寫作替換詞必備

1、1學生常用表達更得分的表達方式名詞1thi ngsthat on etrieshardtodoon es un dertaki ngs/o ne scommitme nts2thefactisthat therealityisthat3joyhappin ess/delight/enjoyme nt4sadnesssorrow/grief5dangerhazard/peril （后面這個詞語氣很強，危險程度非 同一般）7派生da ngerous; hazardous6educati on-schooli ng （指學校教育,家庭教育則用upbringing/parenting）區(qū)分家庭教育的兩

2、個詞 upbringing是從孩子的角度說的，比如childre n，supbringin g;而paren ti ng是從家長的角 度來 說， 比女口 sens ibleparent ing.7advertiseme nt/advertis ing如果你寫過關(guān)于廣告的題目，就一定體會過不停 輪換使advertisement/advertising多有即悶其 實主 體段論證中完全可以把廣告類細化，比如 commercial電視或者互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的廣告），flyers（傳單廣告，北京最常見的形式就是“135*, 辦證”）,billboards （大幅的廣告牌）或者non-p rofitadvertis

3、eme nts=p ublic-i nterestadvertis ements （公益廣告）8carautomobile9econo miccrisiseconomicme 11down （彳艮接近）/recession （這個 1般 僅僅還是衰退）/thegreatde pression （這個 則是特 指1929年開始的那次了）1 0famous peoplecelebrities (單數(shù)為 celebrity)11huma nbeings （備考生使用過多）humanity （注意這個詞的單數(shù)指人類，復數(shù)指 人 文學科）/thehumanrace12wealthfortu ne （s）

4、 （fortu nd乍財鬲的意思時可以加復 數(shù)）13相關(guān)richwealthy/afflue nt (adj.)14skillq tech nique注意這個詞的正確解釋是技能或者方 法，而不是tech no logy科技）15派生skilledade pt/adroit(adj.)16methodmethodology （國外學術(shù)與作中超級常用的詞，基本 就是method的故作圖深版）17fieldsp here/doma in/arena18un dersta ndin gofq gras po f/comma ndof19choiceop ti on20coop erati onzcol

5、laborati on21basicstructure in acityoraco untryin frastructure22tired nessforal on gtimefatigue23isamustofisaprerequisitefor （是的必備先決條件）24thel nternetthei nformatio nhighway 1 篇考生作文里in ternet被使用十幾次是常事兒）25hon estyzin tegrity26stro ngbelieffaith(i n)27aiminten tio n28worriesan xieties （是的,這兩個詞的確都可以加復數(shù)）

6、29in flue neeimp act/re percussio n/imp licatio n30in flue nceon eachothermutual influence (類似的表達還有 mutualres pect, mutualtrusfmutual un dersta nding/in teraction betwee naan db/i n terplaybetwee naandb31manydifferentkindsof avarietyof /awidearrayof/awidera ngeof32wron gideasheldbyma nypeoplemisc on

7、cep ti ons33famep restige/sterli ngrepu tati on34rangezsp ectrum35sensezrecog niti on36partcomp on e nt （這個詞不僅指零件，在學術(shù)與作中 也經(jīng)常指部分”37wise 相關(guān)sen sible(adj.)38gapdis parity39asystemfora particularpurposezamecha ni smfor4asoluti on tosth.aremedyforsth.（生活中經(jīng)常指種病的治療方0法，但學術(shù)寫作中經(jīng)常用來指某種問題的解決方 法，注意搭配的介詞不同）41bads

8、tude ntszunru lystude nts/disr up tivestude nts42badbehaviorun ethicalbehavior/immoralbehavior43orga ni zati on sthathe ippoorpeoplecharities/charitableorga ni zati ons44differe needisti nctio n45派生bediffere nt frombedisti nctfrom(adj.)46personin dividual47person alityzdis positi on48bus in essesent

9、erprises （這里指企業(yè)）49p rieesthataretoohighexorbita ntp rices50therateof the in cide nceof (后面一“般跟壞事兒,比如unemp loyme nt/crime/adisease51inten see nthusiasmzeal/passi on52eulturalglobalization （有過多人使用這 個 詞）globalculturalhomoge ni zati on53ath ing thatis necessaryan ecessity54athi ng thatis newa ndin teres

10、ti ngano velty55ath in gthatisrareararity56thi ngsthat peop leare no tsureaboutun certa in ties57aworldla ng uageauni versalla ng uage58frie ndscompanions59relaxati onzrecreati on60self-res pectse-festeema nddi gn ity61res pectsb. /sth.holdsb. /62反乂 lookdownon treat withcontempt=despise (v.)63self-c

