第5章DC_DC變換技術(shù)

1、返回OLLVI R2LTPIR0LI0CEV圖5-1 a 線性調(diào)節(jié)器模式 b 等效電路圖5-2a開關(guān)調(diào)節(jié)模式圖 5-2b等效電路圖 5-2c輸出電壓a 線性模式電源框圖b 開關(guān)模式電源(SMPS: Switch-mode power supply)框圖圖5-3線性電源和開關(guān)電源框圖返回123456ABCD654321DCBATitleNumberRevisionSizeBDate:5-Aug-2000 Sheet of File:D:licircuitlihong.ddbDrawn By:QDLCZVducaQDLCZVduccQDLCZVducbQDLCZVducdiCioioioioQ導(dǎo)通

2、Q關(guān)斷Q關(guān)斷時電感電流為零Buck電路圖LiLiLi圖5-5 Buck變換器原理圖及不同開關(guān)狀態(tài)下的等效電路圖 VGEiLILmaxILminIOVGEiLILmaxILminILminILmaxiQiDiCvOVOttttttttttttILmaxILmaxILmaxiCvOa 電感電流連續(xù)b 電感電流斷續(xù)000000000000IOQQVOtontoffTtonTtoff圖5-6 Buck電路圖各點波形ontt 0dtdiLVVLOddtdiLuLLontdt onOdLLonOdLOdtLVViitLVVdidtLVVonOdopenedLtLVVi )(dtdiLVLOOffOLOLt

3、LViLVdtdiOffOclosedLtLVi )(Tttonofftdt offOonOdtLVtLVVTtonTtoff)1 (dOVVLIOVOVOLCiiiOLIi OLIi LCiiCQVVCQCVQOOO8222TITISQLLCfICTICQUVLLCO88228)1 (8)(LCfVLCfVVUOodCCULOLRVI LRZ LfRVLfVRVIIILOOLOLLL2112)1 (2maxLfRVLfVRVIIILOOLOLLL2112)1 (2min0minLILfRL21)1 (1fRLLLC2)1 (maxLImaxLIonOdopenedLtLVVi )(offon

4、ttt)()(offonOclosedLttLVi1offonOonOdttLVtLVVTtTtTttttVVoffononoffonondO1dOdoffonLLVVVfLttiTQTI1221112dOVVContinuouspowerguiv+-Voltage Measurement1v+-Voltage MeasurementSeries RLC BranchScopeRPulseGeneratornode 10gmdsMosfetDiodeDC Voltage Sourcei+-Current Measurement3i+-Current Measurement2i+-Current

5、 Measurement1i+-Current MeasurementC2Li2TfRLLC2)1 (32LiI2232/LLRMSLiIIf1 .66123456ABCD654321DCBATitleNumberRevisionSizeBDate:27-Jul-2000Sheet of File:D:licircuitlihong.ddbDrawn By:QDLCZVduciCioBoost電路圖iLQDLCZVduciCioiLQDLCZVduciCioiLQDLCZVduciCioiLbQ導(dǎo)通Q關(guān)斷Q關(guān)斷時電感電流為零adc圖5-7 Boost電路及不同開關(guān)狀況下等效電路iLILmaxI

6、LminIiiLILmaxILminILminILmaxiQiDiCucUCttttttttttttILmaxILmaxILmaxiCuca 電感連流連續(xù)b 電感電流斷續(xù)000000000000IitontoffTtonTtoff-IOImax-IOVGEVGE-IOImax-IO圖5-8 Boost電路各點工作波形LVtidtdiLVdtdidtdiLVdonLLdLLdTLVtLVidondopenedL )(LVVtidtdiLVVdtdidtdiLVVOdoffLLOdLLOdTLVVtLVVidOoffdOclosedL)1 ()(dV1dOVVLdLddLdOLLOLdRVRVVR

7、VVIRVIV222211LTVRViIIdLdLLL2122maxLTVRVIIIdLdLLL2122min0minLI02122LTVRVdLdfRLLLC2)1 (2CUTItIUCQOonOCCfRVCTICQULOOCmaxLImaxLIondLopenedLtLVIimax)(maxLIoffontttmax()OdLclosedLoffVViItLoffoffondOtttVVTtoff1offdOLtLVVImaxmaxdLonVItLLfVIdLmaxLfVIIIdLiLG221maxContinuouspowerguiv+-Voltage Measurement1v+-Vo

