高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)講解版適合上課用2013.10.5(6)

1、冠詞考點(diǎn)及復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)冠詞考點(diǎn)及復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn) 冠詞的考查是當(dāng)前各地高考考卷中的熱點(diǎn)，是我冠詞的考查是當(dāng)前各地高考考卷中的熱點(diǎn)，是我們復(fù)習(xí)中的重點(diǎn)之一。冠詞的考查以固定結(jié)構(gòu)和習(xí)慣用們復(fù)習(xí)中的重點(diǎn)之一。冠詞的考查以固定結(jié)構(gòu)和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)為主，結(jié)合考查一些基本規(guī)則。所以我們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)中要語(yǔ)為主，結(jié)合考查一些基本規(guī)則。所以我們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)中要注重教材中的語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)的整理，同時(shí)對(duì)下面的冠詞規(guī)則也注重教材中的語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)的整理，同時(shí)對(duì)下面的冠詞規(guī)則也要引起重視。要引起重視。1、不定冠詞的用法比較；、不定冠詞的用法比較；2、定冠詞的習(xí)慣用法；、定冠詞的習(xí)慣用法；3、零冠詞的用法；、零冠詞的用法；4、在習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中冠詞的用法；、在習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中冠

2、詞的用法；不定冠詞的用法不定冠詞的用法考題點(diǎn)擊考題點(diǎn)擊1 The Wilsons live in _ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _ 17th century cottage. A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, aD D該句意為“威爾遜先生一家住在海邊的一幢A型房子里，那是一幢十七世紀(jì)的屋子?！眱商幎急硎尽耙淮薄?，A-shaped 是元音開(kāi)頭，該用 an；而 seventeenth是輔音開(kāi)頭，所以該用 a?？碱}點(diǎn)擊考題點(diǎn)擊2 Mrs. Taylor has _ 8-year-old daughter wh

3、o has _ gift for paintingshe has won two national prizes. Aa; a Ban; the Can; a Dthe; aC C“Taylor 夫人有一個(gè)在繪畫方面極有天賦的八歲的女兒，她已經(jīng)兩次獲得全國(guó)大獎(jiǎng)了?！?eight 是元音開(kāi)頭，所以該用 an；而后面的 have a gift for為一短語(yǔ)，表示“在 方面有天賦”，故答案為C。冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨(dú)使用，也沒(méi)有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明名詞的含義。英語(yǔ)中的冠詞有三種，一種是定冠詞（the Definite Article），另一種是不定冠詞（the Indefinite

4、Article），還有一種是零冠詞（Zero Article）。不定冠詞a (an)與數(shù)詞one 同源，是“一個(gè)”的意思。a用于輔音音素前，而an則用于元音音素前。 1) 表示一個(gè)，意為one；指某人或某物，意為a certain。 A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 2) 代表一類人或物。 A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer.3) 詞組或成語(yǔ)。 a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a

5、 / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden 定冠詞的用法定冠詞的用法考題點(diǎn)擊考題點(diǎn)擊1 As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid _. A. by the hour B. by hour C. by an hour D. by hours A A“按小時(shí)付費(fèi)”，以及其它用來(lái)表示“按

6、計(jì)算”都需用介詞 by 加 the 加單位名詞來(lái)表示，如：by the day; by the jin; by the pound; by the dozen 。但需注意：size; weight; time; length 等名詞并不表示單位，所以不需加 the。考題點(diǎn)擊考題點(diǎn)擊2 On May 5, 2005, at _World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won the gold medal in mens doubles with _ score of 4: 1. A. a; a B. 不填; the C.

