虛擬語(yǔ)氣13屆

1、動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣 陳述語(yǔ)氣 祈使語(yǔ)氣 虛擬語(yǔ)氣陳述事實(shí)或就事實(shí)提出詢問(wèn)，廣泛應(yīng)用于陳述句和疑問(wèn)句中僅用于祈使句中，表示說(shuō)話人向多方提出請(qǐng)求、勸告或命令。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、想象或與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。If there were no subjunctive mood, English would be much easier.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)一一 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句（非真實(shí)條件句中）的結(jié)構(gòu)虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句（非真實(shí)條件句中）的結(jié)構(gòu) 虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞用were）主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+should/

2、would/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might +have+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+were to+動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形原形If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+should+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：If I were you, I would not agree with what he said.如果我是你，我就不同意他說(shuō)的。If she hadnt

3、been ill, she might have come.如果她不是病了，她可能會(huì)來(lái)的。If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him some questions.如果李教授明天有空的話，我們可以問(wèn)他點(diǎn)兒?jiǎn)栴}。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)*使用虛擬條件句時(shí)要注意的幾點(diǎn)使用虛擬條件句時(shí)要注意的幾點(diǎn)1.當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為從句表示的行為和主句主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。例句：If you had my advice just now(過(guò)去)，

4、you would be better now（現(xiàn)在）.如果剛才你聽(tīng)從我的建議，現(xiàn)在你就會(huì)好得多了。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)2.在If引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中，if可以省略，但需用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。*如果if從句中含有had, should或were時(shí)，可把它們提到主語(yǔ)之前，并省略if，而且省略if的從句一般置于主句之前。例句：Were I at school again，I would study harder.如果我能再回到學(xué)校，我會(huì)更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)。Had he been warned, he would not have taken that food.Should the earth stop turni

5、ng, what would happen?注意：若省略的條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí)，不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。如：我們可以說(shuō)：Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now.但不能說(shuō)：Werent it for the expense，I would go abroad now.。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)3.含蓄條件句有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而用without, but for等或連詞otherwise等表示一種含蓄條件(but, otherwise，but for, but that, without, fo

6、r fear that(唯恐唯恐)，if only(要是要是就好就好了）了）知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully.如果不是聽(tīng)了你的建議，我就不會(huì)做得如此成功She would have said no. But that she was afraid.要不是她害怕的話，她就會(huì)說(shuō)“不”了。 Without electricity human life would be quite different today.The change could not have taken place w

7、ithout the open policy.I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I would have helped you.我昨天很忙，不然的話，我會(huì)幫助你的。If only I had more money, I could buy the apartment.要是我有更多的錢(qián)，我就會(huì)買這套公寓了。（表示現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的一種愿望，（表示現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的一種愿望，if only后用動(dòng)詞過(guò)后用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)）去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)）知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)If you _ the bus, we _ their concert in the thea

8、tre now.A. miss; are enjoyingB. didnt miss; are enjoyingC. had not missed; would be enjoyingD. had not missed; were enjoying【解析解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故用had not missed；主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，故用would be，故選C。【答案答案】C知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)You finally passed the exam, didnt you?Yes, but for your help, I _ .A. would succe

9、edB. wouldnt succeedC. would have succeededD. wouldnt have succeeded【解析解析】句意為：你終于考及格了，是嗎？是的，但要不是你的幫助，我不會(huì)成功的。would do表示與現(xiàn)在的情況相反的假設(shè)；would have done表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。根據(jù)句意，可知表示的是與過(guò)去的情況相反的假設(shè)，而且應(yīng)該使用否定形式，選D?！敬鸢复鸢浮緿知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)My God! I just missed the bus.Thats too bad. You _ it if you had set out a bit earlier.A.

