmentand high efficiency.withthe continuous development ofvirtual instrumentationand graphical programming language,test and controlareaswill becomethe mostpopulartrends.4、the development direction of virtual instrument as a new instruments, the advantage of the virtual

24、 instruments is that user-defined functions and structure of the instrument, and easy to build, conversion flexible it has been widely used in electronic measurement, acoustic analysis, fault diagnosis, aerospace, mechanical engineering, construction engineering, railway transportation, biomedical,

25、and many other aspects of teaching and research. with the development of computer hardware and software technology, communications technology and network technology, providing a vast world of the development of the virtual instrument, chinese and foreign equipment sector is the large market. monitor

26、ing equipment will be the efficient, high-speed, high precision and high reliability, and automation, intelligence and network direction. open standards for data collection will put instrument on a standardized, universal, serial and modular way. the virtual instrument as a new teaching tool, has be

27、en slowly walked into the classroom and laboratory and is gradually changing the traditional mode of electronic technology teaching, which is the inevitable development of modern educational technology. in the construction of electric and electronic laboratory, some laboratory equipment have been co

28、nventional aging, some have technical backward, in the current school funds under the circumstances of less, if buy regular instrument and meter, it is difficult for the school to pay for it and it is not fit with the schools situation. moreover, with the test equipment digitalized, computerized tre

29、nd, the traditional test instruments have the trend been gradually replaced. if the virtual instrument technology, computer-based, building integrated test platform, instead of conventional instruments , meters, not only to meet the needs of electrical and electronic experimental teaching, and will

30、these computer courses on computer can be used as teaching other machines , greatly improving equipment utilization, reducing the cost of laboratory construction. the current should be addressed is how to make virtual instruments and existing instruments together, and tap the potential of existing e

31、quipment, to phase out and replace the traditional instrumentation . in short, the virtual instrument has a broad space for development, and ultimately to replace the large number of traditional instruments into the mainstream of the field instrumentation products, as measurement, analysis, control,

32、 automation instrument core.5、signal generatoroverviewsignal generator (signal generator), also known as signal source or oscillator, is a kind of equipment to provide a variety of frequency, waveform, and output level signal, the signal source used for testing or excitation. it has been widely usedin the science and technology and productionpractice. with the development of modern electronics, computers and signal processing technology, advancing digital technology in the application of electronic measuring instruments, so that the origina