7、 a; 不填 D. the; aD D“the World Table Tennis Championship”是由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞，用來(lái)表示一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)名稱。這類名詞前都要加 the。 “with a score of 4:1” 表示“以4:1的比分”，是一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)?？碱}點(diǎn)擊考題點(diǎn)擊3 This book tells _ life story of John Smith, who left _ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16. Athe; the Ba; the Cthe; 不填 Da; 不填C C“這本書講的是

8、John Smith 的人生故事”，是特指的，所以必須用 the。 “l(fā)eave school” 表示“畢業(yè)”，不用冠詞。類似的用法還有：finish school; in class; at church; go to school 等。定冠詞the與指示代詞this，that同源，有“那（這）個(gè)”的意思，但較弱，可以和一個(gè)名詞連用，來(lái)表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或東西。1）特指雙方都明白的人或物： Take the medicine.把藥吃了。2）上文提到過(guò)的人或事： He bought a house.Ive been to the house. 他買了幢房子。我去過(guò)那幢房子。3）指世上獨(dú)一物

9、二的事物： the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth 4）與單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物，如：the dollar 美元; the fox 狐貍；或與形容詞或分詞連用，表示一類 人：the rich 富人; the living 生者。5）用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)，及形容詞only， very， same等前面： Where do you live?I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二層。 Thats the very thing Ive been looking for. 那正是我要找的東西。6）與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，指整個(gè)群體：

10、 They are the teachers of this school.指全體教師) They are teachers of this school. (指部分教師) 7）表示所有，相當(dāng)于物主代詞，用在表示身體部位 的名詞前： She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。8）用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國(guó)家名稱、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán) 體、階級(jí)、等專有名詞前： the Peoples Republic of China 中華人民共和國(guó) the United States 美國(guó)9）用在表示樂(lè)器的名詞之前： She plays the piano.她會(huì)彈鋼琴。10) 用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之

11、前，表示一家人： the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫婦) 11) 用在表示“度量衡”之類的名詞前： Apples are sold by the pound. 但要注意在 time, weight, length 等名詞前不加 the。12) 用在慣用語(yǔ)中： in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening)； the day after tomorrow； the day before yesterday；the next morning； in the sky (water，field，country)； in the dark；in t

12、he rain；in the distance； in the middle (of)；in the end； on the whole； by the way；go to the theatre 零冠詞的用法零冠詞的用法考題點(diǎn)擊考題點(diǎn)擊1 If you go by _ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get _ fast one. Athe; the B不填；a Cthe; a D不填；不填 B B在由介詞 by 加表示交通方式的名詞短語(yǔ)中，不用冠詞。但如果 by 不表示交通方式，而表示地理

13、位置，就需要加冠詞了。如：by sea 乘船；by the sea 在海邊考題點(diǎn)擊考題點(diǎn)擊2 It is often said that _ teachers have _ very easy life. A. 不填；不填 B. 不填；a C. the, 不填 D. the, a B Bteachers 是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，用來(lái)表示類屬，不加冠詞。只有在特定范圍內(nèi)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前才加冠詞?！癶ave a life”是一個(gè)習(xí)慣短語(yǔ)，表示“過(guò)著的生活”。考題點(diǎn)擊考題點(diǎn)擊3 The warmth of _ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _

14、wool used. A. the; the B. the;/ C. /; the D. /; /B Bsweater 的保暖性能取決于使用哪一種類型的羊毛。the 加單數(shù)名詞 sweater 表示一種類型；而羊毛是物質(zhì)名詞，表示類屬的物質(zhì)名詞不加冠詞。1）國(guó)名，人名前通常不用定冠詞：England，Mary；2）泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示一類人或事物時(shí)，可不用定 冠詞；They are teachers. 他們是教師。3）抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，通常不加冠詞；Failure is the mother of success.失敗乃成功之母4）物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，通常不加冠詞，當(dāng)表示特定的意思時(shí)

15、，需要加定冠詞；Man cannot live without water. 人離開(kāi)水就無(wú)法生存。 5）在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、 假日、日期、星期等表示 時(shí)間的名詞之前，不加冠詞； We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我們從星期一到星期五都上課。6）在稱呼或表示官銜，職位的名詞前不加冠詞； The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵們把這個(gè)美國(guó)人送到李將軍那里。7）在三餐飯、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂(lè)運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前，不加 冠詞 如：have breakfast，play chess 但如果三餐飯的名詞前有形容詞修飾，則

