必修4Unit2非謂語(yǔ)v-ing

1、必修4 Unit2 語(yǔ)法 動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分為動(dòng)名詞(即：v-ing)、動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）三種。非謂語(yǔ)在句中不能作謂語(yǔ)，所以沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。非謂語(yǔ)在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。 本單元我們主要學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的用法。一、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作主語(yǔ)1. 動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作主語(yǔ)往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Talking to him is talking to a wall. 和他說話等于對(duì)牛彈琴。Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。See

2、ing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)Listening to music is one of my favorite hobbies.溫馨提示：動(dòng)詞的-ing和不定式都可以作主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞的-ing作主語(yǔ)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，不定式作主語(yǔ)往往表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的情況也是如此。 To watch a football match is what I want to do today.(to do做主語(yǔ)表示一次性或具體的動(dòng)作) Swimming is great exercise.游泳是項(xiàng)很好的鍛煉。 To clean the classroom is his job to

3、day. 2.常用-ing形式作主語(yǔ)的句型有：(1)It is/was +adj. +doing sth.It is/was worthwhile doing 做是值得的(2) It +be +a waste of time doing 做是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間(3) It is/was+ no +n.+ doing sth.It is/was no use doing 做沒用處It is/was no good doing 做沒有好處(4) 在there be 句型中There is/was +no +doing (joking/ knowing) 無(wú)法，不允許There is/was nothing

4、worse than doing 沒有比更糟的 There is/was +no +n.+ doingThere is/was no sense in doing 做沒有道理There is/was no point doing 做無(wú)意義e.g. It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. There is nothing worse than failing in the exam.沒有比考試不及格更糟糕的事情了。Ther

5、e is no point in cheating in the exam.考試作弊沒有任何意義。There was no knowing how long he might be away. 無(wú)法知道他可能會(huì)離開多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。There is no joking about such matter. 這種事開不得玩笑。There is no telling what will happenC.無(wú)法預(yù)言將會(huì)發(fā)生什么事情溫馨提示：There is no need to do sth. 做沒必要,在此句式中to do 不可換為doing. 例如There is no need to tell her.

6、 沒有必要告訴她。二、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作作賓語(yǔ)1作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)mind（介意）, suggest（建議）, enjoy, admit（承認(rèn)）, appreciate, avoid（避免）, delay（推遲）, escape（逃脫）, finish（完成）, imagine（想象）, practise（訓(xùn)練）, resist（抵抗，抵制）, risk（冒險(xiǎn)）, deny（拒絕，否認(rèn)）, consider（考慮） ,postpone (推遲,延期), be worth (值得)等。 Would you mind opening the window?She suggested going to

7、the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建議去長(zhǎng)城春游。Seeing the picture, he couldnt help laughing. 看了這幅畫，他禁不住大笑起來(lái)。Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 每當(dāng)馬克違反交通規(guī)則時(shí)，他常常企圖逃避罰款的處分。We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake.晚飯后你想和我一起散步嗎?溫馨提示：*在下面這種結(jié)構(gòu)中也可以用動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)

8、）做賓語(yǔ)：find/think/consider/feel like + it（形式賓語(yǔ)） + no use/no good/useless + v-ing（真正賓語(yǔ)）.例：I found it useless arguing about it。我發(fā)現(xiàn)爭(zhēng)論這事沒有用。2作介詞的賓語(yǔ)devote oneself to（獻(xiàn)身于，致力于），（devote ones time/energy/money把某人的時(shí)間/ 精力 /金錢用于）object to(反對(duì))，pay attention to, get down to(著手做 , 開始認(rèn)真做某事)，lead to（導(dǎo)致）, look forward

9、to（期待，盼望），insist on（堅(jiān)持）, be/get used to（習(xí)慣于）, make contributions to（對(duì) 做出貢獻(xiàn)） feel like doing(想要做) think of/about, dream of/about, prevent/keep/stopfrom, succeed in, be good at, do well in, be fond of, keep on（繼續(xù)） ,be interested in, be tired of, instead of等。 We are thinking of making a new plan for th

10、e next term. 我們正考慮為下學(xué)期制定新的計(jì)劃。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我們休息呢還是開始干活？Ann has been looking forward to coming to China for a long time. Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper? 3.在begin/start，continue等后，既可跟不定式，又可跟v-ing 形式做賓語(yǔ)，意義基本相同。例：They usually begin to work/worki

11、ng at nine in the morning. Price will continue to rise/rising.4.在like，love，hate等動(dòng)詞之后，跟v-ing或不定式做賓語(yǔ)，v-ing表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，不定式表示具體的一次性動(dòng)作。I like skating, but I dont like to skate today because I dont feel well.I like reading, but now I like to see a film. Mike likes playing basketball, but he doesnt like t

