選修六_unit3_a_healthy_life_period4__語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、 2012-2013學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高二選修六英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)學(xué)案 班級(jí)： 小組： 姓名： 主備人:盧寧祥 參備人： 張新望 魯鋒鋒 學(xué) 案 裝 訂 線 Book 6 Unit 3 A healthy life 語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)案Period 4【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】1. 通過(guò)自學(xué)語(yǔ)法精粹的內(nèi)容了解 it 的用法。2. 通過(guò)設(shè)置的習(xí)題練習(xí)掌握 it的用法 It 的用法語(yǔ)法精粹概述在英語(yǔ)中，it的使用相當(dāng)廣泛，它既可用作代詞，如人稱(chēng)代詞（personal it）、指示代詞（demonstrative it）及非人稱(chēng)代詞（impersonal it）, 也可用作引導(dǎo)詞（anticipatory it）和強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中的強(qiáng)調(diào)詞（emp

2、hatic it）it作代詞1、用作人稱(chēng)代詞（personal it）代替前文提到過(guò)的事物，it作真實(shí)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。The frog is not a warm-blooded animal. It is a cold-blooded one.青蛙不是溫血?jiǎng)游?，它是冷血?jiǎng)游?。My pen is missing. I cant find it anywhere. 我的筆丟了，我哪兒也找不到它了。I wont be back tonight. Please tell my wife about it .我今晚不回來(lái)了，請(qǐng)你向我妻子說(shuō)一聲。I was disappointed with the fil

3、m. I had expected it to be much better. 我對(duì)這部電影很失望，我曾盼望它更好。2、用作指示代詞（demonstrative it）相當(dāng)于this或that，it有時(shí)不特指某件東西，而代表前面已提到的或?qū)?huì)發(fā)生的某件事情。-Who is knocking at the door? 誰(shuí)在敲門(mén)？-Its me. 是我。I had a talk with the student. It was very helpful to her. 我和那個(gè)學(xué)生談了次話(huà)，對(duì)她非常有幫助。It happened during my stay in the United State

4、s. 事情發(fā)生在我在美國(guó)的時(shí)候。-Whose exercise book is that? 誰(shuí)的作業(yè)本？-Its his . 是他的。3、用作非人稱(chēng)代詞（impersonal it）代詞it可用來(lái)指除人以外的一切生物和事物，無(wú)陰陽(yáng)性之分?？芍笗r(shí)間、距離、度量、價(jià)值、自然現(xiàn)象（天氣、氣體、陰暗等）。-Whats the time? “幾點(diǎn)了？”-Its half past ten. “十點(diǎn)半”（指時(shí)間）It is late autumn now. 現(xiàn)在是深秋。（指時(shí)間）It is rather cold today, isnt it?今天很冷，是不是？（指天氣）-How far is it fr

5、om here to the station? 從這兒到車(chē)站有多遠(yuǎn)？-Its about two kilometers. -大約兩公里。（指距離）It is raining hard. 雨下得很大。（指自然現(xiàn)象）-Whats the cost of the dictionary? 那本詞典多少錢(qián)？It is sixty-three. 六十三元（指價(jià)值）It did not snow much last winter. 去年冬天雪下得不多。（指自然現(xiàn)象）it作引導(dǎo)詞1、作形式主語(yǔ)（formal subject）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式短語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，為了避免頭重腳輕，往往把主

6、語(yǔ)放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，習(xí)慣上用it作形式主語(yǔ)來(lái)指代后面的真實(shí)主語(yǔ)。這個(gè)it作形式主語(yǔ)，放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后的主語(yǔ)是真正的主語(yǔ)。(1) 代替不定式短語(yǔ)Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day? 國(guó)慶節(jié)前完成這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)有必要么？In fact, it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.事實(shí)上，在重要的足球比賽時(shí)，警察維持秩序很困難。Its not easy to finish the work in two days.