8、ltage MeasurementSeries RLC BranchScopeRPulseGeneratornode 10gmdsMosfetDiodeDC Voltage Sourcei+-Current Measurement3i+-Current Measurement2i+-Current Measurement1i+-Current MeasurementC123456ABCD654321DCBAT itleN um berR evisionSizeBD ate:13-A ug-2000Sheet of File:D :licircuitlihong.ddbD raw n B y:Q

9、DCZVduciCioBuck-Boost電路圖iLbQ導(dǎo)通Q關(guān)斷Q關(guān)斷時電感電流為零adcLiDiuLQDCZVducioiLLiDiuLQDCZVduciCioiLLiDiuLQDCZVduciCioiLLiDiuLCi圖5-9 Buck-Boost電路原理圖dtdiLVLdLfVTLVtLViddondopenedL )(dtdiLVLOLfVLVTtLViOOoffOclosedL)1)1 ()(dOVV15 . 0dOUU5 . 0dOUU5 . 0dOUULRZ LOdRVIV2LII 2222211LdLddLdOLLOLdRVRVVRVVIRVIVLTVRViIIdLdLLL2

10、122maxLTVRVIIIdLdLLL2122minfRLLLTVRVLCdLd2102122OLOVCTRVQCfRVCRTVVLOLOOOdOdDVVVVV1OdOdQVVVVV1ondLopenedLtLVIimax)(offontttoffOLclosedLtLVIimax)(offondOttVVTtoff1offOLtLVImaxmaxdLonVItLLfVIdLmaxLfVIIIdLiLG221maxContinuouspowerguiv+-Voltage Measurement1v+-Voltage MeasurementSeries RLC BranchScopeRPuls

11、eGeneratornode 10gmdsMosfetDiodeDC Voltage Sourcei+-Current Measurement3i+-Current Measurement2i+-Current Measurement1i+-Current MeasurementC123456ABCD654321DCBATitleNumberRevisionSizeBDate:3-Sep-2000 Sheet of File:D:licircuitlihong.ddbDrawn By:QDLC2ZVduciC2ioQ導(dǎo)通iL1bLCiC1121+-QDLC2ZVduciC2ioCuk電路圖iL

12、1aLCiC1iD121+-QDLC2ZVduciC2ioQ關(guān)斷iL1cLCiD121+-QDLC2ZVducQ關(guān)斷時二極管電流為零dLC121+-圖5-11 Cuk變換器電路原理圖及等效電路iL1IL1maxIL1minIiiL1IL2maxIL2miniL2iQ+iDvL1ttttttttttttIL1maxiL2iQ+iDa 電感連流連續(xù)b 電感電流斷續(xù)000000000000tontoffTtonTtoffVGEVGEiQIL1minVinVoVinVoIL2maxIL2miniDVoVinVinVoIoIi+IoiQiDvL2圖5-12 CUK變換器工作波形OCVV121)(LVVO

13、CTLVtLVidondL111)(11222( )COCOLonVVVVitTLL 1CdVV 11LVVCdoffCdLtLVVi111)(TLVtLViOoffOL)1 ()(2222LVO211212OConOCoffOVVtLVVtLV12111111doffondCoffCdondVttVVtLVVtLV1dOVV222222111LdLddLdOLLOLdRVRVVRVVIRVIV12211max1212LTVRViIIdLdLLL12211min1212LTVRViIIdLdLLLfRLLLTVRVLCdLd2121211122LOLORVII2fLRVLTVRViIILdOL

14、OLLL2222max221112)1 (2fLRViIILdLLL222max221112LCLRfLLfLR212112222222CQVVCQCC8|22222TiTiQSLL22222288fCLVfCiCQVdLCContinuouspowerguiv+-Voltage Measurement3v+-Voltage Measurement2v+-Voltage Measurement1v+-Voltage MeasurementScopeRPulseGeneratornode 10gmdsMosfetL2L1DiodeDC Voltage Sourcei+-Current Measu

