漢英翻譯教程期末考試復(fù)習(xí)要點MicrosoftWord文檔

1、僅供個人參考Fdtae肂1.直譯法芇(1)英譯按原文的字面翻譯，其比喻意義同原文一樣生動，譯文使讀者能很快聯(lián)想起英文 中的對等成語.如：膄竭澤而漁to drain a pond to catch all the fish (相當(dāng)于 kill the goose that lays the goldeneggs)芃 2) 打草驚蛇 to stir up the grass and alert the snake (相當(dāng)于 wake a sleeping dog)袁 3)易如反掌 to be as easy as turning over one ' s(相當(dāng)d于 as easy as f

2、alling off a log)莇 4) 玩火自焚 to get burnt by the fire kin dled by on eself ( 相當(dāng)于 fry in one ' s own grease)薅 5)掌上明珠 a pearl in the palm (相當(dāng)于 the apple of one ' s eye)羅 6)對牛彈琴 to play the lute to a cow (相當(dāng)于 cast pearls before swine)薀 7)守口如瓶 to keep one ' s mouth closed like a bottl相(當(dāng)于 keep

3、 a still tongue in one ' s head)莇 8) 雪中送炭 to send charcoal in snowy weather (相當(dāng)于 help a lame dog over a stile)羆 9)畫蛇添足 to draw a snake and add feet to it(相當(dāng)于 paint the lily)蒃(2)不少漢語成語不一定有非常對等的英語成語，但它們的字面翻譯也能使譯文讀者得到正確無誤的形象意義.如：荿 1) 聲東擊西 to shout in the east and strike in the west蒆 2) 刻骨銘心 to be e

4、ngraved on one ' s heart and bones莇 3)井底之蛙 to be like a frog at the bottom of a well膅4)調(diào)虎離山 to lure the tiger from the mountain蒂 5) 口蜜腹劍 to be hon ey-mouthed and dagger-hearted薆2.意譯法蒄女口：手忙腳亂in a frantic rush立竿見影 get instant results薃它雖難以保全成語的文化特色和具體形象，卻能簡潔明快的反應(yīng)出成語的喻義。賺 1) 粗枝大葉：with big branches a

5、nd large leaves to be crude and careless蚆 2) 無孔不入 to take advantage of every weaknessto get into every hole裊 3) 揚眉吐氣 to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath to feel proud and elated芅) 燈紅酒綠 with red lights and green wine dissipated and luxurious羀 5) 大張旗鼓 to make a great array of flags and drums on

6、 a large and spectacular scale羀 6) 海闊天空(to talk) at random with a vast sea and a boundless sky芆 7) 風(fēng)雨飄搖(of a situation) being unstable the wind and rain are rocking螂有一部分漢語成語帶著一定的中國文化背景，有的成語在字羃面上就含中國古代的人名，地名，有的出自寓言或歷史的典故肀對這部分成語，字面翻譯是無法為外國讀者所接受的.如加上螇解釋性文字，就失去了成語精練的特點.我們最好蒄的辦法就是繞開其文化背景，直接譯出其真正的螁內(nèi)含意義.1)

7、 毛遂自薦 to volunteer one' s service膀 2) 葉公好龍 professed love of what one really fears腿 3) 南柯一夢 a fond dream or illusory joy羂 4)四面楚歌 to be besieged on all sides薀 5) 錙銖必較 to haggle over every penny芀 6) 罄竹難書(of crime) too numerous to mention芄 7) 初出茅廬 at the beg inning of one ' s career蚄 8)傾國傾城 to

8、be exceedingly beautiful艿 9） 懸梁刺股 to be extremely hard- working in one ' s study莀 10） 東施效顰crude imitation with ludicrous effect蚅3套譯法。肂指套用譯語中某個與漢語成語喻義相近的莂成語來進(jìn)行翻譯的方法?？煞譃椋荷B1）兩個成語的字面意義和蘊含意義基本一致。如：肆赴湯蹈火 go through fire and water 七顛八倒 at sixes and sevens襖滴水穿石 constant dripping wears away the stone肁垂頭喪

9、氣 in low spirits 雜亂無章 out of order蕿英雄所見略同Great mi nds think alike.蕆2）兩個成語的比喻形象有所差異，但比喻意義基本一致。如：節(jié)小題大做 make a mou nta in out of a molehill袀洗心革面 turn over a new leaf 過河拆橋 kick down the ladder蕿乳臭未干 be wet beh ind the ears, 格格不入 be like square pegs in round holes薄大發(fā)雷霆 blow one ' s to橫行霸道 throw one &#

