Translation-analysisofsludgedryingconditioninGuangdongprovince

1、安德里茨的污泥干化設(shè)備在中國有很大的市場。以下我司在廣州市、廣東省進行的污泥情況調(diào)查及分析，現(xiàn)特向貴安德里茨公司作出報告。我司與廣業(yè)集團及廣州市政府有著良好的合作關(guān)系可以為貴安德里茨集團服務(wù)，因此，我司認(rèn)為貴安德里茨應(yīng)加緊時間盡快做好廣業(yè)集團的工作，盡快爭取向廣業(yè)集團及廣州市政府推銷污泥干化設(shè)備。必要時應(yīng)向廣業(yè)集團及廣州市政府免費各贈送污泥干化設(shè)備作示范試點。以下是我司所呈交的報告：/Sludge drying equipment manufactured by Andritz have a very big market in China. Here is the report to you

2、r company on base of inspection and analysis of sludge condition in Guangzhou City and Guangdong Province. We have friendly relations and corporation with Guangdong Industry Group and local government, which can serve for Andritz Group. So, we think, regarding the Guangdong Industry Group projects,

3、Andritz should be always dedicated to providing the highest quality and most efficient services timely ,strive for selling sludge drying equipment to Guangdong Industry Group and local government ASAP. If necessary, provide sludge drying equipment for free for demonstration projects. Report as follo

4、ws:廣州市及廣東省的污泥干化情況調(diào)查分析報告Inspection and analysis of sludge condition in Guangzhou City and Guangdong Province廣東是全中國唯一把污泥作為嚴(yán)控廢物的省份，但即使全中國唯一的這么重視的經(jīng)濟大省，過半污泥都被直接填埋，而且大多數(shù)衛(wèi)生不達標(biāo)，更不重視未來或?qū)⒚鎸Α岸灸鄧恰?。這是因污泥處理成本高，多數(shù)企業(yè)選擇偷排。/Guangdong is the only one province which regulated sludge as strictly-controlled waste all ov

5、er the China. Though Guangdong attaches much importance to sludge discharge, its more than half sludge still end up in land fills directly, most of which are considered as hygienic substandard. Most companies pay even less attentions to the approaching Toxic sludge siege or probably in the future. T

6、hey choose to discharge sludge without due approval according to relevant discharge standard because of high cost of sludge treatment.雖然廣東是把污泥作為嚴(yán)控廢物的唯一省份，但在2012年初，廣東全省符合無害化處置要求的污泥處置率也不到50%甚至更少。而且污泥處置方式單一，過半污泥直接填埋，符合衛(wèi)生填埋的只占少數(shù)，大量原生污泥被直接填埋或就地堆埋，這樣污泥得不到有效處理處置，很容易造成二次污染。/At the beginning of 2012, 50% or

7、even less of sludge disposal comply with the innoxiousness requirement. The method of sludge disposal is simple, more than half sludge is directly discharged to landfill, a minority of which meet the sanitary standard. A large quantity of original sludge was directly piled together or delivered to l

8、andfills. There inappropriate sludge disposals can easily cause secondary pollution.以廣州市為例，廣州地區(qū)污泥處置的市場平均價格約為每噸190元左右。對于這個價格，不少污泥處置機構(gòu)表示，因為處理成本相當(dāng)高，沒有多少盈利空間。但如果偷排呢？以廣東的一家污水處理廠為例，其每天平均需要處理處置的污泥約為300噸，一天須支付處理費用約6萬元。如果選擇偷排，則可節(jié)省4萬元以上。這種巨大反差讓大多數(shù)處置機構(gòu)甘愿冒違法風(fēng)險偷排也不愿處理。/Take Guangzhou as example, many sludge disp

9、osal institutions complain, the profit is small because of high cost of sludge disposal, which is 190RMB/Ton(Average marketing price in Guangzhou). So what about directly discharge? As to a WWTP in Guangdong, it has to pay ￥60,000.00 RMB for disposing sludge 300 Ton/day. And it can save ￥40,000.00RM

