一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進行時

1、動詞的時態(tài) 英語的時態(tài)是由“時段（動作發(fā)生的時間）+形式（動作發(fā)生的方式）”構(gòu)成的。時間可分為4個時段：現(xiàn)在、過去、將來和過去將來。動作發(fā)生的方式分為4種：一般式、進行式、完成式和完成進行式。本節(jié)課我們主要講一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進行時。1、 一般現(xiàn)在時（1） 一般現(xiàn)在時的定義：表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常反復發(fā)生的動作存在的狀態(tài)或習慣性的動作的時態(tài)。（2） 一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時用行為動詞的原型但第三人稱單數(shù)做主語時，動詞的詞尾要加-s。現(xiàn)以連系動詞be和行為動詞read為例，對一般現(xiàn)在時的肯定句、否定句、疑問句及其簡略答語的構(gòu)成以及表格形式加以說明：動詞肯定句否定句be i am.i am not .you

2、/we/they are.you/we/they are not.he/she/it is.he/she/it is not.readi/we/you/they read.i/we/you/they do not read .he/she/it reads.he/she/it does not read.動詞疑問句簡略答語（肯定）簡略答語（否定）beam i.?yes, you areno, you are not.are you.?yes, i am/we areno, i am/we are not.are we.?yes, we/you areno, we/you are not.are

3、 they.?yes, they areno, they are not.is he.?yes, he isno, he is not.is she.?yes, she isno, she is not.is it.?yes, it isno, it is not.readdo/i/we/you/they read.?yes, you/we/you/we/they do.no, you/we/you/you/they do not.does he/she /it read.?yes,he/she/it does.no,he/she/it does not 連系動詞be的各種形式常與代詞或not

4、縮寫成一個詞。助動詞do.does一般只與not縮寫。連系動詞be縮寫表： 肯定縮寫否定縮寫i amimi am notim notyou areyoureyou are notyoure not 或you arenthe isheshe is nothes not或he isntshe isshesshe is notshes not或she isntit isitsit is notits not或it isntwe arewe;rewe are notwere not或 we arentthey aretheyrethey are nottheyre not或they arent 助動詞

5、do not 的縮寫形式為dont,does not的縮寫行為doesnt. (3） 動詞加-s或-es.當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時。謂語動詞需加-s或-es,見下表： 規(guī)則動詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在詞尾加-splayworkleaveswimplaysworksleavesswims以字母s,x,ch,sh,o結(jié)尾的詞加-espassfixteachwishdopassesfixesteacheswishesdoes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，先變y為i再加esstudycarryflycrystudiescarriesfliescries注意：動詞have 的第三人稱單數(shù)形式為has.寫出下列

6、詞的三單形式1.watch_ 2.say_ 3.wash_ 4.meet_ （4） 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法：1. 表示經(jīng)常的或習慣性的動作。常與often,always,sometimes,every day,on sundays等表示頻度的時間狀語連用。例如：i get up at six oclock every day.he often goes to school by bike.2. 表示主語具備的性格、能力和特征。例如：she looks like her sister.he knows not only english ,but also japanese.3表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。例如：he

7、 is always ready to help others.he lives in the shopping center.4表示客觀事實和普遍真理。例如：the moon moves around the earth and the earth moves around the sun.5在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。例如：if it doesnt rain tomorrow ,we will go to the park.please tell her about it as soon as she comes back.6表示預先計劃或安排好的將來行為。例

8、如：is there a film tonight?we leave beijing next month.7小說故事中用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般過去時。8有些表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動詞，例如：be,love,like,hate,want,hope,need,know,understand,remember,feel,think,fit,look,see,hear,find,suggest,have等表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的具體行為時，只有一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：do you know what i mean? 你知道我的意思嗎？i feel pain in my chest. 我胸疼。how do you find t

9、he book ? 你覺得那本書怎么樣？9. 表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的具體動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如： here comes the bus. 車來了 。whats the time now ? 現(xiàn)在幾點了？一改錯(劃出錯誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上)1. is your brother speak english?_2. does he likes going fishing?_3. he likes play games after class._4. mr. wu teachs us english._5. she dont do her homework on sundays._二改寫句子。1. s

10、un yang usually washes some clothes on saturday.否定句: _一般疑問句: _劃線提問: _2. mingming usually waters the flowers every day.否定句: _一般疑問句: _劃線提問 _3. tom does his homework at home.否定句: _ 一般疑問句: _劃線提問_2、 現(xiàn)在進行時（1） 現(xiàn)在進行時的定義 現(xiàn)在進行時時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作的時態(tài)。（2） 現(xiàn)在進行時的構(gòu)成 現(xiàn)在進行時由系動詞am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞（動詞+ing形式）構(gòu)成。現(xiàn)在以work為例，對現(xiàn)在進行時的肯