10、39; s weight about羄物以類聚 Birds of a feather flock together. 一文不名 without a penny to one ' s name蠆弱不禁風(fēng) as weak as water 山窮水盡 at the end of one ' s rope蠆揚眉吐氣 to hold one ' s head high羅3）漢語成語原本是翻譯的產(chǎn)物，因此可直接以英語成語回譯之。如：蒁 君子協(xié)定 a gentleman ' s agreement石不生苔 A rolling stone gathers no moss.螞 吠

11、犬不咬人 A bark ing dog n ever bites.火中取栗 pull the chest nuts out of the fire 蝿4加注法。它是在譯文中添加讀者理解成語所需的文化信息和背景知識，其特點在于既能 保留成語的比喻形象和文化蘊含，又能確保譯文容易為譯語讀者所理解接受。蒞5增譯法。指在譯文中直接增補理解成語所需的相關(guān)信息。膃總而言之，翻譯漢語成語時，為了保留原文形象，能直譯則盡量直譯,即按字面翻譯；不能直譯時，我們也不能因詞害義，可以翻譯其實際意義；如能在英文中找到意義完 全對等的成語，我們也可采用這種套譯法。蒀一般來說，正規(guī)文體中，漢語成語多采用形象的衿逐字翻譯；

12、非正規(guī)文體中，多采用簡潔的大意翻譯。螆62四字格的翻譯策略蟻四字格又稱四字結(jié)構(gòu)，是漢語的腿一種獨特的詞匯現(xiàn)象。它是由四個漢字罿組成的詞語。其詞語內(nèi)部的組合關(guān)系也相對穩(wěn)定。腿四字格包括漢語中所有四個字組成的詞語結(jié)構(gòu)，也就包括了四字成語。雖然成語也有三字成語和多字成語，但大多數(shù)成語是四字結(jié)構(gòu)，因此四字格和成語的翻譯方法有不少共同之處。莃但值得注意的是，有不少四字結(jié)構(gòu)或前后兩部分意義重復(fù)，或前后兩部分只具備整體意義。翻譯時只需譯出一個意義或整體意義，以避免譯文累贅。如節(jié)生動活潑lively光輝燦爛 brilliant植樹造林 afforestation 繁榮昌盛 prosperous聿豐功偉績 gr

13、eat achieveme nts 風(fēng)調(diào)雨順 good weather for the crops莄 聲嘶力竭 o shout on eself hoarse 心灰意懶 to feel dishearte ned 雞皮疙瘩 goose-flesh肅天長地久 as old as the hills羈總之，四字格的翻譯是靈活多樣的，既要照顧形式，也不必拘泥于形式。但也不能完全不 顧形式造成濫譯和誤譯，必須以語義相符、功能相似為客觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，盡可能使譯文自然、貼切, 可讀性強。如以下四字格及供參考譯文：膈質(zhì)地優(yōu)良 to be excelle nt in quality / with superior q

14、uality螅品種齊全 in complete range of articles選料考究 choice material蒃做工精細(xì)fine workma nship色澤鮮明 bright-colored螀貨到付款payme nt aga inst arrival名牌產(chǎn)品 n ame brand product膈馳名中外to be popular both at home and abroad 久負(fù)盛名 with a long sta nding reputati on膆萬古流芳will be remembered throughout the age芅名垂青史to go down in hi

15、story 家喻戶曉 o be widely known 假冒產(chǎn)品 fake goods蕿偽劣產(chǎn)品low-quality goods 歡迎訂購 order welcome 投資熱點 investment hot spot羋敬請光臨You' re in vited to come 工業(yè)園區(qū) in dustrial Park 經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū) special econo mic zone薇土地租賃land lease 國有資產(chǎn) state assets無形資產(chǎn) intangible assets蚃物價指數(shù)price-rise index 開拓進(jìn)取 to work hard with a pione

16、ering spirit薂德才兼?zhèn)鋡ith both professional ability and political integrity莈公平競爭fair competition 國家機關(guān) state agency蚄懲治腐敗in terestto combat corruption 暫行條例interim regulations 合法權(quán)益 lawful right and莄長治久女to maintain Iong-term stability莁諺語的翻譯蒈（一）直譯方法，把原文的內(nèi)容，形式和精神都輸入到譯文中去，努力減少翻譯中的損失。肄1.）明槍易躲，暗箭難防袂It is easy to