10、B if choosing to discharge directly. This huge contrast makes most sludge disposal institutions take the risk of illegal sludge discharges instead of sludge disposal. 其實污泥不單含有熱值可作為原料燃燒，它還是很好的有機肥料，污泥的肥效相當(dāng)于豬糞，比牛糞的肥效還要高，而且轉(zhuǎn)入污泥中的磷很高，磷礦是世界緊缺資源之一，如果未來能重新納入土地循環(huán)利用，將會有更好的經(jīng)濟和生態(tài)效益。因此廣州市陳建華市長于2014年11月19日帶領(lǐng)廣州市決策

11、官員團隊來到廣州石井污水處理廠，聽取污泥干化減量試點項目運行情況的介紹。/Actually, sludge, with calorific value, is not only a kind of raw material and also organic fertilizer. Fertilizer efficiency of sludge is equal to pig manure, higher than cow dung. Sludge also contains a good amount of Phosphorus, which is one of scarce resource

12、s. It will has better economic and ecological benefits if sludge can be returned to the land. So on 19th, Nov. 2014, the mayor of Guangzhou, Jianhua Chen, leading his strategy team, come to Guangzhou Shijin WWTP for the introduction of performances of sludge drying reduction pilot project. 陳建華市長代表廣州

13、市政府肯定并指出，廣州石井污水處理廠的污泥干化減量試點項目達到設(shè)定的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，實現(xiàn)污泥“無害化、穩(wěn)定化、減量化、資源化”的目標(biāo)。下一步，要在全廣州市范圍內(nèi)推廣應(yīng)用污泥干化減量技術(shù)。廣州市相關(guān)部門要著手制定污水處理廠的技術(shù)規(guī)范，將污泥干化減量作為對全市污水處理廠的硬性要求。要加快推進污泥干化減量設(shè)施建設(shè)，力爭2016年底前全廣州市污水處理廠全部建成該設(shè)施并投入使用。/Guangzhou Shijin WWTP pilot project has met the set technical regulations, realized sludge harmless treatment, quant

14、ity reduction, stabilization and reutilization. Mr. Chen praises and pointed out on behalf of Guangzhou Government. The next step is to encourage the application of sludge drying reduction technology throughout Guangzhou. The relevant department should embark on making technical regulations of WWTPs

15、, making sludge drying reduction as a strict requirement for WWTP in Guangzhou. Accelerate the construction of sludge drying reduction facilities, strive to complete all facility constructions of WWTP in Guangzhou and put them into use before the end of 2016. 廣州市的污泥干化情況調(diào)查分析：Inspection and Analysis o

16、f Sludge Drying Condition in Guangzhou 統(tǒng)計到2014年上半年，廣州市（十區(qū)兩市）污水處理廠48座，處理污水量為69152萬噸，脫水污泥（以含水率80%計）產(chǎn)生量33.45萬噸，平均每天1848噸。目前，廣州市污水處理廠污泥主要采用水泥窯協(xié)同處理、堆肥干化、制作營養(yǎng)土等方式進行處置，其中81%采用堆肥或制生物營養(yǎng)土，14%采用水泥窯協(xié)同焚燒，5%采用燒磚等綜合利用方式。/Up to first half year of 2014, there are 48 WWTPs in Guangzhou(10 districts and 2 cities), the

17、 total capacity of treatment of wastewater is 691,520,000 Ton, about 334,500 Ton sludge (containing 80% water),or 1,848 Ton/day, was generated. Presently, WWTPs in Guangzhou mainly apply sludge disposal methods such as cement kiln co-processing, composting, making nutritional soil, etc. 81% for comp

18、osting or making nutritional soil, 14% for cement kiln-incineration co-process, 5% for brick-making. 目前，廣東省內(nèi)取得嚴(yán)控廢棄物處理許可證的污泥處理處置單位有12家，位于廣州市范圍的實際只有3家公司，僅處理廣州市污泥700噸/日，占廣州污泥產(chǎn)量的38%，其他均為外地公司。雖然廣州已對污泥處理處置運輸過程、處置場等環(huán)節(jié)采取GPS定位、跟船押運、駐點監(jiān)管等措施，但仍有環(huán)境污染事件發(fā)生，存在環(huán)境污染風(fēng)險。/Presently, there are 12 sludge treatment instit

19、utions in Guangdong which obtain license to dispose strictly-controlled waste, only 3 of them are in Guangzhou with total capacity of 700 Ton/day, accounting for 38% of Guangzhou total sludge production. Other 9 are all foreign companies. Even though Guangzhou has adopted measures such as GPS positi