15、rement3i+-Current Measurement2i+-Current Measurement1i+-Current MeasurementC2C1返回123456ABCD654321DCBATitleNumberR evisionSizeBDate:20-M ar-2001Sheet of File:F:李 宏 電 路 圖 DISANTUDrawn B y:VC CTQD1CRN1 N2ipisVO*圖5-13 Fly-back變換器原理123456ABCD654321DCBATitleNumberRevisionSizeBDate:20-Mar-2001Sheet of File

16、:F:李宏電路圖DISANTUDrawn By:VINTQD1CRN1 N2VO*VINTQD1CRN1 N2VO*VINTQD1CRN1 N2VO*abc圖5-14 Fly-back變換器不同開關(guān)狀態(tài)的等效電路圖1( )INpVittL0minsIoffOsstLVII2maxmintLVItiOss2max)(max1INPonVItL1INVLOsoffVLIt2maxOsoffVLIt2maxVbeVbeIpmaxIpminILminIsmaxipistttttttttttIsmaxa 電感電流連續(xù)b 電感電流斷續(xù)0000000000tontoffTtonTtoffipisIpmaxV

17、N1VINOVNN21VN1OVNN21圖5-15 Fly-back變換器變壓器中的初、次級電流、磁通及初級電壓波形2max121PINILWTRVWLOOUT2221max2121max1112()222OPLINLonLPLOIN onVL ITRVR LtR L ILRVV tTTTLONVNNV211OINceVNNVV21OsoffVLIt2maxminmindtdNVonINtdtdtdNV,1offOtdtdtdNV,2ININoffonOoffOonINVNNVttNNVNtVNtV11212211121INININOINceVVVVNNVV015.0010.0019.50m2

18、0.00m19.80m2DGraphSel3 DATA.02.641.002.0019.50m20.00m19.80m2DGraphSel3 TFR1.-184.00100.00-100.00019.50m20.00m19.80m2DGraphSel3 TFR1.驅(qū)動信號波形（占空比40%）原邊電流波形原邊電壓波形-20.00m2.641.002.0019.50m20.00m19.80m2DGraphSel3 TFR1.副邊電流波形-100.0099.00019.50m20.00m19.80m2DGraphSel3 TFR1.副邊電壓波形02.641.002.0019.50m20.00m19.

19、80m2DGraphSel3 E1.I A電源電流（占空比40%）1234ABCD4321DCBATitleNumberRevisionSizeADate:27-Mar-2001Sheet of File:F:李宏電路圖lihong.ddbDrawn By:D3D1D2VINTQCLRffLWW123W*+-uuuw1w2w3VO+-iLf圖5-16 單端正激變換器的主電路1234ABCD4321DCBATitleNumberRevisionSizeADate:27-Mar-2001Sheet of File:F:李宏電路圖lihong.ddbDrawn By:D3D1D2VINTQCLRff

20、LWW123W*+-uuuw1w2w3VO+-iLfD3D1D2VINTQCLRffLWW123W*+-uuuw1w2w3VO+-iLfD3D1D2VINTQCLRffLWW123W*+-uuuw1w2w3VO+-iLf(a)Q導(dǎo)通(b)Q關(guān)斷(c)Q關(guān)斷，磁復(fù)位完成（a ）Q導(dǎo)通（b） Q 關(guān)斷，變壓器磁復(fù)位（c ）Q 關(guān)斷圖5-17 FORWARD變換器不同開關(guān)狀態(tài)下的等效電路TWVTTtWVtWVINonINonIN111)(INVdtdW1INWVWWu122dtdiLVVWWLffOIN32dtdiLVMMINtLVdtLViMINtKTKTMINMMLfWiiWWi211INWVu

21、3INWVWWu311INWVWWu322)1 (3131WWVVWWVVINININQINVdtdW3onrINtTWV3)(onMINonMINMWttLVWWtLVWWii3131303MWiiINQVV )(31onrINonINtTWVtWV)(31onrontTWWtonrontTtonrontTt5 . 0Tton5 . 0TtonoffonrttT5 . 0maxTtonINOVWWV12VbeiLfiW3ttttt00000tontoffTuW1VININVWW31TriMiW1IO圖5-18 主要波形09.002.004.006.009.80m10.00m9.85m9.90