11、 on trolself-discipli ne64crim inalconv ict65pris onerinm ate66drinksq alcoholicbeverages67peoplewhowalk on thestreetpedestria ns68oldge nerati onsin historyan cestors69v/yabe neficiaryofsth.70adiseasethats preadsquicklyanepidemic （注意這個詞雖然是-ic結(jié) 尾，卻不是形容詞）71avery unpl easa ntwayoflifemisery72ataskthat

12、requireslotsofeffortan arduoustask73emoti onzsen time nt74en emy“ opponent/foe75n arrowm indsinsularminds （狹隘的頭腦或者觀念）76awaytodosth.anapp roaehtodo in gsth. /a nave nu etowa dssth.77hobbye p astime/diversio n78p rogressprogression （經(jīng)常指抽象的進步,比如與關(guān)于 society/eareer/technology 的 話 題）79failuresetback （注意作名

13、詞的時候中間不要 加空格）80imp orta neesignificance （當你用 了 .次 imp orta nee之后，第二次不妨用這個）81dutyobligati on （用于比較重要的責任）82difficultyhindran ee/im pedime nt/hurdles83p ressurefromyourelassmatespeerp ressure84eitize nswhoca nworklaborforee/workforee （都是總體概 念， 而且注意后面這個詞的標準寫 法中間 沒有空格）85p roblemsordiseasesthatexistforalo

14、 ng timep ersiste ntp roblems/ehro niediseases86alifewithoutregularexereiseasede ntarylifestyle87resulteon seque nee （表示消極的結(jié)果更多 一些）88thoughtse con siderati ons89thelaekofk no wledgeignoran ee （注意在地道央文里，這個 詞經(jīng)常并不表示忽視”而是表示無知”90harm ( n.)adverseeffeet91harm (vt.)damagedestroy/ruin (這兩個詞比 damage 程度更重)spo

15、il (后面跟theeitysea pe/see nery/e nvir onmen) undermine (后面 跟抽象概念，比如stability/soeialorder/harm ony) jeopardize (后面跟抽象概念，比如one，sfuture/one飛career tarnish (后面跟one sreputation/image sap/dampen(后面跟on ese nthusiasm/i nterest/c on fide nee92派生harmfuldetrime ntal(adj.)93派生beharmfultoe p oseathreatto94badluck

16、misfort une95troubleadversity/di1emma/predicame nt/hards hip96crimeoffen se/crimi nalact97youthcrimee juve niledeli nquency98crimi naloffe nder/e cul prit/ e perp etrator99seriouscrimeheino uscrime/fe lony100amino rcrimeamisdemea nor101shortage(of)scarcity (of)/dearth(of)102the onlyonean exce pti on

17、103pl aceswherea ni malslivehabitat形容詞104worryi nge disturb ing形容詞105very popu larp revale nt/ubiquitous106truegenuin e (trulyage nuin ely)107dee pprofound (深刻的，后面經(jīng)常跟 wisdom/truths/un dersta ndi ng/im pact/thoug hts)108stro ngpo werful/mighty109weake vuln erable110hard-work ingin dustrious （注意不是 in

18、dustrial, 而 dilige nt那個詞在美語中是個挺大的詞）111verydisa ppointinglame ntable/pathetic112begood(for)bebe neficial(to)=bei nthebesti nterests (of)113beno tasgoodasbein feriorto114bebettertha nbes up eriorto115unin terest ingmundan （注意這個詞其實再美國很多時候并 不是 世俗的意思/humdrum116manynumerous （注意要跟口數(shù)名詞）117comp licatedin tri

19、cate118stra ngeodd/bizarre/ecce ntriq 單 weird 有點過于口 語化了)119canno tbetu rn edbackbeirreversible120produceusefulresultsproductive121practicale realistic122maturesoph isticated （這個詞指人的時候意思是 思維成熟老練的）123selfishself-ce ntered/materialistic124proud （貶義）con ceited125suitablefitt ing126mostsuitableoptimal127

20、ion ely 1 !128alonesolitary129beeasily in flue ncedbysth.besusce ptibletosth.(般是壞事情,比如adisease/attack)130isbettertha niss up eriorto131no tasgoodas isi nferiorto132bethesamebeide ntical/behomoge no us/be uniform （后 面 兩個詞比較正式，一般是說culturalglobalization的時候常用，現(xiàn)在理解 為什么校服的名詞叫schooluniformst吧,就 是讓大家都看起來一樣的

21、衣服）133in terest ingq stimulati ng134bori ngmonotono us/re petitive135uselessredu ndant136smartin tellige nt137famousrenowned138po sitivezdesirable/e ncourag ing139happydelighted140enjoyabledelightful141canbeusedbeavailable142hardto un dersta ndbewiideri ng/baffli ng/confusing143(laws/rules/people)no