16、需要加 冠詞。如：have a big breakfast8）當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并用時(shí)，常省去冠詞；I cant write without pen or pencil. 沒(méi)有鋼筆和鉛筆，我就寫不了字。9）當(dāng)by 與火車等交通工具連用，表示一種方式時(shí)， 中間無(wú)冠詞；by bus，by train； 10）有些個(gè)體名詞不用冠詞；如： school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed， table，class，town，church，court 等個(gè)體名詞，直 接置于介詞后，表示該名詞的深層含義； go to hospital去醫(yī)院看病 go to the ho

17、spital 去醫(yī)院 (并不一定去看病) 11)不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞；a. 序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞 b. 序數(shù)詞作副詞 He came first in the race.c. 在固定詞組中 at (the) first, first of all, from first to last 12）在復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中注意不帶冠詞的短語(yǔ)和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。13）特別注意加冠詞和不加冠詞的意義區(qū)別。如： go to hospital - go to the hospital at table - at the table in charge of - in the charge of out of question - o

18、ut of the question不定冠詞的位置不定冠詞的位置考題點(diǎn)擊考題點(diǎn)擊1 _ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar. A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting D D不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前。但位于下列形容詞之后： such，what，many，half，如： I have never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit for

19、the job.考題點(diǎn)擊考題點(diǎn)擊2 We were in _ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rushD D當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞被副詞 as, so, too, how, however, enough修飾時(shí)，不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后： It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. So short a time. To

20、o long a distance. 還需注意下面三個(gè)問(wèn)題：還需注意下面三個(gè)問(wèn)題： 1、quite，rather與單數(shù)名詞連用，冠詞放在其后。但當(dāng)rather，quite 前仍有形容詞，不定冠詞放其前后均可。如：quite a lot 2、 在as，though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)標(biāo)語(yǔ)為形容詞修飾的名詞時(shí)，不定冠詞放形容詞后： Brave a man though he is，he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他盡管勇敢，可見(jiàn)到蛇還是發(fā)抖。3、當(dāng)名詞被比較級(jí)形容詞修飾時(shí)，不定冠詞通常置于比較級(jí)形容詞之后。 定冠詞的位置定冠詞的位置考題點(diǎn)擊考題點(diǎn)擊1

21、He did it _ it took me. A. one-third a time B. one-third time C. the one-third time D. one-third the timeD D定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前，但放在all， both，double，half，twice，three times等詞之后，名詞之前。 All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有學(xué)生都出去了。1 1、名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)、名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù); ;2 2、可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換；、可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換；3 3、名詞作定語(yǔ)；、名詞作定語(yǔ)；4

22、4、名詞的搭配、名詞的搭配; ;5 5、詞語(yǔ)辨析；、詞語(yǔ)辨析；高考考點(diǎn)分析- How many does a cow have?- Four. AstomachesBstomach CstomachsDstomachies 以以 s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加等結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加 es；但如果以但如果以 ch 結(jié)尾的名詞發(fā)音為結(jié)尾的名詞發(fā)音為 k時(shí)，只加時(shí)，只加 s。另外，以輔音字母另外，以輔音字母 +y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，需將結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，需將 y 變成變成 i，再加，再加 -es；以元音字母；以元音字母 +y 結(jié)尾的則直接結(jié)尾的則直接加加 -s。以輔音字母加。以輔

23、音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的專有名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，結(jié)尾的專有名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，也直接加也直接加 -s。 The _ of the building are covered with lots of _. Aroofs; leavesBrooves; leafs Croof; leafDroofs; leafs以以 f 或或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)： a. 加加 s，如：，如：serf - serfs belief-beliefs roof-roofs chief - chiefs safe-safes gulf-gulfs；b. 去去 f, fe 加加 ves，如：，如：half-hal

24、vesknife-knives leaf-leaveswolf-wolves wife-wives life-livesthief-thieves；c. 均可均可, 如：如：handkerchief - handkerchiefs / handkerchieves When the farmer returned home he found three _ missing. Asheeps Bsheepes Csheep Dsheepies 當(dāng)當(dāng)sheep; deer; fish表示數(shù)量時(shí)，單復(fù)數(shù)同形；表示數(shù)量時(shí)，單復(fù)數(shù)同形；如果表示不同種類，則需加如果表示不同種類，則需加 s 或或 es。