20、oning system, delivery with escort ships, Stagnation point regulation on sludge delivery and disposal sites during sludge treatment and disposal process, environmental pollution events still occur, environmental pollution risks still exist. 同時，目前廣州市污泥出廠時含水率在80%（少量60%）左右，臭氣大，粘度高，無論焚燒或者堆肥均對周邊環(huán)境影響大，公眾反

21、映強烈。為此廣州市政府訂出規(guī)定擅自傾倒污泥最高可罰50萬元。/Effluent sludge always containing 80% water(60% for a few plants) has strong smell and high viscosity. Either incineration or composting has bad effect to around environment, which is strongly protested by residents. So Guangzhou government regulate that any institutio

22、n who discharge sludge without due approval shall subject to penalty up to ￥500,000.00RMB.在污泥處理建設(shè)項目環(huán)評方面，廣州市擬出臺新辦法規(guī)定，新建污水處理廠的污泥處理設(shè)施建設(shè)項目，實行與污水處理廠建設(shè)同步環(huán)評和驗收制度。已建污水處理廠新增污泥處理設(shè)施建設(shè)項目的，建設(shè)單位應(yīng)當(dāng)開展環(huán)境影響分析，重點分析工藝處理的環(huán)境可行性，評價臭氣、污水等的不良環(huán)境影響，提出相應(yīng)的污染防治措施，并報環(huán)境保護行政管理部門備案。/Guangzhou governments new EIA policy regulate that

23、 , as to sludge treatment and disposal facility construction projects in new WWTPs, Companies shall evaluate environmental effects for these projects and also the new plants at the same time. As to new sludge disposal facility construction in old WWTPs, the construction units should analyze environm

24、ental effects, especially on environment feasibility of treatment process, odor and wastewater, etc., propose pollution control measures and report to environment protection administrative department for references.在污泥亂排放方面，廣州市擬出臺辦法嚴(yán)令禁止。并規(guī)定，擅自傾倒、堆放、丟棄、遺撒污泥的，由排水行政主管部門依照城鎮(zhèn)排水與污水處理條例責(zé)令停止違法行為，限期采取治理措施，給予

25、警告；造成嚴(yán)重后果的，對單位處10萬元以上50萬元以下罰款，對個人處2萬元以上10萬元以下罰款；逾期不采取治理措施的，排水行政主管部門可以指定有治理能力的單位代為治理，所需費用由當(dāng)事人承擔(dān)；造成損失的，依法承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。/New policy recommend a outright ban on sludge discharge without any treatment, and regulate that, for any enterprise who dump, stockpile or discard sludge without due approval, the drainage

26、 administrative department will give warnings, order the enterprise to stop these illegal acts and adopt treatment measures within a specified period of time according to Town Drainage and Sewage Treatment Regulations.If the consequences are serious, the enterprise in charge shall be imposed a fine

27、of between ￥100,000.00 and ￥500,000.00RMB, for individuals between ￥20,000.00 and ￥100,000.00RMB. If failing to adopt treatment measures in the specified period of time, Drainage department will appoint other qualified units for governance instead, the expenses shall be borne by the enterprise conce

28、rned. The enterprise concerned shall bear the liability for compensation if any loss causes.2015-2016年廣州市基本完成全市48座污水處理廠和19座新建、擴建的污水處理廠建設(shè)污泥干化減量設(shè)施，將處理后的干化污泥再密封運輸至水泥廠、電廠和垃圾焚燒廠直接焚燒。屆時，所有污泥都可以在本地處理，不再產(chǎn)生臭氣擾民的同時還能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)資源化利用。/Sludge drying reduction facility constructions will be completed in 48 WWTPs and 19

29、new plants in 2015-2016. The dryness sludge will be sealed transported to cement plants, power plants and waste incineration plants for direct incineration. Then, all sludge can be treated locally. Produce no odor and simultaneously realize resource utilization.目前廣州污水處理廠出廠污泥及各企業(yè)出廠的污泥每天在2700噸左右，由于含水率

30、高（80%左右），黏稠易發(fā)臭，運輸和處置困難。津生污泥廠關(guān)閉后，廣州本地缺乏大型的污泥處置場所，大量的污泥要運到外地處理，這就造成了出廠污泥必須遠距離運輸。/The total effulent sludge from all WWTPs and enterprises is 2700Ton/day. the sludge is thick and smell because of high water content(80%), which make delivery and disposal very difficult. A good amount sludge disposal imp

