考研英語歷年閱讀理解真題精析--1998年part2

1、考研英語歷年閱讀理解真題精析 -1998 年 part2Part TwoWell, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for rea

2、l.The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year

3、, which is more than twice the 1978 87 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, sa

4、ys, a disjunction between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace all thatre engineering and downsizing - are only one contribution to the overall produc

5、tivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing

6、productivity: switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people sup

7、pose.Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much re engineering has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, s

8、ays that far too many companies have applied re engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long term profitability.BBDOs Al Rosenshine is blunter.He dismisses a lot of the work of re engineering consultants as mere rubbish - the worst sort of ambula

9、nce cashing.5. According to the author, the American economic situation is .A) not as good as it seemsB)at its turning pointC) much better than it seems D)near to complete recovery6. The official statistics on productivity growth .A) exclude the usual rebound in a business cycleB) fall short of busi

10、nessmensanticipationC)meet the expectation of business people D)fail to reflect the true state of economy7. The author raises the question what about pain without gain? because .A) he questions the truth of no gain without painB) he does not think the productivity revolution worksC) he wonders if th

11、e official statistics are misleadingD) he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses8. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?A Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.BNew ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.CT

12、he reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long term profitability.D The consultants are a bunch of good for nothings.Unit 5 1998 Part2重點(diǎn)詞匯：1.assume v. 假定；承當(dāng)；呈現(xiàn) 。 Optimism assumes, or attempts to prove, that the universe exists to please us, and pessimism that it exists to displease us. 樂觀主 義假定

13、或企圖證明宇宙存在是為了使我們快樂；悲觀主義那么假定或企圖證明那是為了使我們 不快樂。2ump團(tuán)塊；使成團(tuán)塊 。An overdose of praise is like ten lumps of sugar in coffee;only a very few people can swallow it.過量的贊揚(yáng)有如在咖啡里放了十塊糖，只有極少數(shù)的人能咽得下去。3. acceleration加速；加速度即 ac+celer+ation, ac-加強(qiáng)前綴，celer 詞根速度 ，-ation名詞后綴；反義詞為deceleration 減速J de向下+celer+ation 。4. rebou

14、nd v.n.反彈J re 反 +bound 跳。5. evidenee 證據(jù)，跡象即 e+vid+enee , e- =ex- ,vid 詞根看=vis 女口 visible vis+ible t可見的，-enee名詞后綴，能看出來的東西宀證據(jù)。Growth is the only evidenee oflife. 成長是生命的證明。 Poverty of speech is the outward evidence of poverty of mind. 言語的貧乏是心智貧乏的表現(xiàn)。6. treasury 寶庫，國庫即 treasur e +y， treasure n. 財(cái)寶 v. 珍愛，

15、 -y 表地方 ，the most important treasure of the society.名言集和格言集是社會最可貴的財(cái)富。7. disjunction ?n. 別離，分裂即 dis+junction ，dis- 否認(rèn)前綴， junction n. 連接，連接處。8. anecdote 趣聞，軼事9. profitability收益率即 profit+ability , profit v.n.收益，-ability 名詞后綴；profitability - the sovereign criterion of the enterprise有利可圖 - 企業(yè)的至高無上的準(zhǔn)那么。10

16、.ineptly 不相宜地；無能地即 in+ept+ly , in-否認(rèn)前綴，ept =apt 適宜的，-ly 副詞后綴。11. revenue 財(cái)政收入；稅收J(rèn) re+venue，另可記 avenue 林蔭道；途徑J a+venue。Economy is of itself a great revenue.節(jié)約本身就是一大筆收入。12. blunt ? 率直的；鈍的；使鈍。13. consultant參謀即 consult+ant ， consult v. 商量；查詢 ， -ant 表 人 。難句解析： What is harder to establish is whether the p

17、roductivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.這個(gè)句子的主語和表語都是從句。 主語是 what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句， 表語是 whether 引導(dǎo)的狀 語表語從句。在表語從句中，主語是 the productivity revolution ，核心句是 Whether the productivity revolution is for real ，其中 productivity revolution 后面跟了一個(gè) that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，這個(gè)從句中的主語是businessm

18、en，謂語是assume,后面跟一個(gè)賓語從句，而 that 所替代的 productivity resolution就是這個(gè)賓語從句中 over 這個(gè)介詞的賓語。理解這個(gè)句子的關(guān)鍵在于要弄清其中環(huán)環(huán)相套的從句關(guān)系，就是 revolution 后面 that 引導(dǎo) 的定語從句，以及從句中assume后面的賓語從句，這樣就找出preside over的賓語其實(shí)就是 productivity revolution 。 The trouble is that Part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual reboundthat occurs a

19、t this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence ofa revival in the underlying trend.這個(gè)句子有一個(gè)很長的表語從句，由 that 引導(dǎo)。從句中有兩個(gè)分句，中間用 and so 連接。 第一個(gè)分句中又有一個(gè) that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句， 修飾的是 rebound ，第二個(gè)分句的主語與第一 個(gè)分句的主語一樣，都是 Part of the recent acceleration。這樣我們可以得到這個(gè)句子的主干局部： The trouble is that Part of accel

20、eration is due to rebound, and is not conclusive evidence.理解這個(gè)句子的關(guān)鍵在于要清楚表語從句中第一個(gè)分句所套的修飾rebound 的定語從句，再者就是第二個(gè)分句的主語與第一個(gè)分句的主語一致，并注意conclusive 的意思。 There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a disjunction between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the p

21、icturereflected by the statistics.理解這個(gè)句子先要找出它的核心句： There is a disjunction between the mass and thepicture ，中間的人名及其職位可以當(dāng)作插入語。 between 后面的名詞帶有一個(gè) that 引導(dǎo)的 定語從句，修飾的是 business anecdote ， that 在這個(gè)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖侵髡Z； and 后面的名 詞 the picture 后面跟的是過去分詞 reflected ，表示的是一種被動(dòng)關(guān)系。找出 betwee n 禾口 and 的賓語(分另 U是 the mass of bus

22、 in ess an ecdote 禾口 the picture reflectedby the statistics )，這個(gè)句子就容易理解了。 New ways of organizing the workplace - all that re-engineering and downsizing -are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment an

23、d machinery, newtechnology, and investment in education and training.這個(gè)句子看似龐大，分析之下就簡單了。先找出核心句： New ways are one contribution ， 再來看其它局部： new ways 后面 of organizing the workplace 限定了 new ways 的內(nèi)容； 破折號之間的局部是進(jìn)一步說明 new ways of organizing the workplace 的一些具體內(nèi)容； contribution 后面的 to 接的是名詞賓語，這之后有一個(gè) which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾的是 前面的名詞an economy。在這個(gè)定語從句中by后面的賓語是factors ，后面的such as跟隨的三個(gè)名詞短語就是列舉的內(nèi)容。找出主干句之后就不會受到長句所造成的混亂影響，關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚contribution to 后面的內(nèi)容，尤其是 which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾的是 economy。 His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in