高考復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)課堂講義專題十定語(yǔ)從句

1、專題十定語(yǔ)從句1. (2014·安徽卷)the exact year _ angela and her family spent together in china was 2008.a. when b. wherec. why d. which2. (2014·北京卷)i borrow the book sherlock holmes from the library last week, _ my classmates recommended to me.a. who b. whichc. when d. where3. (2014·福建卷)students

2、should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth.a. who b. whenc. which d. where4. (2014·江西卷)among the many dangers _sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.a. which b. whatc. where d. when 5. (2014·江西卷)it was the middle of the night

3、 _ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.a. that b. asc. which d. when 6. (2014·浙江卷)i don't become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _ i went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.a. when b. wherec. which d. why7. (2014·江蘇卷)the book h

4、as helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work _ a good impression is a must.a. which b. whenc. as d. where8. (2014·湖南卷)i am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.a. as b. why c. when d. where9. (2014·山東卷)a company _ pr

5、ofits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. a. which b. whosec. who d. why 10. (2014·四川卷)until now, we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children, _ is quite unexpected.a. that b. whichc. who d. it1. 【答案】 d【解析】 句意：angela和她的家人一起在中國(guó)度假確切是在2008年。先行詞是the exact year，后面的定

6、語(yǔ)從句angela and her family spent together in china中動(dòng)詞spent后面缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以使用關(guān)系代詞which，在句中作賓語(yǔ)。2. 【答案】 b【解析】 句意：上個(gè)星期我從圖書(shū)館里借了sherlock holmes，這是我的同學(xué)推薦給我的。本題考查的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是the book sherlock holmes，在定語(yǔ)從句中which指代先行詞并作為定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞recommend的賓語(yǔ)。3. 【答案】 d【解析】 句意：學(xué)生應(yīng)該參與社區(qū)活動(dòng)，在社區(qū)活動(dòng)里他們能夠獲得成長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。本題考查定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是community activi

7、ties，后面的定語(yǔ)從句they can gain experience for growth是主謂賓句子，并且結(jié)構(gòu)很完整，所以使用關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，where在句中相當(dāng)于in which，充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。when的先行詞通常是表示時(shí)間的名詞。4. 【答案】 a【解析】 句意：在海員面對(duì)的很多危險(xiǎn)中，也許最大的危險(xiǎn)是霧。本題考查定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是the many dangers，在定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞which指代先行詞，在句中作為動(dòng)詞face的賓語(yǔ)，也可以省略。5. 【答案】 d【解析】 句意：我的父親把我叫醒并要我看足球賽的時(shí)候是在半夜。本句中的when引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。本句容易

8、錯(cuò)選a項(xiàng)，認(rèn)為是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，實(shí)際上the middle of the night不能單獨(dú)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如果在the middle of the night前面加上in，本題就可以選擇a 項(xiàng)了。6. 【答案】 a【解析】 句意：直到五年級(jí)我才成為一個(gè)很認(rèn)真的攀登者，在那時(shí)我登高去拿下一個(gè)卡在樹(shù)枝上的風(fēng)箏。本題定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是the fifth grade，后面定語(yǔ)從句中主謂賓句子結(jié)構(gòu)很完整，所以使用關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)橄刃性~表示時(shí)間，所以使用when。7. 【答案】 d【解析】 句意：在日常交流中這本書(shū)幫了我很多，尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作之中。本題定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是work，后面的定語(yǔ)

9、從句的主系表結(jié)構(gòu)很完整，所以使用關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，work是模糊化的地點(diǎn)名詞，所以用where引導(dǎo)這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。8. 【答案】 c【解析】 句意：我一直都在期待著我的女兒能夠閱讀這本書(shū)并理解我對(duì)她的感情的那一天。本題是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是the day，后面的定語(yǔ)從句主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)非常完整，所以使用關(guān)系副詞when在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。9. 【答案】 b【解析】 句意：一個(gè)利潤(rùn)來(lái)自國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的公司，其利潤(rùn)正在下滑的，也許可以開(kāi)拓國(guó)外市場(chǎng)。本題是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是a company，后面的定語(yǔ)從句中名詞profits前面缺少定語(yǔ)修飾，所以使用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作定語(yǔ)

10、。whose profits相當(dāng)于the profits of which。10. 【答案】 b【解析】 句意：到現(xiàn)在為止，我們已經(jīng)為貧窮的孩子募捐到了五萬(wàn)英鎊，這一點(diǎn)是完全沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的。本句中的關(guān)系代詞which指代前面主句的內(nèi)容，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)從句是高考的重點(diǎn)，也是學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中的難點(diǎn)。從句中關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇是多年來(lái)的主要考點(diǎn)。高考對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查熱點(diǎn)有：which、as的用法；模糊化的地點(diǎn)名詞作先行詞時(shí)，對(duì)where的運(yùn)用；“介詞 which / whom/whose”；定語(yǔ)從句與其他從句，如名詞性從句、狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別，以及與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別。要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備

