現(xiàn)在完成時講解(1)

1、語法練習(xí)課語法練習(xí)課 1.She works in a factory. 2.I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 3.We are going to have a picnic this Sunday.4.They held a sports meeting last week. 5.Are you doing your homework ?過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時一般將來時一般將來時一般過去時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時不同時間發(fā)生的動作，動詞要用不同形式不同時間發(fā)生的動作，動詞要用不同形式名稱名稱時間時間 動詞形式動詞形式一般現(xiàn)在時

2、一般現(xiàn)在時平時，經(jīng)常平時，經(jīng)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時正在進(jìn)行正在進(jìn)行一般將來時一般將來時即將，計劃即將，計劃 1.will/shall+v原形原形2.am/is/are going to +v原形原形一般過去時一般過去時過去（與現(xiàn)過去（與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)）在無關(guān)）1.v-ed（規(guī)則動詞）（規(guī)則動詞）2.不規(guī)則動詞不規(guī)則動詞過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時過去某一時過去某一時間，在進(jìn)行間，在進(jìn)行was/were+v-ing1.v原形原形 2. v三單三單am/is/are+v-ing1.will/shall+v原形原形2.be going to +v原形原形3.be+ving 4 be about to + v原形原

3、形1.v-ed（規(guī)則動詞）（規(guī)則動詞）2.不規(guī)則動詞不規(guī)則動詞was/were+v-ing現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語短暫性動詞與時間段的關(guān)系短暫性動詞與時間段的關(guān)系have been 與與have gone 比較比較與一般過去時的用法比較與一般過去時的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法- Its so dark.- Its so dark.-Someone -Someone has turnedhas turned off the light. off the light.

4、(有人剛把燈關(guān)了有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑現(xiàn)在很黑)- Are you free?-I -I have finishedhave finished my homework. I am free my homework. I am free( (我已我已經(jīng)經(jīng)完成了家庭作完成了家庭作業(yè)業(yè),對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空)1. 1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 I have learnt English for more than I have learnt English for

5、more than ten years. ten years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語。多年的英語。(從從10年前開始年前開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))She has swum since half an hour ago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個小時我已經(jīng)游泳了半個小時(半個小時前已經(jīng)開始游泳半個小時前已經(jīng)開始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游到現(xiàn)在還在游)現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法2.2.表示表示過去過去已經(jīng)開始已經(jīng)開始, , 持續(xù)到持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)態(tài). .常與常與since + since + 過去的時間點，過去的時間點，for + for + 一段時一段時

6、間，間，so far so far 等時間狀語連用。等時間狀語連用。1. 1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果影響或結(jié)果。 2.2.表示表示過去過去已經(jīng)開始已經(jīng)開始, , 持續(xù)到持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)動作或狀態(tài), , 2.現(xiàn)在完成時動詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時動詞構(gòu)成: have / has + v 過去分詞過去分詞 助動詞助動詞否定否定haventhasnt疑問疑問Have you?Has he?I, finish, homeworkI havent finished my homework.Have you finished your homewo

7、rk?Yes, I have. / No, I havent.I have finished my homework.練習(xí)造句練習(xí)造句陳述句陳述句否定句否定句一般疑問句及回答一般疑問句及回答按要求改變句子。1. She has done her homework. (改否定句)2. She has already told us the news. (改否定句)3. The rain has already stopped. (改一般疑問句)4. I have waited here for two hours. (劃線提問)5.He has lived in ShangHai since h

8、e left Beijing. (劃線提問)6. They have bought a new car, _ _? (反義疑問句) 7. She has learned French since 2002. (同意句) She has learned French _ 2 years. She has learned French _ 2 years _. She hasnt done her homework. She hasnt told us the news yet. Has the rain stopped yet?How long have you waited here ?hav

9、ent they forsinceagoWhere has he lived since he left Beijing? 常用于現(xiàn)在完成時的時間副詞常用于現(xiàn)在完成時的時間副詞,介詞介詞:already (已經(jīng)): 用于肯定句I have already posted the letter .yet(已經(jīng)): 用于否定句,疑問句 He hasnt done his homework yet.just(剛剛) They have just left. ever(曾經(jīng)) Have you ever been to Beijing ?never(從不) I have never seen him .