31、lement outside the city because of the lack of large WWTPs after shutdown of Jinsheng WWTP, which lead to sludge long-distance delivery./以中心城區(qū)外運污泥為例，最短的有45公里（花都區(qū)越堡廠），最遠的也有200公里英德市)，處理地點分別散落在中山、清遠、肇慶、東莞和英德等地，目前廣州本地的只有廣州越堡水泥廠處理一部份，占到廣州污泥產(chǎn)生量的15%左右。目前廣州市污泥處置方式也比較雜亂，有填埋、制肥、制磚和協(xié)同焚燒等，而現(xiàn)狀85%污泥運到外地處理，導(dǎo)致污泥處置標(biāo)

32、準(zhǔn)不統(tǒng)一、監(jiān)管難，污泥偷排亂倒、污染事件時有發(fā)生。Take outward sludge in center city district as example, the nearest site is 45km away(Yuebao Plant in Huadu District), the farthest is 200km away(Yingde City), sludge treatment sites separately locate in Zhongshan, Qingyuan, Zhaoqing, Dongguan and Yingde . the only local cem

33、ent plant(Guangzhou Yuebao) can treat part of sludge, which account for approx.15% of total sludge in Guangzhou. At present the maintechniquesofsludgedisposal in Guangzhou are: land fill, compost, brick-making and incineration co-process, etc. it is very difficult to regulate due to different standa

34、rds since 85% sludge is treated outside the city. So pollution events such as sludge discharging, dumping without any treatment always occur.針對目前存在的問題，廣州明確了污水處理廠污泥處置技術(shù)路線污泥廠內(nèi)干化減量穩(wěn)定，使污泥含水率降為30%-40%，處理后的污泥呈顆粒狀，達到穩(wěn)定無臭，便于運輸?shù)纫?，再外運焚燒處置。廣州市要求2015年至2016年基本完成全市48座污水處理廠的污泥干化減量設(shè)施建設(shè)，同時新建、擴建19座污水處理廠也同步建設(shè)污泥干化減量設(shè)施

35、，廠內(nèi)干化成粒密封運輸，將處理后的干化污泥再運輸至水泥廠、電廠和垃圾焚燒廠直接焚燒，實現(xiàn)污泥處置的減量化、穩(wěn)定化、無害化和資源化。/Sludge disposal technology process has been clearly determined in Guangzhou according to current issues. WWTP adopt sludge drying reduction and stabilization technology to decrease the sludge water content to 30-40%, on which conditio

36、n, sludge is in granular form, very convenient to be delivered for incineration. Sludge drying reduction facility constructions will be required to complete in 48 WWTPs and 19 new plants in 2015-2016. The dry sludge will be sealed transported to cement plants, power plants and waste incineration pla

37、nts for direct incineration, truly realize sludge harmless treatment, quantity reduction, stabilization and reutilization. 2013年開始，廣州市選擇了廣州石井污水處理廠開展污泥處置試點工作，已取得了預(yù)期成效。/At the beginning of 2013, Guangzhou Shijin WWTP ,chosen as demonstrate site for sludge disposal, has achievedtheexpectedresults. 經(jīng)過一年

38、半的實踐，廣州石井污水廠的污泥量減少為原來的1/3左右，而且在廠區(qū)處理沒有任何臭味。污泥含水率降至30%40%后就能解決臭氣問題，因為如果含水率大于40%就會發(fā)臭，但低于30%就變成面粉一樣，運輸過程中容易發(fā)生粉塵爆炸，不安全。所以廣州市計劃選擇30%40%的含水率，使污泥呈顆粒狀，達到穩(wěn)定無臭，便于運輸，又有燃燒的熱值。/Guangzhou Shijin WWTPS sludge amount decrease to 1/3 of original after operating for one and half years, and no odor at all. Odor problem

39、 can be solved when sludge water content reduce to 30-40%, because sludge smells when water content is 40%, sludge looks like flour power which easily lead to dust exposition while transportation when water content is 30%. So Guangzhou plan to choose 30-40% water content, making the sludge in granul

