英語(yǔ)五種基本句

1、英語(yǔ)五種基本句型基本句型一: 主+系+表 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn):句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思,必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ),才能表達(dá)完整的意思.這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞.系動(dòng)詞分兩類:be, look, keep, seem等屬一類,表示情況;get, grow, become, turn、go等屬另一類,表示變化.be 本身沒(méi)有什么意義,只起連系主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的作用.其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義. 另:stay,prove,remain,stand。1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 這是本英漢辭典. 2. The d

2、inner smells good. 午餐的氣味很好. 3. His face turned red. 他的臉紅了 4. Everything looks different. 一切看來(lái)都不同了. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 他長(zhǎng)得又高又壯. 基本句型二: 主+謂(不及物動(dòng)詞) 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn),即句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思.這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞,后面可以跟副詞,介詞短語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ)從句等. 1. The sun was shining. 太陽(yáng)在照耀著. 2. The moon rose. 月亮升起了. 3. What he said doe

3、s not matter. 他所講的沒(méi)有什么關(guān)系. 4. They talked for half an hour. 他們談了半個(gè)小時(shí). 5. The pen writes smoothly. 這支筆書(shū)寫(xiě)流利. 基本句型三: 主+謂(及物)+賓 此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是:謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義,都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作,但不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ),即動(dòng)作的承受者,才能使意思完整.這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞. 1. Who knows the answer？ 誰(shuí)知道答案？ 2. He enjoys reading. 他喜歡看書(shū). 3. He admits that he was mistaken. 他

4、承認(rèn)犯了錯(cuò)誤. 基本句型四: 主+謂(及物)+雙賓（間賓+直賓） 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn):謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思.這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者,另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者.通常這一間接承受者用一個(gè)介詞來(lái)連接,當(dāng)動(dòng)作的間接承受者在動(dòng)作的直接承受者之前時(shí),這一介詞往往被省略. 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 她給自己定了一套新衣裳. 2. I showed him my pictures. 我給他看我的照片. 3. He bought you a dictionary.他給你買了一本字典. 4. I told him that th

5、e bus was late. 我告訴他汽車晚點(diǎn)了. 5. He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我開(kāi)機(jī)器. 基本句型五: 主+謂(及物)+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓+賓補(bǔ)）此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是:動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞,但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ),才能使意思完整. 1. They painted the door green. 他們把門(mén)漆成綠色. 2. They found the house deserted. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那房子無(wú)人居住. 3. What makes him think so？ 他怎么會(huì)這樣想？. 4. We

6、saw him out. 我們送他出去. 5. He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早點(diǎn)回來(lái). 6. I saw them getting on the bus at that time. 我看見(jiàn)他們當(dāng)時(shí)在上了那輛公共汽車. 除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語(yǔ)而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語(yǔ)可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語(yǔ)（主要是介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)和分詞短語(yǔ)）。下面以基本句型五（v+o+o.c）為例：We found the hall full.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。We found the great ha

7、ll full of students and teachers.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽(tīng)一個(gè)重要報(bào)告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current

8、affairs in East Europe.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽(tīng)人民日?qǐng)?bào)的一位同志作有關(guān)東歐局勢(shì)的重要報(bào)告。PEP小學(xué)英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)句型語(yǔ)法總結(jié)與分析三年級(jí)起點(diǎn)的人教版PEP教材在小學(xué)階段共有8冊(cè)書(shū)，其涉及的重要語(yǔ)法知識(shí)主要有7種：to be句型、there be句型、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)句型、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)句型、一般過(guò)去時(shí)句型、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can引導(dǎo)的句型、be going to句型等?，F(xiàn)以58冊(cè)書(shū)為例，簡(jiǎn)要分析如下：一 to be句型：用于介紹個(gè)人情況如姓名、健康狀況、身份、國(guó)籍、家庭成員、朋友、職業(yè)等，描述地點(diǎn)、顏色、四季、日期、星期幾等，該句型廣泛分布于各冊(cè)教材中，其中58冊(cè)的句型主要有：1

9、. Whos your English teacher? Mr. Carter. 2. Whats he like? Hes tall and strong.3. Is she quiet? No, she isnt. She is very active.4. Is she strict? Yes, she is, but shes very kind.5. What day is it today? Its Wednesday.6. Whats your favourite fruit/food? 7. Theyre sweet/ sour/ salty/ healthy/ 8. When

10、 is your birthday? Its in May.9. My birthday is in June. Uncle Bills birthday is in June, too.10. Is her birthday in June? Yes, it is. 11. Whats the date? 12.This is Zhang Peng. 13. Where is the cinema, please? Its next to the hospital.14. How tall are you？ Im 164 cm tall. 15. You are shorter than m

11、e.16.Youre 4 cm taller than me. 17.How heavy are you? Im 48 kg.18. Im thinner than you, and shorter.19. Whats the matter with you? My throat is sore.20. How are you, Liu Yun / Sarah? 二 there be句型：表示存在，即：“某處有某物”或“某時(shí)有某事”。句型基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：There is+ 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞+時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)。There are+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+地點(diǎn)。該句型主要分布在第5冊(cè)的Unit 5和Unit