11、一：定語(yǔ)從句的幾個(gè)基本概念作用起形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞there was an accident that /which happened at the street corner. (that /which 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，從句置于先行詞an accident之后； that/which為關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)) the reason why he was late for class was that he was caught in the traffic. (why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，從句置于先行詞the reason之后； why為關(guān)系副詞，在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ))位置在一個(gè)名

12、詞或代詞后面，或被某些狀語(yǔ)分隔先行詞被修飾的名詞或代詞關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞，分關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞。它的作用：一是放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句中間，起連接作用；二是在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備二：關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的具體作用關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系代詞who人主語(yǔ)do you know the man who is talking with your mother？whom, which和that在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常可以省略，但介詞提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人賓語(yǔ)mr smith is the person with whom i am working.

13、the boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人,物主語(yǔ)i like those books whose topics are about history. the boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.that人,物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)a plane is a machine that can fly. she is the pop star (that) i want to see very much.which物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)the book (which) i gave you was worth

14、 $10. the picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人，物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)he is such a person as is respected by all of us. this is the same pen as i lost yesterday.as作賓語(yǔ)一般不省略關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)i will never forget the day when we met there.when可用on /in which代替where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)this is the house where i was born.whe

15、re可用in /at which代替why原因原因狀語(yǔ)i can't imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.why可用for which代替要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備三：that與which, who與whom的用法區(qū)別情況用法說(shuō)明例句只用that的情況1. 先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代詞時(shí)2. 先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等詞修飾時(shí)3. 先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)4. 先行詞既

16、指人又指物時(shí)5. 先行詞被the only, the very修飾時(shí)6. 句中已經(jīng)有who或which時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)the book that you offered has been given out.this is the best film that i have ever read.we talked about the persons and things that we remembered.he is the only man that i want to see.who is the man that is making a speech？只用which, who, wh

17、om，而不用that的情況1. 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指物，用who/whom指人2. 在由“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人， whose表所屬關(guān)系3. 先行詞本身是that時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用which, 先行詞為those, one, he時(shí)多用whohe has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.i like the person to whom the teacher is talking.those who respect others are usually respected by

18、 others.要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備四：as與which的區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別例句在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中名詞前有such和the same或as, so修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as, 不能用whichhe is not such a fool as he looks.don't read such books as you can't understand.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞先行詞含義位置典型句型例句as整個(gè)主句正如，像在主句前、中、后均可as anybody can see, as is well knownas is known to all, as often happens，as ha

19、s been said above，as is often the casei am patient with my child, which my husband seldom is. she is a fine singer, as her mother used to be. they won the game, as we had expected. they won the game, which we hadn't expected. as is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980swhich1. 先行名詞2.

20、部分主句內(nèi)容3. 整個(gè)主句1. 相當(dāng)于先行詞2. 這一點(diǎn)( and that)只能在先行詞之后從句為否定含義時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用which要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備五：限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別類別語(yǔ)法意義及特征例句限制性定語(yǔ)從句1. 對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明確，這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)2. 關(guān)系代詞作從句賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略the accident happened at the time when i left.the book(that/which) he lent to me was missing.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1. 對(duì)先行詞作附加的說(shuō)明，與主句

21、的關(guān)系不十分密切，較松散。2. 從句和主句之間用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，不能用that, why引導(dǎo)；任何關(guān)系代詞或副詞都不能省略3. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的適用情形：(1) 獨(dú)一無(wú)二的詞作先行詞(2) 從句中表部分信息或包括所有時(shí)，如：., some/any/most/30%/one/all/none of which/whom.his mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.he has three sons, none of whom is a doctor.he fell ill suddenly, for which he d

22、idn't attend the meeting yesterday.he went to beijing in 2003, where he became famous after seven years.重點(diǎn)突破七注意1 when, where與that/which的選用(1) 當(dāng)先行詞是stay, period, interval, time, age, occasion等，從句中缺狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用when (2) 先行詞是spot，sport，family，the internet，society，case，situation，condition，scene等模糊化的地點(diǎn)名詞，從句中

23、缺狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用where(先行詞是stage，可用where或when引導(dǎo)) (3) 從句中缺主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用that/whichthe old man will never forget his stay there when he found his missing son. she brought the police to the same spot where she witnessed the accident. their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.