25、單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞有：?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)同形的名詞有：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese, Swiss works, means, head Some _ visited our school last Wednesday. AGermanBGermen CGermansDGermens國(guó)家人的名詞需要記住三種情況：國(guó)家人的名詞需要記住三種情況：1、單復(fù)數(shù)同形：、單復(fù)數(shù)同形：Chinese; Japanese; Swiss2、需要變形：、需要變形：English - Englishman3、加、加 s 或或 -es：German Germans詳見(jiàn)下表。詳見(jiàn)下表。 1.6 不同

26、國(guó)家的人的單復(fù)數(shù)不同國(guó)家的人的單復(fù)數(shù) 名稱 總稱(謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)）一個(gè)人 兩個(gè)人中國(guó)人the Chinesea Chinese two Chinese瑞士人the Swissa Swiss two Swiss澳大利亞人the Australiansan Australian two Australians 俄國(guó)人the Russians a Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians希臘人the Greek a Greektwo Greeks法國(guó)人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人t

27、he Japanese a Japanese two Japanese美國(guó)人the Americans an Americantwo Americans印度人the Indians an Indian two Indians加拿大人the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians德國(guó)人the Germansa Germanstwo Germans英國(guó)人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes _ will make a trip around the world dur

28、ing the coming Christmas. A. The EvensB. The Evens C. The EvensesD. The Evenses專有名詞的復(fù)數(shù)與定冠詞連用，常用來(lái)表示專有名詞的復(fù)數(shù)與定冠詞連用，常用來(lái)表示“一一家人家人”或一家之中的兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)重要的人。如：或一家之中的兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)重要的人。如：- Who did you spend last weekend with?- _. A PalmersB The Palmers C The PalmersD The Palmers Mr Smith has two _, both of whom are teachers

29、in a school. Abrothers-in-lawBbrother-in-laws Cbrothers-in-laws Dbrothers-in law以連字符號(hào)連接的合成名詞一般將中心名詞變成以連字符號(hào)連接的合成名詞一般將中心名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)，如：復(fù)數(shù)，如：managers-in-chief; fathers-in-law。如。如果沒(méi)有中心名詞就在該合成詞的最后加果沒(méi)有中心名詞就在該合成詞的最后加 s。如：。如：grown-ups。 He gained his _ by printing _ of famous writers. A. wealth; work B. wealths; w

30、orks C. wealths; work D. wealth; works抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞被稱為不可數(shù)名詞。本題中抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞被稱為不可數(shù)名詞。本題中 wealth 為不可數(shù)名詞，為不可數(shù)名詞，works 作作“作品作品”解，屬解，屬單復(fù)數(shù)同形的可數(shù)名詞。單復(fù)數(shù)同形的可數(shù)名詞。 Can you give us some _ about the writer? Ainformations Binformation Cpiece of informations Dpieces information大多數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞都不可能轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞，常大多數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞都不可能轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞，常見(jiàn)的有

31、：見(jiàn)的有：information; news; advice; progress; fun 如：如：This is not a match. Were playing chess for _.A habit B hobby C fun D game Many people agree that _of English is a must in international trade today. A. a knowledge B. knowledges C. knowledge D. the knowledge 有些抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞也可轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞，有些抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞也可轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞

32、，用來(lái)表示某種特定的意義。用來(lái)表示某種特定的意義。a knowledge of 表示表示“對(duì)對(duì)有所了解有所了解“。又如：。又如：This meeting is a great success.請(qǐng)看下面的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化：請(qǐng)看下面的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化： a. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為個(gè)體名詞時(shí)。當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為個(gè)體名詞時(shí)。 Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一種食物。蛋糕是一種食物。 (U) These cakes are sweet.這些蛋糕很好吃。這些蛋糕很好吃。 (C)b. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類時(shí)，名詞可數(shù)。當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類時(shí)，名詞可數(shù)。This fac

33、tory produces steel.(U)We need various steels.(C)c. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時(shí)，可數(shù)。當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時(shí)，可數(shù)。Our country is famous for tea. Two teas, please. 請(qǐng)來(lái)兩杯茶。請(qǐng)來(lái)兩杯茶。 d. 抽象名詞有時(shí)也可數(shù)。抽象名詞有時(shí)也可數(shù)。four freedoms 四大自由四大自由 the four modernizations 四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化 many interests 許多興趣許多興趣 The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it.

