高考英語(yǔ)中如何寫(xiě)描述現(xiàn)象類(lèi)說(shuō)明文

1、English WritingExposition 說(shuō)明文之現(xiàn)象描述類(lèi)說(shuō)明文之現(xiàn)象描述類(lèi) 說(shuō)明文說(shuō)明文是用簡(jiǎn)潔的文字介紹事物是用簡(jiǎn)潔的文字介紹事物的特性、構(gòu)造、變化或結(jié)果的文章。的特性、構(gòu)造、變化或結(jié)果的文章。高考中，說(shuō)明文常見(jiàn)的話題有：高考中，說(shuō)明文常見(jiàn)的話題有：產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)品介紹、地點(diǎn)描述、現(xiàn)象描述、方位描介紹、地點(diǎn)描述、現(xiàn)象描述、方位描寫(xiě)、變化分析、購(gòu)物指南和操作說(shuō)明寫(xiě)、變化分析、購(gòu)物指南和操作說(shuō)明等。等。寫(xiě)作這類(lèi)文章需注意以下幾點(diǎn)：寫(xiě)作這類(lèi)文章需注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1. 首先要讀題首先要讀題審題，審題，弄清需要說(shuō)明的內(nèi)弄清需要說(shuō)明的內(nèi)容，把握信息要點(diǎn)，容，把握信息要點(diǎn)，不可遺漏也不能隨意不可遺漏也

2、不能隨意添加。添加。2. 寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容要條理清楚，層次分明。說(shuō)寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容要條理清楚，層次分明。說(shuō)明明科技科技方面的內(nèi)容常用方面的內(nèi)容常用定義法、比較對(duì)比定義法、比較對(duì)比法、分類(lèi)法和因果法等法、分類(lèi)法和因果法等；說(shuō)明；說(shuō)明自然環(huán)境自然環(huán)境方方面的內(nèi)容常用面的內(nèi)容常用時(shí)空次序法與分類(lèi)法時(shí)空次序法與分類(lèi)法等。等。3. 時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，當(dāng)然若是介紹當(dāng)然若是介紹其歷史時(shí)，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；語(yǔ)態(tài)可其歷史時(shí)，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；語(yǔ)態(tài)可能用到能用到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；若是介紹地點(diǎn)環(huán)境；若是介紹地點(diǎn)環(huán)境等，要善于運(yùn)用等，要善于運(yùn)用there be結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。 在眾多說(shuō)明文中，在眾多說(shuō)明文中，描述現(xiàn)象、

3、提描述現(xiàn)象、提出解決方法類(lèi)出解決方法類(lèi)的說(shuō)明文是高考作文的說(shuō)明文是高考作文中最為常見(jiàn)的類(lèi)型。遇到改題目時(shí)，中最為常見(jiàn)的類(lèi)型。遇到改題目時(shí)，需要注意嚴(yán)格按照題目要求，分別需要注意嚴(yán)格按照題目要求，分別對(duì)該現(xiàn)象或問(wèn)題進(jìn)行對(duì)該現(xiàn)象或問(wèn)題進(jìn)行描述描述（包括其（包括其危害），接著危害），接著提出解決措施提出解決措施，最后，最后進(jìn)行進(jìn)行總結(jié)總結(jié)。 開(kāi)頭：描述現(xiàn)象開(kāi)頭：描述現(xiàn)象/問(wèn)題問(wèn)題 開(kāi)頭即首段作為一篇文章的門(mén)面，其開(kāi)頭即首段作為一篇文章的門(mén)面，其重要性是顯而易見(jiàn)的，需要在表達(dá)、重要性是顯而易見(jiàn)的，需要在表達(dá)、選詞、句型、書(shū)寫(xiě)各方面花功夫，現(xiàn)選詞、句型、書(shū)寫(xiě)各方面花功夫，現(xiàn)象描述類(lèi)文章尤為如此。文章一開(kāi)

4、始，象描述類(lèi)文章尤為如此。文章一開(kāi)始，我們就需要對(duì)該現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行描述，語(yǔ)言我們就需要對(duì)該現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行描述，語(yǔ)言需精煉，淺嘗輒止，不能過(guò)度發(fā)揮。需精煉，淺嘗輒止，不能過(guò)度發(fā)揮。 (1) In recent days/ Recently/Nowadays, we have to face the problem that +現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象/問(wèn)題問(wèn)題，which is becoming more and more serious. First/For one thing, 現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象 A. Second/For another, 現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象B. In recent days/ Recently/Nowadays, w

5、e have to face the problem that wasting can be seen anywhere on campus，which is becoming more and more serious. First/For one thing, some students leave lights on in the daytime, water running after washing and remains a lot of food after eating on the table. Second/For another, some even ask their

6、parents for more pocket money.(2) There is no denying/doubt that + 現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象/問(wèn)題問(wèn)題 is becoming more and more serious (+地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)), for example +具體現(xiàn)象具體現(xiàn)象 There is no denying/ doubt that wasting is becoming more and more serious on campus, for examle- (3) With the development of society, most of us have witnesse

7、d + 現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象/ 現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象+ has been brought into focus/ 現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象+ has aroused great concern, which may have a certain influence on the society.2. 2. 主體：提出自己的觀點(diǎn)主體：提出自己的觀點(diǎn) 主體部分是文章最重要的一部分，主體部分是文章最重要的一部分，主要是分析該現(xiàn)象，或是對(duì)如何解決主要是分析該現(xiàn)象，或是對(duì)如何解決該問(wèn)題進(jìn)行描述，有時(shí)題目已給出，該問(wèn)題進(jìn)行描述，有時(shí)題目已給出，按要求寫(xiě)完適當(dāng)拓展即可。如沒(méi)有，按要求寫(xiě)完適當(dāng)拓展即可。如沒(méi)有，則需認(rèn)真思考，并注意所提出方案的則需認(rèn)