24、she put forward some conditions that/which she attached to the contract.2從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與先行詞保持一致tom was one of the_boys who were_praised by the headmaster yesterday.tom was the(only)_one of the boys who was_praised by the headmaster yesterday.i,_who am your teacher, will try to hel

25、p you.3“介詞關(guān)系代詞”中介詞的選擇及其關(guān)系詞的選擇介詞(1) 關(guān)系代詞不能省略(2) 介詞的選用與從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有關(guān)或與先行詞有關(guān)或與整句語(yǔ)境有關(guān)(3) 此結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可與“此結(jié)構(gòu) 不定式”互換in the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. (turn to sb. for help)tom, in whose car i went to the station, is my good friend.recently i bought an ancient

26、vase, the price of which(whose price) was very reasonable.he has no money with which he can buy food. he has no money with which to buy food. he has no money which to buy food with.4分隔定語(yǔ)從句(同位語(yǔ)從句)分隔定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間被同位語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)等成分分開(kāi)(解題關(guān)鍵：移開(kāi)分隔部分，找準(zhǔn)先行詞)i've become good friends with several of the students i

27、n my school who i met in the english speech contest last year.(定語(yǔ)從句)the news came that our team won the match. (同位語(yǔ)從句)5特殊引導(dǎo)結(jié)構(gòu)from where during which time in which case since when (定語(yǔ)從句中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)) by when(定語(yǔ)從句中用完成時(shí))he stood before the window, from where he watched his students playing football.he was bo

28、rn in world war ， during which time thousands of millions of people were killed.he may not come, in which case we will go there without him.he went to the city in 2004, since when he has made great process in his career.they settled in seatle last year, by when she had obtained a master's degree

29、 in economics.6從句中關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇(1) 定語(yǔ)從句中缺狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞when, where, why；從句中缺主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用關(guān)系代詞that, which(2) the way作先行詞時(shí)，從句中缺狀語(yǔ)時(shí)用that, in which或不用任何關(guān)系詞this is just the same pen that i lost yesterday.he returned to the same place where he had found his watch.the way (that/ in which ) he handled the problem was s

30、imple.the way (that/ which) he thought of to handle the problem was simple.7與其他從句以及并列句的區(qū)別與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別this is such a heavy bag as i can't carry.this is such a heavy bag that i can't carry it.與并列句或獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別there are two holes, each of which was made by mice. there are two holes, each of them mad

31、e by mice. there are two holes, and each of them was made by mice.my friend mary may be ill, in which case i will visit her. my friend mary may be ill, and in that case i will visit her. my friend mary may be ill; in that case i will visit her.與名詞性從句的區(qū)別as is known to all, the compass was first made

32、in china.it is known to all that the compass was first made in china.what is known to all is that the compass was first made in china.與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別it was at 7 o'clock pm.that he came back.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)it was 7 o'clock pm.when he came back.(定語(yǔ)從句)1. she suggests another approach, one，i think, _ suits us b

33、etter.a. that b. where c. which d. who 2. jim's mother doesn't push too hard on him, _ really benefit a lot from her relaxed attitude.a. which b. what c. that d. who3. with the development of agriculture, the people _ village i taught are now living a happy life.a. in whose b. whose c. in wh

34、ich d. which4. naturally a smile _ the eyes participate is extremely communicative.a. to which b. in which c. at which d. with which5. what sets human beings apart from animals is not the pursuit of happiness, but the pursuit of meaning, _ is unique to humans.a. that b. what c. which d. as6. in sout

35、h africa, english is the language _ black parents wish their children to be educated.a. for which b. thatc. in which d. when 7. where did you have the discussion with professor snow? it was in the classroom _ we had a biology lesson yesterday.a. which b. when c. that d. where8. how are things going,

36、 janet? they have set out to deal with the present situation _ they think deserves their immediate attention.a. which b. where c. when d. what9. the camera you mentioned is of high quality, but it is _ expensive a camera _ i can't afford. a. so; that b. so; asc. too; that d. too; as10. global wa

37、rming has become a serious problem, _ we must find solutions.a. from which b. to whichc. with which d. in which 11. _ is often the case with elder people, my grandma talked about my new hairstyle for at least 30 minutes.a. what b. which c. as d. it12. when deeply lost in thought, _ he often was, he

38、would forget all about eating or sleeping.a. that b. where c. which d. when13. henry made a list of all the possible solutions, _ seemed helpful in handling the present situation, though. a. none of them b. none of whichc. all of which d. all of them14. from this year, reforms will be pushed through

39、 in some test areas, _ the government will set grain prices based more on the market.a. where b. which c. that d. why15. i don't like any humor in this serious speech because i can't think of any circumstance _ this would be beneficial or useful.a. which b. whether c. where d. as1. 【答案】 a【解析】 句意：她提出了另一個(gè)途徑，一個(gè)我認(rèn)為較適合我的途徑。i think是插入語(yǔ)；that作定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)，先行詞為不定代詞，不用關(guān)系代詞which。2. 【答案】 d【解析】 句意：jim的媽媽對(duì)他不是過(guò)分嚴(yán)格，從她的寬松態(tài)度中他真正獲益良多。從句先行詞是him, 指人用who不用which。3. 【答案】 a【解析】 句意：隨著農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展，我曾教過(guò)書(shū)的那個(gè)村莊的人們正過(guò)著幸福的日子。此處，whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)，in whose village in the people's village。4. 【答案】 b【解析】 句意：自然地