34、 A. bicycles shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicycles shop名詞作定語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)，但也有以下例外。名詞作定語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)，但也有以下例外。1) 用復(fù)數(shù)作定語(yǔ)。用復(fù)數(shù)作定語(yǔ)。 如：如：sports meeting 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) students reading-room 學(xué)生閱覽室學(xué)生閱覽室 talks table 談判桌談判桌 the foreign languages department 外語(yǔ)系外語(yǔ)系 2) 有些原有有些原有s結(jié)尾的名詞，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，結(jié)尾的名詞，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，s保留。保留。 如：如：goods train (

35、貨車貨車) arms produce武器生產(chǎn)武器生產(chǎn) customs papers 海關(guān)文件海關(guān)文件 clothes brush衣刷衣刷 It took us quite a long time to get here. It was _ journey. A. three-hour B. a three hour C. a three-hour D. three hours “數(shù)詞數(shù)詞+名詞名詞”構(gòu)成的合成詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞一般保留構(gòu)成的合成詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式。單數(shù)形式。 如：如： a ten-mile walk； a five-year plan但是如果不用連字符，就需

36、用復(fù)數(shù)的所有格。但是如果不用連字符，就需用復(fù)數(shù)的所有格。 The village is far away from here indeed. Its _ walk. A. a four hour B. a four hours C. a four-hours D. a four hours There are only twelve _ in the hospital. Awoman doctors Bwomen doctors Cwomen doctor Dwoman doctor man, woman, gentleman等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其單復(fù)等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。數(shù)

37、以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。 如：如：a man worker men workers a woman teacher women teachers a gentleman official gentlemen officials Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi. A. way B. choice C. possibilityD. selection 可以將可以將“ have no choice but to do ”視為一視為一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，現(xiàn)在考查這類搭配的題有很多，如：個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，現(xiàn)在考查這類搭

38、配的題有很多，如： I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good _ of direction. Aidea Bfeeling Cexperience Dsense類似的題還有：類似的題還有： 1. Heres my card. Lets keep in _. (A) A. touchB. relationC. connectionD. friendship2. You can take as many as you like because they are free of _. (B) A. fa

39、reB. chargeC. moneyD. pay3. The manager has got a good business _ so the company is doing well. B） AideaBsenseCthoughtDThinking4. I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the childrens _. (A) A reachB handC holdD place A rough estimate, Nigeria is_ Great Britain. A. three times the size as B. the s

40、ize three times of C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of 注意名詞用來(lái)表示比較的特殊用法。它的結(jié)構(gòu)為注意名詞用來(lái)表示比較的特殊用法。它的結(jié)構(gòu)為“倍數(shù)倍數(shù)+the +名詞名詞+ of + 對(duì)象對(duì)象”。常用在該結(jié)構(gòu)。常用在該結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞為：中的名詞為：the size of; the weight of; the length of . Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_. (C) A. ability B. force C

41、. strength D. mind 高考試卷中考查名詞詞義辨析的題目越來(lái)越高考試卷中考查名詞詞義辨析的題目越來(lái)越多了，這就要求我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中注意同多了，這就要求我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中注意同類詞的比較和辨析，同時(shí)盡可能從閱讀過(guò)程中汲類詞的比較和辨析，同時(shí)盡可能從閱讀過(guò)程中汲取更多的知識(shí)。本題的意思是取更多的知識(shí)。本題的意思是參加體育鍛煉的目參加體育鍛煉的目的是增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)和力氣。的是增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)和力氣。 1 1、用、用and連接兩個(gè)并列成分；連接兩個(gè)并列成分；2 2、介詞、介詞with 伴隨伴隨主語(yǔ)；主語(yǔ)；3 3、就近原則；、就近原則；4 4、各種代詞的主謂一致、各種代詞的主謂一致; ;5 5