22、m9.95m變壓器一次電流ip Lp1.I A-200.00m31.4010.0020.009.80m10.00m9.85m9.90m9.95m變壓器二次電流is -1.00 * ls.I A062.75m20.00m40.00m9.80m10.00m9.85m9.90m9.95m變壓器復(fù)位繞組電流iw3 Lp2.I A-945.00300.04-500.00-250.0009.80m10.00m9.85m9.90m9.95m變壓器一次繞組電壓 Lp1.V V-5.001.25k250.00500.00750.001.00k9.80m10.00m9.85m9.90m9.95m功率管ds電壓 M

23、OS1.V VHBBr-Br0HBBr-Br0圖5-19 典型的兩種磁芯磁滯特性曲線123456ABCD654321DCBATitleNumberRevisionSizeBDate:1-Apr-2001 Sheet of File:F:李宏電路圖lihong.ddbDrawn By:T1DZD1QD2D3C1L1VVINOC2*圖5-20將變壓器鐵芯的儲能反饋到變換器的輸出端 123456ABCD654321DCBATitleNumberRevisionSizeBDate:1-Apr-2001 Sheet of File:F:李 宏 電 路 圖 lihong.ddbDrawn By:T1DZD

24、1QD2D3C1L1VVINOC2*DZD1QD2D3L1VVINOC2*NNs -NrrT圖5-21 恒流源復(fù)位inVWW12inCEQVV21inCEQVV22123456ABCD654321DCBATitleNumberRevisionSizeBDate:5-Apr-2001 Sheet of File:F:李宏電路圖lihong.ddbDrawn By:QQDDTrVin1212W11W12W2vo圖5-22推挽式逆變器主電路Q1Q2voiRdttttinVWW12LdinRVWW122TTa 1800方波，電阻負(fù)載Q1Q2voiRdttttinVWW122TTb 1800方波，電感負(fù)

25、載T43T4TQ1Q2voiRdttttinVWW122TTc 小于1800方波，電阻負(fù)載ontLdinRVWW12Q1Q2voiLttttinVWW122TTc 小于1800方波，電感負(fù)載ont圖5-23 推挽式（PUSH-PULL）逆變器主要波形sOOLfVTLV222,4TT43,2TTTT,434, 0T-5.00600.00200.00400.009.90m10.00m9.92m9.94m9.96m9.98m功率管mos1的ds電壓 MOS1.V V-5.00675.00200.00400.009.90m10.00m9.92m9.94m9.96m9.98m功率管mos2的ds電壓 M

26、OS2.V V-300.00335.000200.009.90m10.00m9.92m9.94m9.96m9.98m輸出電壓 W2.V V-300.00300.000200.009.90m10.00m9.92m9.94m9.96m9.98m輸出電壓 W2.V V0600.00200.00400.009.90m10.00m9.92m9.94m9.96m9.98mmos1的ds電壓 MOS1.V V0600.00200.00400.009.90m10.00m9.92m9.94m9.96m9.98mmos2的ds電壓 MOS2.V V-2.50602.50200.00400.009.90m10.00

27、m9.92m9.94m9.96m9.98mMOS2的ds電壓 MOS2.V V-2.50602.50200.00400.009.90m10.00m9.92m9.94m9.96m9.98mMOS1的ds電壓 MOS1.V V-302.50302.50-200.000200.009.90m10.00m9.92m9.94m9.96m9.98mw2的電壓 W2.V V-302.50302.50-200.000200.009.90m10.00m9.92m9.94m9.96m9.98mw2的電壓 W2.V V-2.50602.50200.00400.009.90m10.00m9.92m9.94m9.96m

28、9.98mMOS1的ds電壓 MOS1.V V-2.50602.50200.00400.009.90m10.00m9.92m9.94m9.96m9.98mMOS2的ds電壓 MOS2.V V1234ABCD4321DCBATitleNumberRevisionSizeA4Date:5-Apr-2001 Sheet of File:F:李宏電路圖lihong.ddbDrawn By:QQDDTrVin1212W11W12W21DDDLCVOR1R2ffFWW22圖5-24推挽式DC-DC變換器主電路inVWW12/2onystDTyinDWWVV120tQ1Q2tinVWW12)(2221WWv