22、 tstrictlen ie nt144healthywholesome （注意說人的健康還是要用 healthy,但是如果說事物有益健康，就 可 以用 wholesome）145goodforthee nvir onmenteco-friendly (.biki ngisfarmoreeco-frie ndlytha ndrivi ngthe irsuvs.)146n ervous/a nxiousapp rehe nsive147doubtsth.beske pticalaboutsth.148fairjustified149un fair音n warra nted/u niustifia

23、ble150hugeeno rmous/massive/vast/colossal151smalltiny/miniscule （后面一*般跟抽象名詞）152havema ny differe nt abilitiesbeversatile/bewell-r oun ded153befamiliarwithbewell-acqua in tedwith154verysuccessful/ad mirabledist in guished155properapprop riate156ty picalquintessential （這個語氣非常強）157exactprecise/“ accura

24、te158uglyunsightly159po or-qualitysubsta ndard(hous in g/accommodati on/work/goods/mach in es）160thepresent thecurrent/theexisting （比如thecurre ntfinan cialcrisis/theexisti ngen viro nm entalp roblems161outdatedan tiquated/obsolete162highly-res pectedesteemed163comp lete （adj. ） /wh oleen tire164spen

25、 dalotofm oneyleada nextravaga nt/alavishlife165openenlighted/progressive （開明的，逐步的，經(jīng) 常 用來形谷govern-men或者society ）166167withlo nghistorytime-honored （后面經(jīng)常跟抽象名詞,比如 traditio n/p ractice/methods/heritage168continuin gforeverperp etual169imp orta ntsig ni fica ntesse ntialvital （這二個詞的重要 性依次遞增）170veryattra

26、ctiveverya pp eali ng/fasc in ati ng/ca ptivat ing171verycarefulcautious172beveryi nterested inbeabsorbed in/bee ngrossed in173bequalifiedforbeeligiblefor174disa ppointingfrustrati ng175wrongerron eous176longan dabita nnoyi nglen gthy177verydifficultdaun ti ng/formidable178beingsp read inunco n trol

27、ledwayrampant （后面經(jīng)常跟負面現(xiàn)象，比如 crime, polluti on 或者 discrimi natio n）179cruelzin huma ne/merciless180fatoverweight/obes （后面這個已經(jīng)胖出?。?81hav ingwrongopini onsskewed/biase （這兩個詞一般在工elts媒體類話 題使用，表示有偏見的”182in clud in gma nythingscomprehensive （綜合的，全面的）183enoughadequate/sufficie nt/amp le/ab undant （注意這 四個詞的語

28、氣是逐漸遞增的）184toomuchexcessive185verylittleminimal （注意不是 minimum）186causebadeffectscounterproductive （其實地道英文與作里這 個 詞不見得和生產(chǎn)有關(guān)，只要阻止人們達 到目 的，者e 口j 以與它 counterproductive ）187strictstringent （后 面一般艮 laws, measure 或者 rules ）188urge ntp ress ing(p roblems)189quiettran quila ndsere ne （美語中這兩個詞經(jīng)?？诙?以連在一起用）動詞190

29、stre ngthe n/fortify/rei nforce/c on solidatesth.191weake n/erode (侵蝕)192enhance/better （很少看到國內(nèi)考生用better 當動詞，其實在學術(shù)與作中betters是挺 常 見的表達）193aggravate/exacerbatesth.194con trol (an egati etre nd)vcurb (crime/pollution/economicrecessions)195sto pcease196 managesth.regulatesth. /overseesth.197appearemerge

30、/arisr后者的主語一般是抽象概念，比 如 debate）198dieoutgoexti net199failtoseen eglect/overlook200set freerelease ( prison ers/stress)201begi ncomme nce/in itiate(后者跟抽象概念更 多，比如 initiatetheconflict)202n arrow/bridgethega pbe twee naan db (注意這里 bridge乍動詞)反乂 wide nthega pbetwee naandb203beforcedtodosth.beco mp elledtod

31、osth.204sgoal/o nescareer/busi ness in terests/ma mump rofit/hegem onv)206dosth.e perform/conducr 注意這里的 perform 不是 表演”而是從事”207dono tdosth.refrai nfromdoi ngsth.208carryoutimpleme nt209turn into convert to/into210decreasedecline/dwindle （特指逐漸緩慢的減 少） /dip/slip （后兩個詞用來指短促的下降）211makeacrimecommitacrime （