42、、短語(yǔ)和從句作主語(yǔ)；、短語(yǔ)和從句作主語(yǔ)；6 6、定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致。、定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致。高考考點(diǎn)分析When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 這個(gè)句子看上去是這個(gè)句子看上去是and連接的兩個(gè)并列短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)主連接的兩個(gè)并列短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，本應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)，但這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)表達(dá)語(yǔ)，本應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)，但這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)表達(dá)的是同一事件的兩個(gè)方面，可以看成是一個(gè)整體，的是同一事件的兩個(gè)方面，可以看成是

43、一個(gè)整體，因此使用單數(shù)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；而從句意可判斷此句因此使用單數(shù)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；而從句意可判斷此句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)， 歸納一：歸納一：1兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上做主語(yǔ)的單數(shù)名詞用兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上做主語(yǔ)的單數(shù)名詞用and連連接，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)接，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)Tom and Dick are good friends.但若表示一個(gè)集合體時(shí)則用單數(shù)。但若表示一個(gè)集合體時(shí)則用單數(shù)。A singer and dancer was present at the party.The worker and writer is talking to the students。Bread and butt

44、er tastes good.類似的表達(dá)式有：類似的表達(dá)式有：( a needle and thread, a horse and cart, a watch and chain, a coat and tie, truth and honesty, medical help and cure)2用用 and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞若被連接的兩個(gè)名詞若被 no, each, every, many a 修飾，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。修飾，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。No bird and no beast is seen in the bare island.Many a boy and many a girl ha

45、s made such a funny experiment.At Christmas each boy and each girl is given a present.3. 如果如果 and 后面加后面加 no 或或 not, 謂語(yǔ)也用單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)也用單數(shù)形式，My friend, and not hers, is chosen to join the army.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift . A. is o

46、ffered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered主語(yǔ)后有主語(yǔ)后有as well as, like, with, together with, but, except, besides,等，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)于前面主語(yǔ)保持一致等，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)于前面主語(yǔ)保持一致A professor, together with some students, was sent to help in the work.No one but the teachers is allowed to use the room. Not only I but also Jane and

47、Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 以連詞以連詞or, eitheror , neither nor, there be, not onlybut also 連接的復(fù)合主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)與其相連接的復(fù)合主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)與其相鄰的那個(gè)名詞的數(shù)保持一致。鄰的那個(gè)名詞的數(shù)保持一致。Eg. You or I am to be invited. Nobody but Jane _the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known eit

48、her, neither, each, every 或或no + 單數(shù)名詞和單數(shù)名詞和由由some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞都作構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞都作單數(shù)看待。單數(shù)看待。Each of us has a new pen .Everything around us is matter. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons . A. were, was B. was , was C. was, were D. were; were

49、. a number of 表示表示“很多很多”的意思，修飾可的意思，修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。The number of表示表示“數(shù)量，號(hào)碼數(shù)量，號(hào)碼”作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 _ of the southern hemisphere (南半球南半球) _ with water. A. Four-five; is covered B. Four-fifths; is covered C. Four-fifth, are covered D. Four-fifths, are covered.由由“a lot of , (lots of, plent

50、y of, the rest of ) +名詞名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)名詞分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)名詞”構(gòu)成構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。后面名詞的數(shù)而定。Three-fourths of the surface is sea . All but one_here just now . A. is B .was C. have been D. were what, who, which, any, more, most, all 等代詞等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)，主要依意思而定。可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)

51、，主要依意思而定。A) Which is your pen ? 哪是你的筆？哪是你的筆？ Which are your pens?哪些是你們的筆？哪些是你們的筆？B) All can be done has been done . All have gone to the park . He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been who, which, that 作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)取決作定語(yǔ)從

52、句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)取決于先行詞。于先行詞。 Those who want to go should sign your names here. He is one of the students who have passed the exam. He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. Mathematics _ the language of science. A. is B. are going to be C. are 以以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞，如結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞，如“mathematics, politic

53、s, physics 以及以及news, 等，形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，實(shí)際為單數(shù)，等，形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，實(shí)際為單數(shù)，它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。 另外：復(fù)數(shù)名詞用作書，電影、戲劇、報(bào)刊、國(guó)家等另外：復(fù)數(shù)名詞用作書，電影、戲劇、報(bào)刊、國(guó)家等名稱時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。名稱時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 His “selected Poems”_ first published in 1965. A. were B. was C. has been His family _ all football fans. A. is B. has been C. are being D.