29、vtinVWW12DFWvtLfitt1DRi2DRitQ1Q2tinVWW12)(2221WWvvtinVWW12DFWvtLfittt1DRi2DRiDFWiabtQ1Q2tinVWW12)(2221WWvvtinVWW12DFWvtLfitt1DRi2DRitQ1Q2tinVWW12)(2221WWvvtinVWW12DFWvtLfittt1DRi2DRiDFWiab圖5-25 推挽變換器各點主要波形 a無續(xù)流二極管 b 有續(xù)流二極管FWD12122DDQQinVVVVVinDRDRVWWVV1221221DFWinOWVVVWLfDFWDRDRiIIII210maxmax2max121

30、2syfinLfTDLVWWi21max2maxmax014inDRDRDFWyfsVWIIIIDWL fsfyinpfLDVWWIWWI4)(212012max3 . 38 . 021 . 12 . 1-300.00350.000200.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mw11的電壓 W11.V V-300.00350.000200.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mw21的電壓 W21.V V-5.0020.0005.0010.0015.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mL1的電流 L1.I A

31、-5.0020.0005.0010.0015.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mMOS1和MOS2的電流 MOS1.I A MOS2.I A-5.0020.0005.0010.0015.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mD1的電流 D1.I A-5.0020.0005.0010.0015.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mD2的電流 D2.I A-5.0020.0005.0010.0015.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mD3的電流 D3.I A-5.0020.00

32、05.0010.0015.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mD3的電流 D3.I A-5.0020.0005.0010.0015.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mD1D2的電流 D1.I A D2.I A-5.0060.0020.0040.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mMOS1MOS22的電流 MOS1.I A MOS2.I A-5.0060.0020.0040.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mMOS1MOS22的電流 MOS1.I A MOS2.I A-5.

33、0060.0020.0040.009.98m10.00m9.99m9.99m10.00mMOS1MOS22的電流 10.00 * D1.I A 10.00 * D2.I A123456ABCD654321DCBATitleNumberR evisionSizeBDate:20-Jan-2002Sheet of File:F:李 宏 電 路 圖 LIHONG2.ddbDrawn B y:Q2Q1C1C2D1D2TrLW1W21W22*lkABDDLCRffLDR1R2VOinV圖5-26輸出為全波整流電路的半橋直流變換器的主電路圖5-27輸出為全波整流電路的半橋直流變換器主電路各點主要波形inA

34、BV21inABV21LfiWW1201DRiLfDRii12212221onininoySTVVWWVDWTW2SonyTTD inVWW12LfoiI21LfionfinonfinLfTLVWWTWWLVi221221sfyinoPQQfLDVWWIWWIII821212maxmaxmax21inABVv21inABVv21inABVv21inABVv212/sTlossDinABVv21inABVv21inABVv21221422lkLfsSlossSinL IftTWDTWV2inOVPI平均)(21222121CCfVPCCTIVsinOS平均CfVPVsinO2fCVpVVRFin

35、Oin22RFfVPCinO2-50.00m135.0050.00100.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mMOS1MOS22的電流 R1.V V MOS2.I A MOS1.I A20.0030.0022.0024.0026.0028.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mL1的電流 L1.I A-156.00154.00-100.000100.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mW1電壓 W1.V V-200.00m46.0010.0020.0030.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.

36、98m9.99m D1.I A D2.I A30RRRL123456ABCD654321DCBATitleNumberRevisionSizeBDate:10-Mar-2002Sheet of File:F:李宏電路圖LIHONG2.ddbDrawn By:C1C2ABinVR1R2R3Q1Q2C1C2ABinVR1R2R3Q1Q2C1C2ABinVR1R2R3Q1Q2i2i1i2i1圖5-28 半橋式變換器原理圖等效電路ABusUsVscsiRRsisiin)0()()()(2223121sUscsiRRsisi)0()()()(1113121)0()0(21UUVin 21313111211)(0CCRRteRRCCCUti 21313121212)(0CCRRteRRCCCUti 213131313210)()(CCRRtABeRRRURtitiu)0()0(21UUVinsUsVscsiRRsisiin)0()()()(1113221sUscsiRRsisi)0()()()(2223221 21323211221)(0CCRRteRRCCCUti 21323221222)(0CCRRteRRCCCUti 213232323210CCRRtBAeRRRURtitiu 2131100112C