10、before(以前) Have you seen the film before?since(自從以來) Ive worked in the school since 1999.for(長達(dá)多久時間) Hes lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.in the past several days / weeks/ years(在過去的)recently(最近) I have not written to my parents recently.so far(到目前為止) So far she has learned 5 English songs.up to now(到目

11、前為止)現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時尤其注意常與for, since引導(dǎo)的時間短語或從句連用.for+ 時間段since+時間點 , since+ 過去式句子，since+時間段+agosince: (自自以來以來)1)since+時間點時間點 從五點開始他就一直呆在這里從五點開始他就一直呆在這里。He has stayed here since 5 oclock.2)since+ 時間段時間段+ ago 從五小時前他就開始一直呆在這里從五小時前他就開始一直呆在這里。He has stayed here since 5 hours ago.3)since+ 從句從句 自從他來到這里后就開始教英語自從他

12、來到這里后就開始教英語。She has taught English since he came here. for: (長達(dá)）長達(dá)） for+ 時間段時間段 他擁有這本書兩個月了他擁有這本書兩個月了。 He has kept the book for 2 weeks.since , for 的用法的用法: Take notes 實義動詞分為: 1) 瞬間動詞 2)延續(xù)動詞 瞬間動詞瞬間動詞joinbegin/startborrowfinish/endarrive/comeleavediebuy注意注意: 瞬間動詞不能和瞬間動詞不能和時間段時間段連用連用. method 1: 動作動作狀態(tài)狀態(tài)

13、die be over leaveborrow/buy arrive begin end/finish join marrykeep/had be away be here be on(上演） be married be in be dead他的爺爺已經(jīng)去世2年了。 Nick 參軍3年了. 他離開深圳好長時間了。 這本書我已借了4個月了. His grandpa has been dead for 2 years. Nick has been in the army for 3 years. He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time. I h

14、ave had/kept the book for 4 months. method 2: It is + 時間段 since +一般過去時的句子.他的爺爺已經(jīng)去世2年了。 Nick 參軍3年了. 他離開深圳好長時間了。 這本書我已借了4個月了. It is 2 years since his grandpa died. It is 3 years since Nick joined the army. It is a long time since he left Shenzhen. It is 4 months since I borrowed the book . 短暫性短暫性動詞與時間

15、段的關(guān)系動詞與時間段的關(guān)系 短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時不能與時間段連用間段連用，這些動詞是：，這些動詞是：等。等。在完成式中表述這種意思在完成式中表述這種意思, ,我們常用相我們常用相應(yīng)的應(yīng)的來代替短暫性動詞。來代替短暫性動詞。四四. become become be be, begin , begin havehave , , borrow borrow keepkeep, buy , buy havehave, , come (go, arrive, get) come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/inbe here

16、/there/in， die die be be deaddead, finish , finish be overbe over, , join join be in be in （be a member of be a member of ） leaveleave be away ( from), be away ( from), 但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以與時間段連用。以與時間段連用。如：如：I havent bought the bike for a I havent bought the bike for a year. year. 我買這輛自行車還不到一

17、年。我買這輛自行車還不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. She hasnt come here for an hour. 她來這兒還沒有一個小時。她來這兒還沒有一個小時。 翻翻 譯譯 練練 習(xí)：習(xí)： 1. 1.我買了這塊手表五年了。我買了這塊手表五年了。 2. 2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。 I I have boughthave bought this watch for five years. this watch for five years. I I have hadhave had this watch this watc

18、h forfor five five years/years/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.ago. The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years. for ten years. The old man The old man has been deadhas been dead for ten for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago.years ago.WW 3.3.他已經(jīng)回來三天了。他已經(jīng)回來三天了。 4. 4.自從六點鐘他就來這兒了。自從