12、6中，如：1. There are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room.2. There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet.3. Is there a forest in the park? Yes, there is.4. Is there a river? No, there isnt.5. Are there any pandas in the mountains? No, there arent.6. Are there any fish in the rivers? Yes,

13、 there are.三 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)句型：表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或行為，或現(xiàn)在存在著的狀況。句型基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞+其他。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞原形后面加s或es，其他人稱作主語(yǔ)時(shí)則用動(dòng)詞原形，在問(wèn)句及否定句中需要用助動(dòng)詞do或does。這種句型通常有一些標(biāo)志詞，如：usually often sometimes never always等。該句型主要分布在第5冊(cè)Unit2&3，第6冊(cè)Unit1&2, 第7冊(cè)Unit4,5,6, 第8冊(cè)Unit2中。如：Book5: 1. What do you have on Thursdays? We have English, math an

14、d science on Thursdays. 2. What do you do on Saturdays? I watch TV on Saturdays.3. I do my homework.4. What do you have for lunch on Mondays? We have tomatoes, tofu and fish.5. I like fruit. But I dont like grapes.Book6: 1. When do you eat dinner? I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening.2. When do you g

15、et up? I usually get up at 12:00 noon.3. What do you do on the weekend? Usually I watch TV and go shopping. 4. Sometimes I visit my grandparents. I often play football. Sometimes I go hiking.5. Which season do you like best? I like winter best. 6. Why do you like summer/winter?Book7: 1. How do you g

16、o to school, Sarah? 2. Usually I go to school on foot. Sometimes I go by bike.3. I like collecting stamps. He likes collecting stamps, too.4. Does she teach math? Yes, she does.5. Does she teach English？ No, she doesnt. She teaches math.6. What does your mother do? What does your father do? 7. Where

17、 does she work? She works in a car company.8. How does she go to work? She goes to work by bus.9. Where does the rain come from? It comes from the clouds.10. Where does the cloud come from? It comes from the vapour.11. Where does the vapour come from? It comes from the water in the river.12. The sun

18、 shines and the water becomes vapour.13. How do you do that? Book8: 1. My nose hurts.2. How do you feel? I feel sick. How does Amy feel? 3. You look so happy. You look sad today. 四 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)句型：表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或事件，或在短期內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的情況。標(biāo)志詞是：now 也常用在Look! Listen!等后面。句型主要結(jié)構(gòu)為：be動(dòng)詞（am, is, are）+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞(v. ing)。該句型主要

19、分布在第6冊(cè)Unit4, 5, 6中。如：1. What are you doing? Im doing the dishes. Im reading a book.2. Grandpa is writing a letter. Brother is doing homework. Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen.3. He is writing an e-mail in the study.3. What is it doing ? Its eating bananas. 4. What is she doing ? Shes jumping. 5.

20、 What are they doing ? Theyre swimming. They re climbing trees.6. Are you eating lunch? No, we arent.7. Are they eating the honey? Yes, they are.8. Is he playing chess? Yes, he is. 9. Is she counting insects? No, she isnt.五 一般過(guò)去時(shí)句型：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的事件、動(dòng)作或情況。句型基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他。標(biāo)志詞通常是：yesterday, last w

21、eek , last year 等，在問(wèn)句與否定句中要用助動(dòng)詞did。該句型分布在第8冊(cè)Unit3&4中。如：1.What did you do last weekend? I played football.2. Did you help them clean their room? Yes, I did.3.What did you do yesterday? I went fishing.4. Did you read book? Yes, I did.5. Did you clean your room? No, I didnt.6.Where did you go on your h

22、oliday? I went to Xinjiang.7. What did you do there? I sang and danced with my new friends.8. How did you go there？ I went by train.此外，一般過(guò)去時(shí)也可用來(lái)表示客氣的詢問(wèn)。如：Book3 Unit5, Book 5 Unit3中的：What would you like for lunch? Id like some 六 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can引導(dǎo)的句型：表示有能力做某事，can后面的動(dòng)詞要用原形。該句型主要分布在第5冊(cè)Unit4和第7冊(cè)Unit1中。如：1. What

23、can you do? I can sweep the floor. I can cook the meals. 2. I can water the flowers. 3. Can you make the bed? No, I cant. 4. Can you use a computer? Yes, I can.: How can I get to Zhongshan Park? You can go by the No. 15 bus.七 將來(lái)時(shí)：我們的教材中出現(xiàn)過(guò)兩種表示將來(lái)時(shí)的句型，即：will和be going to句型，主要以be going to句型為主，表示將要做某事或打算

24、做某事。句型主要結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are + going to + v.原形。標(biāo)志詞有：tomorrow next weekend this morning this weekend nextbe going to1. What are you going to do this weekend? I am going to visit my grandparents.2. Where are you going? I am going to the cinema.3. How is he going to Beijing? He is going to Beijing by plane.4. When is she going to Xiashan? She is going to go there at 9:00 am一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)定 義表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài)。表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或說(shuō)話前后正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)