8、真思考，并注意所提出方案的可行性、邏輯性?？尚行浴⑦壿嬓?。A.A.描述現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生原因描述現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生原因 （1）The reason why it develops/ happens/ occurs is that + 原因原因 （2）Many reasons/ factors will contribute to the phenomenon. First/ Firstly-; Second/Secondly,- (3) The reason of the phenomenon lies in several aspects.B.B.描述現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生影響描述現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生影響 （1）Lots of harm

9、/ benefit is caused/ will be caused by the phenomenon. （2）Many results can be seen because of/ due to/ owing to the phenomenon. First of all, + 影響影響1；Whats worse/ more,+影響影響2；In addition/ Besides, +影影響響3注意：注意：常用的表示因果關(guān)系的短語(yǔ)：常用的表示因果關(guān)系的短語(yǔ)：as a result/consequence of + +原因；原因； as a result/ consequence + +

10、結(jié)果結(jié)果; ;because of/ owing to/ due to/ thanks to+ +名詞詞組名詞詞組; ;C.提出解決問(wèn)題措施提出解決問(wèn)題措施 (1) But how to solve this problem. In my opinion, first of all +方法方法1. Besides/ In addition, +方法方法2. Last but not least, +方法方法3.（2）We should take a series of effective measures to cope/deal/do with the situation. For one

11、thing/On the one hand, +方法方法1. For another/On the other hand +方法方法2. Finally, +方法方法3.(3) When talking about how to solve this problem, every one has his ideas. As far as I am concerned, we should begin with+方法方法1. Furthermore/ Moreover, +方法方法2；Thirdly,+原因原因3. 表達(dá)表達(dá)“在我看來(lái)在我看來(lái)”的短語(yǔ)的短語(yǔ)As far as I am conce

12、rned;In my opinion/ eyes/ view;As for me;Personally speaking;As far as I can see;It seems to me that-常用連接詞：常用連接詞： (1) First/Firstly/ First of all/ To begin with/The most important one is that- (2) Second/ Secondly- Besides/ In addition/ Furthermore/ Moreover- For one thing-For another- On the one ha

13、nd-One the other hand- (3) Third/ Thirdly/ Finally- Last but not least-3. 3. 結(jié)尾：總結(jié)全文結(jié)尾：總結(jié)全文 最后對(duì)文章進(jìn)行總結(jié)，如對(duì)未來(lái)進(jìn)行最后對(duì)文章進(jìn)行總結(jié)，如對(duì)未來(lái)進(jìn)行展望應(yīng)該積極向上。展望應(yīng)該積極向上。A&B All in all; In a word/ conclusion/ short/ As is said/ stated above，I believe +現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象 should get improved. All in all; In a word/ conclusion/ short/ As i

14、s said/ stated above，I believe +現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象 will get improved/ be solved if we all take action from ourselves.C.C.提出解決問(wèn)題措施提出解決問(wèn)題措施 All in all/ In a word/ conclusion/ short/As is said/ stated above，I believe the phenomenon of wasting on campus will get improved/ be solved if we all act from ourselves. With

15、the development of society, most of us have witnessed + 現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象 which may have a certain influence on the society. 模板示例一模板示例一描述現(xiàn)象，闡述影響并說(shuō)出自己觀點(diǎn)描述現(xiàn)象，闡述影響并說(shuō)出自己觀點(diǎn) First of all, + 影響影響1；Whats worse/ more,+影響影響2；In addition/ Besides, +影影響響3. All in all; In a word/ conclusion/ short/ As is said/ stated above，I

16、 believe +現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象 should get improved. Recently, we have to face the problem that +現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象/問(wèn)題，問(wèn)題，which is becoming more and more serious. First/For one thing, 現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象 A. Second/For another, 現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象B.模板示例二模板示例二詳細(xì)描述現(xiàn)象，并提出解決措施類(lèi)詳細(xì)描述現(xiàn)象，并提出解決措施類(lèi) But how to solve this problem. In my opinion, first of all +方法方法1. Besid

17、es, +方方法法2. Last but not least, +方法方法3. In a word，I believe +現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象 will get improved/ be solved if we all act from ourselves. With the development of society, 現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象+ has been brought into focus, which may have a certain influence on the society.模板示例三模板示例三描述現(xiàn)象及產(chǎn)生原因并說(shuō)出自己觀點(diǎn)描述現(xiàn)象及產(chǎn)生原因并說(shuō)出自己觀點(diǎn) Many reasons/

18、factors will contribute to the phenomenon. For one thing, +原原因因1. For another , +原因原因2. Finally, +原原因因3. In a word，I believe +現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象 should get improved. 假如你是假如你是A中學(xué)高三的學(xué)生李華，你中學(xué)高三的學(xué)生李華，你在坐公車(chē)的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)越來(lái)越多的年輕人在坐公車(chē)的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)越來(lái)越多的年輕人在面對(duì)老年人時(shí)，選擇視而不見(jiàn)，絕不在面對(duì)老年人時(shí)，選擇視而不見(jiàn)，絕不讓座。請(qǐng)你給市長(zhǎng)寫(xiě)一封信，向他描述讓座。請(qǐng)你給市長(zhǎng)寫(xiě)一封信，向他描述這一現(xiàn)象，并嘗試分析該現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原這一現(xiàn)象，并嘗試分析該現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因及危害，提出解決措施。因及危害，提出解決措施。內(nèi)容包括：內(nèi)容包括： 年輕人不讓座現(xiàn)象年輕人不讓座現(xiàn)象 該現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生原因及危害