10、 should have caughtB. had caughtC. would have caughtD. could catch【解析解析】句意為：天哪！我剛剛錯(cuò)過(guò)了公共汽車。太糟糕了，如果你能早一點(diǎn)動(dòng)身，就能趕上公共汽車了。should have done表示本應(yīng)該做；had done用在條件句中，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)；would have done用在主句中，可表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)；could do可表示與現(xiàn)在情況相反的假設(shè)。由句意可知，所填的空為主句的謂語(yǔ)且表示與過(guò)去情況相反的假設(shè)，故應(yīng)使用would have done?！敬鸢复鸢浮緾知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)I wish I had

11、 not done this terrible thing.我希望我當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)做這可怕（糟糕）的事。I wish she were with us to share the joy.我多么希望她與我們?cè)谝黄鸱窒砜鞓?lè)。Wish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法歸納拓展以上兩句都是wish后賓語(yǔ)從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。(1)wish后跟后跟一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)（be動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞用were的形式）表示的形式）表示對(duì)當(dāng)前對(duì)當(dāng)前存在存在的事實(shí)的一種不切合實(shí)際的想法。的事實(shí)的一種不切合實(shí)際的想法。(2)wish后跟后跟過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示，表示以前以前發(fā)生的一種憾事

12、。發(fā)生的一種憾事。(3)wish后跟后跟would/could+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形，表示在，表示在主語(yǔ)的愿望之后發(fā)生主語(yǔ)的愿望之后發(fā)生的事情。的事情。例句：I wish I knew what was going to happen.但愿我知道將要發(fā)生什么事。I wish I had succeeded in the interview.我希望當(dāng)時(shí)在面試中成功了。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】I wish I _ to talk this over with Mr Zhang when he was here last night.A. had been ableB. should be

13、ableC. have been ableD. were able【解析解析】考查wish從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last night可知是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。【答案答案】A知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)I failed again. I wish I _ harder.But you _ .A. had worked; hadntB. worked; dontC. worked; didntD. had worked; didnt【解析解析】句意為：我又失敗了，真希望當(dāng)時(shí)再努力些。但你沒(méi)有那樣做。在wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表達(dá)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)為過(guò)去完成時(shí)

14、；表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。由“I failed again”可知“I wish.”所表達(dá)的愿望與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反，故應(yīng)使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；由but可知第二人所陳述的是過(guò)去的事實(shí)，應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故選D?！敬鸢复鸢浮緿知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】I am sorry I spent so much money, dad.I wish you _ so.A. hadnt doneB. havent doneC. didnt doD. wouldnt do【解析解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。說(shuō)話人說(shuō)很后悔花了很多錢(qián)，答話人說(shuō)我希望你沒(méi)有這樣做。表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用過(guò)

15、去完成時(shí)。【答案答案】A 三三. .虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式為：虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式為：should+should+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 1、Suggest, advise 等動(dòng)詞表示建議，要求，堅(jiān)持，命令等的等動(dòng)詞表示建議，要求，堅(jiān)持，命令等的意思時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：意思時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下： 一個(gè)一個(gè) “堅(jiān)持堅(jiān)持” ; insist（堅(jiān)持要某人做某事）（堅(jiān)持要某人做某事）兩個(gè)兩個(gè) “命令命令” ;order, command三個(gè)三個(gè) “建議建議” ; advise, suggest, propose四個(gè)四個(gè) “要求要求” 。 demand , requir

16、e, request, ask+that+(should )+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形注意：注意：在此結(jié)構(gòu)中在此結(jié)構(gòu)中that不可不可省略；省略；should省不省均可。省不省均可。*上述動(dòng)詞的名詞形式出現(xiàn)時(shí)，其后從句仍用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。上述動(dòng)詞的名詞形式出現(xiàn)時(shí)，其后從句仍用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。*It is +suggested 等表示等表示”建議要求命令建議要求命令”的動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+that 從句，從句，這一結(jié)構(gòu)這一結(jié)構(gòu)that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句后需要用虛擬。引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句后需要用虛擬。e.g. He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking. He mad

17、e a request that they (should ) respect the rules.*suggest為為“暗示暗示/表明表明 ”之意時(shí)后從句用陳述語(yǔ)之意時(shí)后從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣氣 insist為為“堅(jiān)持某種觀點(diǎn)或看法堅(jiān)持某種觀點(diǎn)或看法”后從句用陳述語(yǔ)后從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣氣Janes pale face suggested that she _ill, and her parents suggested that she_a medical examination.A: be; should have B: was; have C: should be; had D: was; has適當(dāng)

18、形式填空The guard at the gate insisted that everybody_ the rules. (obey) He insisted that he _right. (be)2、It is (was )+necessary/a pity 等等+that引導(dǎo)的從句引導(dǎo)的從句須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣, ,其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下： It is important that you (should) follow the doctors orders.It is necessary that you should be present at the discussion.It is