外研社必修二Module3 grammar

1、過去完成時過去完成時神馬是過去完成時？神馬是過去完成時？表示過去發(fā)生的一個動作之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，就是過去完成時。警察抓小偷警察抓小偷當(dāng)警察趕到的時候，小偷早已經(jīng)跑了。當(dāng)警察趕到的時候，小偷早已經(jīng)跑了。When the police arrived, the thieves had already run away.在媽媽進(jìn)門之前，我早就把電腦關(guān)了。在媽媽進(jìn)門之前，我早就把電腦關(guān)了。偷偷玩電腦偷偷玩電腦After I had already turned off my computer, my Mom came in.Before my Mom came in, I had already t

2、urned off my computer.這就是過去完成時這就是過去完成時NowPastFutureAB有兩個動作都發(fā)生在過去，先后發(fā)生，先發(fā)生的用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的用一般過去時。過去的過去過去的過去NowPastFutureAB現(xiàn)在完成時：have/has+done過去完成時： had +done had not +done had been doneWhen the police arrived, the thieves had already run away.Before my Mom came in, I had already turned off my computer.Af

3、ter I had already turned off my computer, my Mom came in.找標(biāo)志詞找標(biāo)志詞by +過去：過去：by the end of +last year, by the end of last term, by the time you arrived過去完成時標(biāo)志詞過去完成時標(biāo)志詞before, after, when, by, hardlywhen(剛要剛要.就就)no sooner than我們剛要工作，天就下起雨來。我們剛要工作，天就下起雨來。1.We had hardly begun our work when it began to r

4、ain.Hardly had we begun our work when it began to rain.We had no sooner begun our work than it began to rain.No sooner had we begun our work than it began to rain.過去完成時還可以表示對過去的虛擬，表示過去完成時還可以表示對過去的虛擬，表示未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、愿望等未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、愿望等, 常用的詞有常用的詞有expect, hope, mean, suppose, think 等。等。過去完成時表虛擬過去完成時表虛擬我本來想周末做完作業(yè)

5、的，結(jié)果我朋友過生日。我本來想周末做完作業(yè)的，結(jié)果我朋友過生日。I had wanted to finish my homework, but my friends had a birthday party.1. It was the first time that + had done特殊句式特殊句式那是他第一次到眉山。那是他第一次到眉山。It was the first time that he had been to Meishan.2. It was + 時間段時間段+since+ had done那時他們已經(jīng)在一起三年了。那時他們已經(jīng)在一起三年了。It was three years

6、 since they had been together.1. By nine oclock last night, we _ (get) 200 pictures from the spaceship.2. I _ (am) at the bus stop for 20minutes when a bus finally arrived.3. The bus_ (leave) by the time I got there. 4. By the time he_(be) 14, his grandfather had been away.5.It was the first time th

7、at he_(talk) with foreigners.6. I had no sooner left than she _ (call).趁熱打鐵趁熱打鐵had gothad beenhad leftwashad talkedcalled6:00(eat up) 7:00(get up) present 6:00(eat up) 7:00(get up) present Last Sunday, I had an unlucky day.By the time I _, my dog _ up all my breakfast on the table. got up had eaten

8、An Unlucky Day Practice 19:159:35 presentThen I went to see the film with empty stomach.When I _at the cinema, the film _(be)on for 20 minutes.arrived had been arrivebe on After the film, I went to meet a friend whom I_ (not see) since we _. have not seen graduate not seegraduated We had coffee and

9、talked happily.But when I was going to pay for it, I_(find)my wallet and cellphone _(steal).What an unlucky day ! had been stolenfoundPassive voice(被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)):had(not)+been+donestealtalk時間狀語從句時間狀語從句when, while, as, before, after, until/till, since, ever since, whenever, as soon as, no sooner than, ha

10、rdly / scarcely when 等1)常見的連接時間狀語從句的連接詞有:When/While/Aswhen 意為意為這時這時(at this time)或或那時那時(at that time) 時，常時，常用于下列句型：用于下列句型：Somebody was doing something when某人正在做某人正在做 突然突然 Somebody was about to do something when.某人正要做某人正要做 突然突然 Somebody had just done something when某人剛剛干了某人剛剛干了這時這時Whene.g. 1. I was re

11、ading English when my teacher came in.2. I was about to talk in the classroom when the teacher came in.3. I had just made the mistake when the teacher came in .觀察：觀察：While they were doing homework, someone broke into the house.While he was still a teenager, he was a big star.While分析：分析：while引導(dǎo)的從句表示引