17、 dodge a spear in the open, but hard to guard against an arrow shot fromhidi ng.腿2）城門失火，殃及池魚薈 a fire on city wall brings disaster to the fish in the moat.蒅3）路謠知馬力，日久見人心.薄 As a long road tests a horse ' s strength, so a long task proves a person' s heart 膂 4）初生牛犢不怕虎.New-born calves make littl

18、e of tigers.蚈 5）落井 下石 Hit a man when he is down.祎 6）天下烏鴉一般黑 All crows are equally black.肂7）秀才不出門，全知天下事。羈Without stepping outside his gate, the scholar knows all the wide world' s affairs.螈（二）意譯芇 1）眾人拾柴火焰高M(jìn)any hands make light work.螄 2） 此地?zé)o銀三百兩 .a. A guilty person gives himself away by蝕con spicuo

19、usly protesti ng his innocence, b. no 300 taels of silver buried here.螇 3） 君子一言，駟馬難追A word spoken is past recalling蒄 4） 生靈涂炭plunge the people into misery and suffering膂（三）套譯：一方面可使譯文更加通順；另一方面更容易為譯文讀者理解和接受葿 1） 三思而后行.Look before you leap.（直譯：think thrice and then do it.）袇2）愛屋及烏Love me, love my dog.3）心有

20、余而力不足The spirit is willing but the fleshis weak.4） 貓哭老鼠 to shed crocodile tears.5） 笨鳥先飛 The early bird catches the worm.裊6） 新官上任三把火 A new broom sweeps clean. 7） 人靠衣裳馬靠鞍 A tailor makes the man.襖8） 一朝被蛇咬十年怕井繩 A burnt child dreads the fire.蒂1）大伯笑呵呵地對我說：我們北方人都喜歡睡炕，你也將就點吧.俗話說：入鄉(xiāng)隨俗嘛.羇 Uncle said to me smi

21、lingly,“we northerners like to sleep on our kangs. You' ll have to put upwith it. As the proverb goes, Do as the Roma ns do .”芆2）謀事在人，成事在天”，咱們謀到了，靠菩薩的保佑，有些機會，也未可知。（紅樓夢第六回）Man proposes, God disposes. Work out a pla n, trust to Buddha, and someth ing maycome out of it for all you know.莂（一）.慣用語的直譯芁

22、 1）連根拔 tear up by the roots 2）走后門 get in by the backdoor肇 3）走下坡路 go downhill 4） 一窩蜂 like a swarm of bees蚇 5）及時雨 timely rain 6）九牛二虎之力 the strength of nine bulls and two tigers肅 7） 病急亂投醫(yī) turn to any doctor one can find when critically ill.肀（二）部分直譯的慣用語（除了直譯外，需加譯）.例：腿 1） 卷鋪蓋 pack up and quit 2） 飽眼福 feas

23、t one ' s eyes on sth. 3咬耳朵 whisper in sb ' s ear 4） 扇陰風(fēng),點鬼火 fan the winds of evil and spread the fires of turmoil肇（三）慣用語的意譯 1）門外漢 a man outside the gate a layman薁 2） 小廣播 a small broadcast stationspreading of hearsay information肂 3） 風(fēng)涼話 cold wordsirresponsible and sarcastic remarks芇 4） 扣帽子 p

24、ut a cap on sb. put a label on sb.膄 5） 尋短見 look for a short viewcommit suicide take one ' s owfe芃有些習(xí)慣用語有很濃的中國文化色彩，有的含有中國歷史典故或古代人名，有的涉及中國 地名或宗教，若按照字面直譯，會讓英美讀者感到十分費解.如：袁 1） 賠了夫人又折兵 give one ' s enemy a wife and lose one sol'iers as well莇 改譯:suffer a double loss in stead of making a gain）薅

25、2） 跑了和尚跑不了廟the monk may run away，but the temple can ' trun with him羅 改譯：a fugitive must belong to some place that can provide clues薀 3） 不至U黃河心不死not stop until one reaches the Yellow River莇 改譯：not stop until one reaches one ' s goal羆 4）說曹操，曹操至U mention Cao Cao and there he is 改譯：talk of the devil and he will appear.蒃四）慣用語的套譯.1）殺/煞風(fēng)景be a wet blanket 2）拍馬屁 lick sb ' s boots荿 3）放空炮 spout hot air; talk big 4）繞圈子 beat about the bush5）擺架子 put on airs6）灌米湯 butter sb. up 7）露馬腳let the cat out of the bag有一部分慣用語能在英語習(xí)語里找到同比喻者一致的對等物女口：sing a differe nt tune1）開綠燈 give