19、六點鐘他就來這兒了。 5. 5.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。 He He has come backhas come back for 3 days. for 3 days. He He has been backhas been back forfor 3 days/ 3 days/sincesince 3 3 days days agoago. . He He has come herehas come here since 6 oclock. since 6 oclock. He He has been herehas been here since 6 oclock. si

20、nce 6 oclock. I I have lefthave left hometown for 10 years. hometown for 10 years. I I have been away fromhave been away from hometown for 10 hometown for 10 years. years.WWW五五.have been 與與have gone 的用法比較的用法比較 have been to 意思是意思是“到過，去過到過，去過”，表示表示曾經(jīng)到過某處曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了

21、去了”，表示，表示已已經(jīng)去了經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。已在那兒了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某處一段呆在某處一段時間了時間了”1. HasHas she ever she ever been tobeen to Nanjing? Nanjing?她曾去過南京嗎？她曾去過南京嗎？ 2.You You have have nevernever beenbeen there, have you? there, have you?你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？ 3.I I have been tohave been

22、 to Guiling ,I went there Guiling ,I went there last year. last year.我去過桂林，我去年去的。我去過桂林，我去年去的。 4.She She has gone tohas gone to Nanjing. Nanjing. 她已經(jīng)去南京了。她已經(jīng)去南京了。 六六.與一般過去時的用法比較一一. .現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都是說過現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都是說過去的事情，去的事情，; ;而一而一般過去時，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的般過去時，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系動作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。 eg：He has bought

23、 an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買過一本英漢字典。他曾買過一本英漢字典。第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“He He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “he still has it” “過去他買了一本英漢字典，過去他買了

24、一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” ” 。第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強典這一事實，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強 調(diào)說明。調(diào)說明。二時間狀語的區(qū)別：二時間狀語的區(qū)別： 當(dāng)有一個表示當(dāng)有一個表示過去某一特定時間過去某一特定時間的狀語時，的狀語時，不用現(xiàn)在完成時，而用一般過去時不用現(xiàn)在完成時，而用一般過去時: : eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時總是與現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時總是與since+since+時間時間點

25、，點，for +for +時間段連用。時間段連用。eg： They have known each other since 1950 . Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.選用選用 forfor和和 sincesince填空填空: :1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years 2.His father has been in

26、 the Party _ 10 years ago.ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.years.6. Its

27、 five years _ we met last time.6. Its five years _ we met last time.forforsincesinceforforsincesinceforforsincesince用用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.for half a year.Mum is not at home now. she _ the Mum i

28、s not at home now. she _ the shop.shop._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Yes, he _ here for several days.Where is Peter? I dont know where he Wher

29、e is Peter? I dont know where he _._.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been The house is dirty. We _it for weeks. A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent clean

30、ed 2. -_the sports meeting might be put off. -Yes, it all depends on the weather. A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told 3. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be 4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several tim

31、es. A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -Will you go to Beijing for vacation ?-I _ to go , but I dont know if I can go . A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been planning 6. -When will they leave ?-They _very soon .A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave 7 -Was he studyin

32、g for an exam ? -Yes , hes _ it last week.A doing B to take C making D to give8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth _ round.A is B would C was D were9. She _ such an interesting book before.A was never reading B will never read C had never read D has never read 10.How long do you think the me

33、eting _ A is lasting B is lasted C will last D lasts 改改 錯錯1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last August.4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business.5. He has gone out for two years.st

34、udiedkeptbeengonebeen1. 你曾經(jīng)吃過魚和薯條嗎？你曾經(jīng)吃過魚和薯條嗎？2. 我剛剛丟了我的語文書。我剛剛丟了我的語文書。3. 我以前從來沒去過那個公園。我以前從來沒去過那個公園。4. 他已經(jīng)吃過午飯了。他已經(jīng)吃過午飯了。5. 你已經(jīng)看過這部電影了嗎？你已經(jīng)看過這部電影了嗎？5 Have you seen this movie yet?1.Have you eatten fish and french frise?2.I have lost my Chinese book.3 I have never been to that park.4.He has already h