32、注意作乂中不要用makeacrime這樣不地道的央文）212commitacrimeaga inreverttocrime （這里的crime作不口j數(shù)名 詞）213punishpen alize214派生 ipuni shme ntpen alty215sp readpropagate/dissem in ate (這兩 個詞后 面經(jīng)常跟 information/ideas/belief 詞）216devel op fastflourish/thrive217develop （這里作培 養(yǎng)”的意思cultivate/foster/nurture （這二個詞后面 經(jīng)常跟和教育有關(guān)的名詞，比如a

33、nin teresti nsocialissues218相關(guān)fast-develo pingburge oning219acce ptado pt （注意這個詞不是ada p適應(yīng)，而 是接納，采納的意思）220buildcon struct221gathergarner,但這個詞只能用在很正式的意 思，而且略有貶義，比如garnerfundin g,gar nersupp ortduri ngtheunclimatec onferen ceatco pen hage n222measuregaugejb 匕 measure 稍正式一點223teachsth.imp artsth. /i ncu

34、lcatesth.（注意女口果 teach后面是人則不要替換）224startini tiate多用于政府類話題225supportespouse后面跟某種重要的事業(yè)，類 似的 還有動詞champion （作動詞不是冠軍的 意思了）和動詞sanction （它作名詞則 變成了制裁”226praisecomp lime nt/extol （后面這個語氣很強）227supportbuttress/bolster228pro ve/c onfirmverify229creategen erate （ 一1般是大規(guī)模的產(chǎn)生，比如 gen eratee mp loyme ntopportun ities

35、/ge ner atetaxreve nu e/electricity） breed （ 般是 產(chǎn)生消極的東西，比如conf lie t/crime/resentment ）spawn （ 般是產(chǎn)生新事物，比如spawninven ti ons/inno vati ons ）230usezutilize/ex pl oit231use aga inrecycle232workhardworkassiduously233getacquir （注意 acquire/gainknowledge 比 learnk no wledge在地道英文中更加 常見）234con sidercon templat

36、e/reflect on/pon der235meetencounter,多用于政府，文化或者success 樣偏大一些的話題236p rovidesth.affordsth.（在正式英文與作中，afford經(jīng)?？梢员硎咎峁?37n eedrequire （注意主語如果是人稱則一般還需 要使用need,但如果主語是事物，則可以改用require ）238zhavea naffin ityforsth. /haveastr on gattac hme nttosth.239beunhappyaboutcomplain about (v.)/bedisc onten dedwith( adj.

37、)240askforrequest241raiseelevate,就是正式版的raise,但只是 提 高而不能表示撫養(yǎng)小孩的意思242looklikesth.resemblesth.243treat poorlymistreat /abuse 244con sidersth.valuablevaluesth. /treasuresth. /cherishsth245kee pmaintain/preserv”這個 詞 后 面經(jīng)常跟 traditio ns/culturalheritage/wilda nimals/n aturalresource 等)246mix togetherble nd

38、/comb ine/syn thesize247solvetackle/combat/address248n oticediscer n249understand tomean /tobe -in terpretas艮多時候這個詞并不 是口譯，而是把理解為）250choosesth. /choosetodos th.op tforsth. / op ttodosth.251achievefulfill ( on e sdream/ on e,sgoal/on es poten tial/o ne sobligatio n/on es promise/o ne stask)252app eari

39、 nl arge nu mberssproutup/mushroom253make lessserio usrelieve/ease/alleviat 文中經(jīng)常用到的搭配 有 relievestress/alleviate po verty/easethetrafficc on gestion 等)254pay for (on eslo ss)compensate for 255pay -for(on e sef fort)reward 一 for 256acceleratesth. /s peed up sth.257joinp artici pate in258outweightpreva

40、ilover （大豕應(yīng)該已經(jīng)注意到，新托福 議論文的題目中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)outweight這個詞用 來 比較事物的重要性或者利弊，在作文中最好不 要重復考題中出現(xiàn)過的特征詞匯）259con tributetopromote/faciiitate （這兩個詞都是及物動詞，所以不需要跟to）260p reve ntthedevelopmentof hinder/impede/inhibit/obstru t261fin doutzide ntify262 263adoresth.264abhor/detest/loathe265haterese nt/holdagrudgeaga inst266limi

41、trestrict/c on strain267avoidq byp ass/eschew/sh un268isno tlimitedto-isn otrestrictedto/isnotconfin e (經(jīng)常用269besosur prisedbeast oni shed/beasto un ded/bestartled270decidedeterm ine271moveto relocateto /havebee nrelocatedto 272comefrom origi natefrom/i n273imp roveboost/enhance (比女 口 boostsolidarit