40、ar form, to realize stabilization, odorless and convenient transportation. Besides, sludge has heat value.污泥干化減量設(shè)施建成后，由各污水處理企業(yè)購置密封運輸車輛，統(tǒng)一調(diào)度，自行運輸污泥。后續(xù)處置方式為送至有嚴(yán)控廢物處理許可資質(zhì)的水泥廠、熱電廠、垃圾焚燒廠等直接焚燒，實現(xiàn)污泥處置的減量化、穩(wěn)定化、無害化和資源化。/All wastewater treatment enterprises will purchase their sealed trucks to transport sludg

41、e by themselves after construction of sludge drying reduction facilities complete. Then delivery to cement plants, power plants and waste incineration plants for direct incineration, truly realize sludge harmless treatment, quantity reduction, stabilization and reutilization. The above plants should

42、 have obtained license for treatment of strictly-controlled waste. 今后廣州市會根據(jù)各污水廠的分布，將干化后的污泥送到就近的垃圾焚燒廠進行焚燒。此外，還會送往恒運電廠和珠江水泥廠進行焚燒。廣州恒運電廠的一臺爐每天可以解決300500噸，今后經(jīng)過干化處理的污泥全市每天只有900噸左右。所以，減量以后，通過焚燒就能在廣州本地處理完所有的污泥。/Dry sludge will be transported to nearby waste incineration plants according to the distribution

43、 of WWTPs. Also to Hanyun Power plant and Zhujiang cement plant for incineration. All the total 900Ton/day dry sludge can be treated locally after reduction since one incinerator in Guangzhou Hanyun Power Plant can handle dry sludge 300-500Ton.2700噸污泥/天。目前廣州污水處理廠出廠污泥每天在2700噸左右，由于含水率高（80%左右），黏稠易發(fā)臭，運輸

44、和處置困難。以中心城區(qū)外運污泥為例，最短的也有45公里（花都區(qū)越堡廠），最遠的達200公里（英德市）。/2700Ton/day :The total effulent sludge from all WWTPs and enterprises is 2700Ton/day. the sludge is thick and smell because of high water content(80%), which make delivery and disposal very difficult. Take outward sludge in center city district as

45、example, the nearest site is 45km away(Yuebao Plant in Huadu District), the farthest is 200km away(Yingde City). 中國湖北省一家民營企業(yè)成功制造出污泥干化設(shè)備，并免費贈送給廣州石井污水廠試用以及負(fù)責(zé)免費營運。該試點污泥減2/3。經(jīng)過一年半的實踐，石井污水處理廠的該污泥干化設(shè)備使污泥量減少為原來的1/3左右，且在廠區(qū)處理后沒有任何臭味。/One private enterprise in Hubei, China, successfully manufacturing sludge d

46、rying equipment, provided sludge drying equipment to Guangzhou Shijin WWTP for free and took charge of operation, reducing the sludge amount by 2/3. Guangzhou Shijin WWTPS sludge amount decrease to 1/3 of original after operating for one and half years, and no odor at all.該新技術(shù)污泥干化設(shè)備比原處理污泥營運費用大概貴了180

47、0多萬元，但再通過在運行費用上的節(jié)約，設(shè)備投入約十年就能把錢收回來了。/This new technology of sludge drying equipment is ￥18,000,000.00RMB more expensive than the original operation fees. But the money would be taken back after 10 years due to the less operation fee after adopting the new sludge drying technology.設(shè)備改造，財政出錢。據(jù)悉，本次污泥處理設(shè)

48、施的改造，全部由財政出錢。市中心城區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠污泥干化減量改造資金，由市財政統(tǒng)籌安排；其他區(qū)（縣級市）由各責(zé)任單位自行籌措建設(shè)、改造資金。根據(jù)石井污水處理廠的試點情況，將污泥干化到30%40%的含水率的費用是268元/噸；而按照原來80%的含水率加上運輸和處理成本，大概是340元/噸。因為原來含水量在80%的污泥要送往有資質(zhì)的單位進行處理，污水廠是需要向處理單位支付運輸費和處理費的，所以成本比較高大概是340元以上/噸；而今后污泥含水量達到40%以下后，送往垃圾焚燒廠、水泥廠等進行處理，污水廠就不需要支付費用。另外同時污泥已經(jīng)成為一種資源可增加收入。/Government pay for