12、o play basketball this afternoon.5. 某些動(dòng)詞后既可接不定式，又可接v-ing形式，但意思不同，這類詞常見的有： forget to do sth. 忘了要做某事（常用否定：dont forget to do不要忘了做某事）forget doing sth.忘了做過某事stop doing sth 停止做某事（指不再做事）stop to do 停下來(lái)去做另一件事go on doing 繼續(xù)做同一件事go on to do （做完一件事后）接著做（另一件事）cant help doing 情不自禁地做某事cant help ( to) do 不能幫助做某事be

13、used to doing 習(xí)慣于做某事be used to do 被用來(lái)做 regret doing 后悔做過某事regret to tell /inform sb. 遺憾地告訴、通知某人mean to do 打算做某事mean doing 意味著要做某事remember to do 記住要做（動(dòng)作還沒有發(fā)生）remember doing記得做過（動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）I regret to tell you that I wont accept your advice.我十分遺憾地告訴你，我不會(huì)接受你的建議。I shall never forget seeing the famous writer

14、.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記見到過那位著名作家。I remember seeing you somewhere before. Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.練習(xí)：(1)I remember _ (post) the letter yesterday. posting(2)Ill remember _ (post) the letter. to post(3)I shall never forget _ (see) the famous writer. seeing(4)Dont forget _ (write) to your

15、mother. to write(5)I regret _ (miss) the report. missing(6)I regret _ (say) I cant take your advice. to say6. need/ require/want(需要)doing = need/ require/want to be done ：需要被 The window needsrequireswants cleaningto be cleaned窗戶需要清洗。My watch needs repairing/to be repaired.7.在下面的結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞in?？墒÷裕篵e busy

16、(in) doing sth. ：忙于做某事have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難have a hard time in doing sth. spend time (in) doing sth. 花時(shí)間做spend money (in) doing sth. 花金錢做We are busy (in) preparing for the coming sports meet/meeting. 我們正為馬上到來(lái)的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)忙著做準(zhǔn)備。Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken Engl

17、ish? 要聽懂英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)你有困難嗎？三、V-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)v-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)通常由物主代詞、人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或者名詞的普通格+v-ing分詞構(gòu)成。v-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上是給v-ing加了一個(gè)邏輯主語(yǔ)。（為了明確動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，可以在動(dòng)名詞之前加上一個(gè)物主代詞或名詞所有格，來(lái)表示動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)。）即：形容詞性物主代詞+V-ing 名詞s+ V-ing代詞賓格+ V-ing 名詞普通格(Mary, Tom, Mike)+ V-ing Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的電腦介意嗎？ The father ins

18、isted on his sons/his son going to college. 爸爸堅(jiān)決要求兒子上大學(xué)。Marys (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset. 瑪麗病了，使她媽媽很著急。 His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽煙使他一家人非常生氣。Do you mind my/me/Jacks/Jack leaving now?溫馨提示：v-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用代詞賓格+ V-ing 名詞普通格+ V-ing四、動(dòng)詞-ing 的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)在時(shí)態(tài)上，動(dòng)詞-ing

19、有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)兩種形式，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不明確，或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞-ing的一般式；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前時(shí)，常用完成式。 在語(yǔ)態(tài)上，動(dòng)詞-ing形式上有主動(dòng)式(doing, having done)和被動(dòng)式(being, having been done)。主動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義，被動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式 doing being done完成式 having done having been doneI enjoying playing football.

20、(playing表示的時(shí)間概念不明確)Im sorry for not having kept my promise.( not having kept my promise發(fā)生在Im sorry之前)I dont like being laughed at in public. 在公共場(chǎng)合下，我不喜歡被別人嘲笑。He came in without being asked. 沒有誰(shuí)請(qǐng)他進(jìn)來(lái)他自己進(jìn)來(lái)了。He insisted on sending her to hospital.他堅(jiān)持要把她送到醫(yī)院去。He insisted on being sent to work in the coun

21、tryside.他堅(jiān)持被派到鄉(xiāng)下工作。五、動(dòng)詞-ing的否定形式動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)not應(yīng)放在動(dòng)詞-ing形式之前。 即：not + doing not having donenot being done, not having been doneI regret not being able to help you. 我很抱歉不能幫助你。I apologize for not having waited for you. 沒有等你，我向你表示歉意。The problem is far from being solved .這問題遠(yuǎn)沒得到解決。She

22、 didnt mind being left alone at home .她不介意被一人留在家里。Marys not attending the meeting on time made me unhappy.瑪麗沒能準(zhǔn)時(shí)參加會(huì)議，讓我很不高興。練習(xí)：1. The story was so funny that we _. A. cant help laughing B. cant but laugh C. couldnt help laughing D. couldnt help but to laugh2.Your clothes need _. A. washed B. to be washed C. to wash D. being washed3. He attended the party without_. A. invited B. inviting C. havi