12、導(dǎo)的從句表示“在在過程中過程中”，強(qiáng)調(diào)某一段，強(qiáng)調(diào)某一段時間內(nèi)主句和從句的動作在同一時期發(fā)生。從句的動時間內(nèi)主句和從句的動作在同一時期發(fā)生。從句的動作表示較長時間，因此常用作表示較長時間，因此常用延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞。e.g. She is tall while I am short. while 表示強(qiáng)烈的表示強(qiáng)烈的對比關(guān)系對比關(guān)系，可譯成，可譯成“然而然而”While I was studying English, he was playing football.強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個動作同時進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個動作同時進(jìn)行兩種情況一起發(fā)展變化兩種情況一起發(fā)展變化試觀察：試觀察：1) As they were

13、picking tea, the girls were singing happily.2) As he grew older, he found it difficult to compose good music.As分析：分析：as引導(dǎo)的從句表示引導(dǎo)的從句表示“當(dāng)當(dāng)時；一邊時；一邊一一邊邊”，主句和從句的動作，主句和從句的動作同時同時發(fā)生，強(qiáng)調(diào)伴發(fā)生，強(qiáng)調(diào)伴隨。有時可譯為隨。有時可譯為“隨著隨著”。1. 他從學(xué)?；貋頃r，他媽媽正在燒飯。他從學(xué)?；貋頃r，他媽媽正在燒飯。2. 他在看書時，他的妻子一直在燒飯。他在看書時，他的妻子一直在燒飯。3. 他一邊燒飯一邊唱歌。他一邊燒飯一邊唱歌。4.

14、我們正要動身，這時天突然下雨了。我們正要動身，這時天突然下雨了。5. 你喜歡踢足球而我喜歡彈鋼琴。你喜歡踢足球而我喜歡彈鋼琴。6. 隨著時間的推移，我們都漸漸長大了。隨著時間的推移，我們都漸漸長大了。Translate these sentences into English.Possible answers:1. When he returned, his mother was cooking.2. While he was reading, his wife was cooking.3. As he cooked, he sang.4. We were about to start whe

15、n it began to rain.5. you like playing football while I like playing the piano.6. As time went by, we all grew up. till / until1.主句的謂語動詞如果是主句的謂語動詞如果是延續(xù)性延續(xù)性的應(yīng)該用的應(yīng)該用肯定式肯定式，意，意為為“一直到一直到”2.主句的謂語動詞如果是主句的謂語動詞如果是瞬間性瞬間性的應(yīng)該用的應(yīng)該用否定式否定式，意，意為為“直到直到才才”1.I waited till/until 9 o clock.2.The little boy cried till/u

16、ntil his father appeared.3.I didnt go to bed till/until 9 o clock.4.Tom didnt finish his homework till/until 9 o clock.當(dāng)當(dāng)not until放在句首時，主句要放在句首時，主句要部分倒裝部分倒裝。Not until Mary had heard that sound did she really get frightened.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，強(qiáng)調(diào)在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，強(qiáng)調(diào)until引導(dǎo)時間狀語時，常把引導(dǎo)時間狀語時，常把not提前，提前，構(gòu)成構(gòu)成 it isnt/wasnt until th

17、atIt wasnt until 11 o clock that he returned home.before/since當(dāng)當(dāng)before放于主句之后，有時候會意為放于主句之后，有時候會意為“就，才就，才”The man almost knocked me down before he saw me.Before常用于這兩個句型：常用于這兩個句型：It was/wasnt+一段時間一段時間+before從句從句 過了多久過了多久/沒過多久沒過多久才才It will/wont be+一段時間一段時間+before從句從句 還得過多久還得過多久/用不了多久用不了多久就就才才He rushed o

18、ut of the room before I could say a word.就就It was a long time before we met again.過了很久我們過了很久我們才才再次見面再次見面It will be three days before I come back.三天后我三天后我就就回來了?；貋砹?。Since引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞是引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞是瞬間動詞瞬間動詞時，則從句表示的時，則從句表示的時間是時間是“從動作開始的那一刻起從動作開始的那一刻起”He has studies hard since he came to our school.自從他來到我們學(xué)校，

19、他學(xué)習(xí)就非常努力。自從他來到我們學(xué)校，他學(xué)習(xí)就非常努力。Since引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞是引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞時或時或表示狀態(tài)的表示狀態(tài)的動詞動詞，則從句表示的時間是，則從句表示的時間是“從動作從動作/狀態(tài)結(jié)束的那一刻狀態(tài)結(jié)束的那一刻起起”I havent heard any noise since I slept。自從我醒來還沒有聽見任何聲音自從我醒來還沒有聽見任何聲音1. I have not heard from him since I lived in Shanghai.2. It is half a month since he was a student.3. Its been quite a long time since I was in London.1. 自從我離開上海，就再也沒有收到他的信。自從我離開上海，就再也沒有收到他的信。2. 他已經(jīng)不是學(xué)生半個月了。他已經(jīng)不是學(xué)生半個月了。3. 我離開倫敦已經(jīng)很長時間了。我離開倫敦已經(jīng)很長