49、equipment upgrading. The government pay for all the sludge treatment facility reconstruction. Government make allover arrangements about the fund for sludge drying reduction reconstruction for WWTPs in Town. Other districts(County-level city) raises their reconstruction funds by their units in charg

50、e. The fee for drying sludge to 30-40% water content is ￥268.00RMB/Ton according to condition of Shijin WWTP, while ￥340.00RMB/Ton for original sludge(80% water content), adding transportation and treatment fees. This is because WWTP should pay for treatment and transportation of original sludge(80%

51、) to the qualified treatment units. Then after sludge drying, WWTP dont need to pay for dry sludge(40% water content) incineration in waste incineration plants and cement plants. Meanwhile, dry sludge can be used as a resource to add revenue. 使用新技術(shù)污泥干化設(shè)備后，污水廠日常運行費用更低，但還有一個處理設(shè)備的投資問題。廣州石井污水處理廠的污泥干化設(shè)備投

52、資在3800多萬元左右（以中國湖北省民營企業(yè)所提供的設(shè)備作預(yù)算），而新建污水處理廠原來就已配套的污泥處理設(shè)備（污泥含水率80%）需要2000萬元左右，也就是說采用新技術(shù)大概增加1800多萬元。若企業(yè)再通過在運行費用上的節(jié)約，該新技術(shù)設(shè)備投入有個十年八年也就把錢收回來了。/There is still a equipment investment problem even though WWTP daily operation cost is lower after adopting new technology of sludge drying equipment. Guangzhou Shi

53、jin WWTP invested more than ￥38,000,000.00RMB on sludge drying equipment(budget on base of the equipment provided by the Hubei private enterprise), sludge(80% water content) treatment equipment already existed in plant requires ￥20,000,000.00RMB, which means, This new sludge drying equipment are ￥18

54、,000,000.00RMB more expensive, the money would be taken back after 10 years due to the less operation fee after adopting the new sludge drying technology.單純從設(shè)備來說，投資還是可以估計的，但是因為涉及每一個廠不停產(chǎn)，所以統(tǒng)計建設(shè)時也要進行分期，整個改造的投資，要等項目建議書出來之后才能確定。/Investment is estimable, simply from device perspective. The construction s

55、tatistics should be made by stages because the investment estimation require non-stop of plant. The whole investment can only be determined after project proposal finished.根據(jù)累計投資44億的瀝滘污水處理廠情況分析，該廠從2012年到2013年6月，共計與10家單位簽訂了13份污泥運輸和處置合同，合同期最長僅6個月，最短只有59天。頻繁更換合作單位，導(dǎo)致污泥處理能力嚴(yán)重不足。 /Lijiao WWTP, with accum

56、ulate investment up to 4.4 billion, signed 13 contracts with 10 companies with the longest contract period is only 6 months, and the shortest 59 days. From this condition, we analyze that changing the collaborate company too frequently would result in scare capacity of sludge treatment. 廣州市力爭在2016年全

57、市普及污泥干化減量，成本比原處理費用每噸降近百元/Guangzhou strive to spread sludge drying reduction technology among the whole city in 2016. The treatment cost for pre ton sludge will decrease about 100 RMB, comparing with before.2013年開始，湖北省民營企業(yè)免費贈送廣州市的污泥干化設(shè)備選擇石井污水處理廠開展污泥處置試點工作。該項目于10月8日運行，每日處理含水率80%的污泥約71噸，產(chǎn)生含水率33%的成品污泥約2

58、3噸，減量比為68%。/One Hubei private enterprise, who provided sludge drying equipment for free, chose Guangzhou Shijin WWTP as demonstration site at the beginning of 2013. The project put into operation on 8th, Oct. Daily capacity of sludge(80% water content) is 71Ton, 23Tof dry sludge(33% water content) is generated. the reduction rate is 68%.廣州政府表示，已明確本市污水處理廠污泥處置技術(shù)路線是，污泥廠內(nèi)干化減量穩(wěn)定，使污泥含水率降為30%40%，再外運焚燒處置。全市47座污水廠計劃在2015至2016年基本完成污泥干化減量設(shè)施建設(shè)并投入運行，此外新建、擴建的19座污水處理廠也將同步建設(shè)污泥干化減量設(shè)施。/Guangzhou government has been clearly determined the