35、ad lunch.34Translate them into English. 1.你以前做過風(fēng)箏嗎? 2. 我從來沒有見過這么奇怪的人3. 到現(xiàn)在你學(xué)了多少英語單詞?4. 這部電影他已經(jīng)看過5遍了. 5. 最近有沒有讀一些有趣的書?6 . 在過去幾天里, 你吃了什么?7. 自從她搬到上海以后, 我就沒見過她. Have you made a kite before ? Ive never seen such a strange man. How many English words have you learned so far?He has already seen this film 5

36、 times. Hare you read any interesting books recently ? What have you eaten in the past several days? I havent met her since she moved to Shanghai . 動詞以及過去式和過去分詞。 1.be- e 3.go- 4.do 5.have- 6.drink 7.give- 8. eat 9.know- 10.make 11.run- 12.say 13.see- 14.find 15.draw- 16.get 17.hear- 18.begin 19.buy-

37、 20.leavewas/were -beencame-comewent-gonedid-donehad-haddrank-drunkgave-givenate-eatenknew-knownmade-maderan-runsaid-saidsaw-seenfound-founddrew-drawngot-gotheard-heardbegan-begunbought-boughtleft-left寫出下列動詞的過去式及過去分詞寫出下列動詞的過去式及過去分詞1 become_-_2 break_-_3 bring _-_4 build_-_5 bite_-_6 catch_-_7 choose

38、_-_8 cut_-_9 fall_-_10 fly_-_11 forget_-_12 grow_-_13 hit_-_14 hurt_-_15 keep_-_16 lend_-_17 lose_-_18 meet_-_19 put_-_20read_-_21 ring_-_became becomebroke brokenbrought broughtbuilt builtbit bitcaught caughtchose chosencut cutfell fallenflew flownforgot forgottengrew grownhit hithurt hurtkept kept

39、lent lentlost lostmet metput putread readrang rung寫出下列動詞的過去式及過去分詞。1 leave -_-_2 catch-_-_3 tell-_-_4 stand-_-_5 get-_-_6 hurt-_-_7 put-_-_8 come-_-_9 run-_-_10 begin-_-_11 swim-_-_12 draw-_-_13 know-_-_14 do-_-_15 go-_-_16 give-_-_17 see-_-_18 drive-_-_19 take-_-_20 be-_-_21 eat-_-_22 write-_-_23 sp

40、eak-_-_24 steal-_-_25 tear-_-_ left left caught caught told told stood stood got got hurt hurt put put came come ran run began begun swam swum drew drawn knew known did done went gone gave given saw seen drove driven took taken was,were been ate eaten wrote written spoke spoken stole stolen tore tor

41、n1.The English professor arrived here about a week ago The English professor _ _ here for about a week .2.Her husband started to work on the farm three hours ago . Her husband _ _ on the farm for three hours .3.The French musician came to China last month , and he is still here . The French musician

42、 _ _ _ China for a month .4.He joined the army in 1985 . He _ _ _ the army _ 1985 .5.He joined the League half a year ago . He has been a League _ _ half a year . 改寫句子，使原句的意思不變，每空一詞。has beenhas workedhas been in has been in sincemember for 6.The bus left five minutes ago . The bus _ already _ _ for

43、five minutes .7.The girl bought a new school bag in September . The girl _ _ the school bag since September .8. The shop closed last winter . The shop _ _ _ since last winter .9. The film began ten minutes ago . The film _ _ _ for ten minutes .10. The dog died two days ago . The dog _ _ _ for two days . 11. The meeting ended last month . The meeting _ _ _ for a month . has been away has hadhas been closed has been on has been deadhas been over Learning more about present perfect tense.1 A: Where is your father? S