選修六_unit3_a_healthy_life_period4__語法導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、 2012-2013學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高二選修六英語導(dǎo)學(xué)案 班級： 小組： 姓名： 主備人:盧寧祥 參備人： 張新望 魯鋒鋒 學(xué) 案 裝 訂 線 Book 6 Unit 3 A healthy life 語法導(dǎo)學(xué)案Period 4【學(xué)習目標】1. 通過自學(xué)語法精粹的內(nèi)容了解 it 的用法。2. 通過設(shè)置的習題練習掌握 it的用法 It 的用法語法精粹概述在英語中，it的使用相當廣泛，它既可用作代詞，如人稱代詞（personal it）、指示代詞（demonstrative it）及非人稱代詞（impersonal it）, 也可用作引導(dǎo)詞（anticipatory it）和強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中的強調(diào)詞（emp

2、hatic it）it作代詞1、用作人稱代詞（personal it）代替前文提到過的事物，it作真實主語或賓語。The frog is not a warm-blooded animal. It is a cold-blooded one.青蛙不是溫血動物，它是冷血動物。My pen is missing. I cant find it anywhere. 我的筆丟了，我哪兒也找不到它了。I wont be back tonight. Please tell my wife about it .我今晚不回來了，請你向我妻子說一聲。I was disappointed with the fil

3、m. I had expected it to be much better. 我對這部電影很失望，我曾盼望它更好。2、用作指示代詞（demonstrative it）相當于this或that，it有時不特指某件東西，而代表前面已提到的或?qū)l(fā)生的某件事情。-Who is knocking at the door? 誰在敲門？-Its me. 是我。I had a talk with the student. It was very helpful to her. 我和那個學(xué)生談了次話，對她非常有幫助。It happened during my stay in the United State

4、s. 事情發(fā)生在我在美國的時候。-Whose exercise book is that? 誰的作業(yè)本？-Its his . 是他的。3、用作非人稱代詞（impersonal it）代詞it可用來指除人以外的一切生物和事物，無陰陽性之分。可指時間、距離、度量、價值、自然現(xiàn)象（天氣、氣體、陰暗等）。-Whats the time? “幾點了？”-Its half past ten. “十點半”（指時間）It is late autumn now. 現(xiàn)在是深秋。（指時間）It is rather cold today, isnt it?今天很冷，是不是？（指天氣）-How far is it fr

5、om here to the station? 從這兒到車站有多遠？-Its about two kilometers. -大約兩公里。（指距離）It is raining hard. 雨下得很大。（指自然現(xiàn)象）-Whats the cost of the dictionary? 那本詞典多少錢？It is sixty-three. 六十三元（指價值）It did not snow much last winter. 去年冬天雪下得不多。（指自然現(xiàn)象）it作引導(dǎo)詞1、作形式主語（formal subject）當主語是動詞不定式短語、動詞的-ing形式短語和主語從句時，為了避免頭重腳輕，往往把主

6、語放在謂語動詞之后，習慣上用it作形式主語來指代后面的真實主語。這個it作形式主語，放在謂語動詞后的主語是真正的主語。(1) 代替不定式短語Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day? 國慶節(jié)前完成這個設(shè)計有必要么？In fact, it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.事實上，在重要的足球比賽時，警察維持秩序很困難。Its not easy to finish the work in two days.

7、兩天之內(nèi)完成這個工作不容易。It is necessary to use a short-wave radio.使用短波收音機很有必要。It is not a good habit to stay up late.開夜車不是個好習慣。（2）代替動詞-ing形式短語It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。It is dangerous walking on thin ice.在薄冰上行走是危險的。It wont be any help my going with you.我跟你去也沒什么幫助。Is it any good trying again?再試一

8、次有用嗎？（3）代替主語從句It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.事實上，英語是公認的國際語言。It is a pity that you didnt go to see the movie.你沒去看這個電影， 真是可惜。Has it been decided when we are to hold the sports meet?我們啥時候開運動會決定了沒有？It is known to all that Christopher Columbus discovered America

9、in 1492.眾所周知，克里斯托夫哥倫布于1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。Does it matter if he cant finish the job on time?如果他不能按時完成那工作要緊嗎？2、作形式賓語(formal object)當復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式短語、賓語從句時，往往把賓語放在它的補足語的后面，而把引導(dǎo)詞it放在全句謂語動詞和賓語補足語的中間。放在賓語補足語后面的賓語叫真正賓語，放在全句謂語動詞和賓語補足語中間的it叫形式賓語。（1）it代替不定式短語I dont think it possible to master a foreign langua

10、ge without much memory work. 我認為不進行大量的記憶學(xué)好英語是不可能的。He feels it his duty to help others.他感到幫助別人是他的職責。She found it very difficult to answer the question.她發(fā)現(xiàn)很難回答這個問題。People in the west make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.西方國家的人們習慣為他們的親戚朋友買圣誕禮物。The little boy found it

11、 very interesting to study English.那小男孩發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)英語很有趣。(2）it代替動詞-ing形式短語I think it no use telling them.我認為告訴他們沒用。Do you consider it necessary sending more people over?你覺得再派一些人去有必要嗎？We think it a waste arguing with him.我們認為和他爭吵是浪費時間。(3)it代替從句I hate it when people talk with their mouths full我討厭人們說話時嘴里吃東西。The

12、y want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.他們想向公眾表明，他們所做的工作既重要又有必要。We think it necessary that we (should) attend the meeting.我們認為我們?nèi)⒓幽莻€會議很有必要。They found it strange that no one would take the money.他們感到奇怪，誰也不要這筆錢。it用在強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中當我們要強調(diào)句子的某一部分（通?？偸侵髡Z，賓語或狀語）時，常用強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式

13、為“it is (was)+被強調(diào)的部分+who(that)+句子的其它成分”。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，it無實際意義It was Xiaoming whom(that)I met in the street last night.It was in the street that I met Xiaoming last night.It ws last night that I met Xiaoming in the street.It was I who met Xiaoming in the street last night.2、含有“It is ”的句型（1）It is time (for s

14、b.) to do sth.It is (high) time that sb. did sth.(虛擬語氣)（2）It is + 形容詞（+of / for sb.）+ to do sth.通常用of的詞有brave、clever、careful、hopeless、kind、good、naughty、nice、silly、stupid、foolish、wise等。（3）It is + 形容詞 + that + sb. + (should) do sth.（虛擬語氣）能用于這個句型的形容詞有strange、wonderful、natural、good、proper、right、wrong、we

15、ll、fortunate、important、necessary、useless、likely、probable、impossible等。有時可省去should而直接用動詞原形。如：It is important that we should pay close attention to grain.It is natural that he（should）say so.（4）It is/was + 時間 + since 從已多久了。It is three years since I met him in Beijing.It was a long time since I (had) lived in that small mountain village with these farmers.（注意兩句中的時態(tài)）It is five months since I arrived in New York.我到紐約已經(jīng)五個月了。It is five months since I was in New York.我離開紐約已經(jīng)五個月了。（注意：終止性動詞表示從動作發(fā)生時算起；如果是狀態(tài)動詞或持續(xù)性動詞，則從動作或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時算起。）（8）It is + 時間 + before 這個句型和上面句型中時間都是時間段，如long、years、months、weeks、five days、