54、 are一些集體名詞做主語(yǔ)，如果看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)一些集體名詞做主語(yǔ)，如果看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果指其中的成員，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果指其中的成員，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)但數(shù)但people, police, cattle等只能用復(fù)數(shù)等只能用復(fù)數(shù)My family is a big family.My family are listening to the radio.The police are trying to catch the thief. The rich _ not always happy. A. is B. has C. have D. are 形容詞加定冠詞形容詞加定冠詞 t

55、he 表示一類人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)表示一類人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 What a life the poor were living! The young are happy to give their seats to the old. 1. Growing vegetables _ constant watering. A. need B. are needed C. is needed D. needs2. What I say and think _ no business of yours. A. is B. are C. were D. both A and B 當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、不定

56、式短語(yǔ)和從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)和從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如果用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如果用 and 連接兩個(gè)從句或短連接兩個(gè)從句或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，則需看是表示一個(gè)整體還是不同的兩語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，則需看是表示一個(gè)整體還是不同的兩件事。題（件事。題（2）中的）中的 “What I say and think” 既既可理解為同一件事也可理解為不同的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作?？衫斫鉃橥患乱部衫斫鉃椴煌膬蓚€(gè)動(dòng)作。（注意：從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)有時(shí)需根據(jù)表語(yǔ)來(lái)定。）（注意：從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)有時(shí)需根據(jù)表語(yǔ)來(lái)定。）1、人稱代詞的替代和轉(zhuǎn)換、人稱代詞的替代和轉(zhuǎn)換;2、物主代詞的性；、物主代詞的性；3、else 的用法；的用法；4

57、、不定代詞的用法比較、不定代詞的用法比較;5、it 的用法；的用法；高考考點(diǎn)分析1. 人稱代詞的指代問(wèn)題人稱代詞的指代問(wèn)題 ：It was _ who did it, but it was _ that we are talking about. A. he she B. him her C. him she D. he her 人稱代詞的主格在句子中作主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，例如： John waited a while but eventually he went home.約翰等了一會(huì)兒，最后他回家了。 人稱代詞的賓格在句子中作賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)，但在口語(yǔ)中也能作表語(yǔ)，第一人稱在省略句中，還可以作主語(yǔ)，

58、例如：I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 問(wèn)題中前后兩個(gè)分句都是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，前面的代詞作 did it 的主語(yǔ)，而后面的代詞作 talking about 的賓語(yǔ)。D2）在使用人稱代詞時(shí)，要注意其人稱、數(shù)和格的一致。如： Jim and I saw the man passing by. Between you and me, he stole a lot of money from somewhere. (私下跟你說(shuō)吧，不知他從哪里偷了一大筆錢呢。) He asked three of us, John, Joan and m

59、e, to have dinner with him. Meat and fish are more expensive than they used to be. 不定代詞 anybody，everybody，nobody，anyone， someone， everyone，no one， 及 whoever 和 person 在正 式場(chǎng)合使用時(shí)，可用 he, his, him 代替。 Nobody came, did he?誰(shuí)也沒(méi)來(lái)，是嗎?2. 人稱代詞之主、賓格的替換人稱代詞之主、賓格的替換 Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard

60、. Why ? John is sitting there doing nothing.AhimBheCI Dme 在簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話中，當(dāng)人稱代詞單獨(dú)使用或在 not 后， 多用賓格。- I like English. -我喜歡英語(yǔ)。- Me too.-我也喜歡。- Have more wine? -再來(lái)點(diǎn)酒喝嗎?- Not me.-我可不要了。D - May I speak to John? - This is _ speaking. A. heB. hisC. himD. himselfa. 在介詞在介詞 but，except 后，有時(shí)可用主格代替賓格。后，有時(shí)可用主格代替賓格。 All but