7、兩天之內(nèi)完成這個(gè)工作不容易。It is necessary to use a short-wave radio.使用短波收音機(jī)很有必要。It is not a good habit to stay up late.開(kāi)夜車(chē)不是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。（2）代替動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。It is dangerous walking on thin ice.在薄冰上行走是危險(xiǎn)的。It wont be any help my going with you.我跟你去也沒(méi)什么幫助。Is it any good trying again?再試一

8、次有用嗎？（3）代替主語(yǔ)從句It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.事實(shí)上，英語(yǔ)是公認(rèn)的國(guó)際語(yǔ)言。It is a pity that you didnt go to see the movie.你沒(méi)去看這個(gè)電影， 真是可惜。Has it been decided when we are to hold the sports meet?我們啥時(shí)候開(kāi)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)決定了沒(méi)有？It is known to all that Christopher Columbus discovered America

9、in 1492.眾所周知，克里斯托夫哥倫布于1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。Does it matter if he cant finish the job on time?如果他不能按時(shí)完成那工作要緊嗎？2、作形式賓語(yǔ)(formal object)當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，往往把賓語(yǔ)放在它的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的后面，而把引導(dǎo)詞it放在全句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的中間。放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后面的賓語(yǔ)叫真正賓語(yǔ)，放在全句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中間的it叫形式賓語(yǔ)。（1）it代替不定式短語(yǔ)I dont think it possible to master a foreign langua

10、ge without much memory work. 我認(rèn)為不進(jìn)行大量的記憶學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是不可能的。He feels it his duty to help others.他感到幫助別人是他的職責(zé)。She found it very difficult to answer the question.她發(fā)現(xiàn)很難回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。People in the west make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.西方國(guó)家的人們習(xí)慣為他們的親戚朋友買(mǎi)圣誕禮物。The little boy found it

11、 very interesting to study English.那小男孩發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)英語(yǔ)很有趣。(2）it代替動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)I think it no use telling them.我認(rèn)為告訴他們沒(méi)用。Do you consider it necessary sending more people over?你覺(jué)得再派一些人去有必要嗎？We think it a waste arguing with him.我們認(rèn)為和他爭(zhēng)吵是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。(3)it代替從句I hate it when people talk with their mouths full我討厭人們說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)嘴里吃東西。The

12、y want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.他們想向公眾表明，他們所做的工作既重要又有必要。We think it necessary that we (should) attend the meeting.我們認(rèn)為我們?nèi)⒓幽莻€(gè)會(huì)議很有必要。They found it strange that no one would take the money.他們感到奇怪，誰(shuí)也不要這筆錢(qián)。it用在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中當(dāng)我們要強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一部分（通常總是主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)）時(shí)，常用強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式

13、為“it is (was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+who(that)+句子的其它成分”。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，it無(wú)實(shí)際意義It was Xiaoming whom(that)I met in the street last night.It was in the street that I met Xiaoming last night.It ws last night that I met Xiaoming in the street.It was I who met Xiaoming in the street last night.2、含有“It is ”的句型（1）It is time (for s

14、b.) to do sth.It is (high) time that sb. did sth.(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)（2）It is + 形容詞（+of / for sb.）+ to do sth.通常用of的詞有brave、clever、careful、hopeless、kind、good、naughty、nice、silly、stupid、foolish、wise等。（3）It is + 形容詞 + that + sb. + (should) do sth.（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）能用于這個(gè)句型的形容詞有strange、wonderful、natural、good、proper、right、wrong、we

15、ll、fortunate、important、necessary、useless、likely、probable、impossible等。有時(shí)可省去should而直接用動(dòng)詞原形。如：It is important that we should pay close attention to grain.It is natural that he（should）say so.（4）It is/was + 時(shí)間 + since 從已多久了。It is three years since I met him in Beijing.It was a long time since I (had) lived in that small mountain village with these farmers.（注意兩句中的時(shí)態(tài)）It is five months since I arrived in New York.我到紐約已經(jīng)五個(gè)月了。It is five months since I was in New York.我離開(kāi)紐約已經(jīng)五個(gè)月了。（注意：終止性動(dòng)詞表示從動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)算起；如果是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞或持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則從動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起。）（8）It is + 時(shí)間 + before 這個(gè)句型和上面句型中時(shí)間都是時(shí)間段，如long、years、months、weeks、five days、