42、y 增進團結(jié) /enhancep roductivity 提 圖生廣，率)274wasteuselavishly275attackassail （語氣更強烈）276reducecurtail （多用于政府投資類話題）/diminish （多 用于文化類或者發(fā)展類中的抽象話題）277in creaseaugment （多用于政府投資類話題）278hel passist279hel p (n.)assista nee280setu pestablish281trytodosth.atte mp ttodosth.282tryhardtodosth.makeastre nu ous/a narduo

43、us/a pai nstaki ngeffortt odosth.283changealter284cha nge alotfun dame ntallycha nge/radicallycha ngesform 285solveaddress/combat286correct (vt.)rectify(amistake)287takedow ndemolish/raze （談到拆老建筑的時候常用）288obeyabideby/com pl ywith/co nformto(后面跟 thelaw/rules/regulati ons 等)289banban* altogether/strict

44、lyprohibit290criticizecondemn/denoun ce （這兩個詞一般用于政府 類話 題，但不要用在教育類）291in creaseshowa nup wardtre nd/be on theris 反 乂： showadow nwardtre nd292dependonhingeon=becontingenton (意思、是： 取決于.)293dependonrelyon （意思是：依靠.）294dealwithcop ewith295doon esbesttodos mit on eselftodoi ngsth. /strivetodosth./do

45、one sutmosttodosth. /s pareno efforttodosth.296use upexhaust (e nergy/resources)/stretch (resources)tol helimit297repo rtthedetailso fsth.298focusingon 299spendaonbdedicateatob300usetoomuch stretch tothelimit/pu tastrai non301pourdischarge (排放，環(huán)境類話題常用，比如 dischargechemicalwastei ntorivers, streamsa n

46、dla kes)302getusedtogetaccustomedto303dieoutgoexti net304con ti nu etoexistp ersist305comewith beattendedby/beiccompaniedby 306broade non eshor izonsexpandon soutlook/e nl arge on esvisi on( broade non e5 shorizo n這個句型已經(jīng)被考生使用過多 慘 遭貶值)307breakthelawviolatethelaw308in carceratesb.309makelawsaga ins tl

47、egislateaga inst310相關(guān)lawlegislation （名詞,注意law在特指具體的法律 時可以用復數(shù)，但是legislation不能用復數(shù)）311stimulate (后面經(jīng)常跟imagi natio n/creativity/i nterest/eco nomi cgrowth等詞匯)312make on esdream cometruefulfillo nes pote ntial/attai non esgoal313havetherighttodo sth.bee ntitledtodosth.314leadtocha ngeinactasacatalystfor(

48、hangein 315sticktoadhereto/cli ngto （注意后面這個有時候略帶貶 義）316dealwiththe needmeetthedema nd/satisfythe need317take awayfrom sb.（省略號中可以填入freedom/leisuretime/therighttc 等值得擁有的內(nèi) 容）318319getaclearideaofgetaclear persp ectiveof320belostgoastray （作文中如果寫青少年誤入歧途”， 就不要再寫getlost）321spen dtoomuchti meonbeaddictedto/

49、be preocc upi edwith/beobsessedw h （這 三個詞組的語氣越來越強）322prep arefor pavethewayfor vlaythegroundworkfor.olidfou ndatio nfor （為打好基石出）323breakthebala neeup setthebala nee324bala nceaa ndbstrikeabala ncebetwee naan db 在 a 和 b 之間爭取 一種平衡）325catchcap ture326thin kof asregard as/view as/perceive as327get rid o

50、felimi nate/remove328getridofabolish （多用于政府類話題，廢除）329make- higherdriveup （后 面經(jīng)常 thecrimerate/unemploymen trate330morea ndmore+a dj.increasingly+adj.但要注意如果后面不是adj.而是 nou n那么就可以用anin creas in gnu mberof （跟j 數(shù)名詞）/anin creas in gam oun tof （跟不可數(shù)名詞）來代 替副詞331main lyp rimarily/prin ci pally/chiefly332in th

51、eolddays,traditio nally,/historically,333nowcurre ntly334actually, e tech ni cally,（嚴格來說它的意思并不是 事 實上”，但在學術(shù)寫作中它是一個表示精確 地說”非常幫的詞語）335veryso onimmediately336no tofte natallrarely337completelyen tirely338339bli ndlyindiscriminately （不力口選擇的）/mechanically （機械的）340onlymerely （注意只有alittle/abit后面跟形谷詞的 時候才可以這樣替換）341alittle/abitsomewhat （注意只有alittle/abit后面跟形谷詞 的 時候才可以這樣替換）342main lyprimarily/pri ncipallv/chieflv短語&句子343aboutregard! ng/con cerni ng