11、定句、否定句、疑問句及簡略答句列表說明如下：肯定句否定句i am working .i am not workingyou are working .you are not working .he/she/it is working .he/she/it is not working .we/you/they are working .we/you/they are not working .疑問句簡略答語am i working ?yes , you are .no , you are not .are you working ?yes , we/you are .no , we/you a

12、re not .are you working ?yes , i am .no , i am not .yes , we are .no , we are not .is he/she/it working ?yes , he/she/it is .no , he/she/it is not . are you working ?yes , they are .no , they are not .1i'm playing the football in the playground .(改為否定句)_2tom is reading books in his study . (改為一般

13、疑問句)_3. my mother is cooking some nice food now. ( 改一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答)_ _（3） 動詞-ing 形式的構(gòu)成 1、一般在動詞原形末尾加-ing。 stay _ staying do _ doing listen _ listening 2、以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，先去掉e，再加-ing。 make _ making please_pleasing give _ giving ride _ riding 3、以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ing。 put _ putting sit _ sittin

14、g run _ running 4、以ie為重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，先去掉e，再把i變?yōu)閥，再加-ing。 lie _ lying tie _ tying die _ dying 5、以re音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞，先去掉e，再加-ing，讀音不變。 prepare _ preparing tire _ tiring 6、以re結(jié)尾的動詞，如果是重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾，先雙寫r，再加-ing；如果不是重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾，就直接加-ing。 prefer _ preferring water _ watering 寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 1.look_ 2.work_ 3.close_ 4. make_5. begin_ 6

15、.swim_ 7.lie _ 8.skate _ 9.play _ 10. run _11. go _ 12.like _ 13.ski_ 14.read_ 15.have_ 16. sing_17. come_ 18.shop_ (4） 現(xiàn)在進行時的用法 1.表示現(xiàn)在或說話時正在進行的動作，常與now連用，有時有l(wèi)ook,listen等詞提示。例如：what are they doing now ? 他們現(xiàn)在在干什么？listen !someone is singing in the classroom. 聽！有人在教室里唱歌 2. 表示當前一直或反復在進行的動作或難以終止的動作。例如：th

16、ey are running and jumping all the time . 他們一直在跑啊跳啊 3. 表示經(jīng)常反復的動作，常與always 連用，含有贊揚或厭惡的意思。例如：he is always helping others . 他總是在幫助別人。that son of yours is always making trouble . 你那兒子總是搗亂。 4. 有一些表示狀態(tài)的動詞和表示心理情感的動詞不用進行時態(tài)。例如：like, love , prefer , know , wish , want , hate , forget , remember , understand ,

17、 lie , seem 等。例如：我喜歡這本書。正：i like this book .誤：i am liking this book . 5. 表示明確安排好了的不久將要發(fā)生的事情，這是表示最近的打算的最常用的表達方式（時常有一個表示未來時間的狀語）。例如： we are leaving on friday . 我們星期五走。注意：這僅限于少量的動詞，如go , come , leave , arrive , start , return , work , sleep , stay , play , do , have , wear 等。此外，be going to do something

18、 這個結(jié)構(gòu)也常用來表示即將發(fā)生的事或打算/準備做的事。例如：she is not going to speak at the meeting . 她將不在會上發(fā)言。 6. 現(xiàn)在進行時有時也用來代替一般現(xiàn)在時，表示一個經(jīng)常性的動作或狀態(tài)，這時或是為了表示一種情感（如贊嘆、厭煩等）或是為了強調(diào)情況的暫時性。例如： how are you feeling today ? 你今天覺得怎么樣？ （親切） helen is doing fine work at school .海倫在學校學習挺不錯的。（贊美之意）一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進行時的比較一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進行時從時間上說都屬于“現(xiàn)在”時間范疇。但是一般現(xiàn)

19、在時的時限要比現(xiàn)在進行時的寬得多。它指的是經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。這類動作可以在過去就發(fā)生，現(xiàn)在發(fā)生，還有可能在將來發(fā)生。例如：he plays football very well.現(xiàn)在進行時著重強調(diào)“進行”，指說話時“正在進行或發(fā)生”的動作。例如what are you doing in your room,tom?im playing computer games.1.jack often_his homework in the evening.but this evening he_tv.a. does, watches b.is doing, is watching c.does, i

20、s watching d.is doing, watches2.look! the boys_happily in the river.a. swim b.swam c.will swim d.swimming3.look! some boys _on the playground.a.playing b.are playing c.play d.plays英語語法記憶歌訣 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)中，動詞一般用原形。表述事實講真理，習慣動作常發(fā)生。 動詞詞尾加s(es)，只表單數(shù)三人稱。若變一般疑問句，得看句型是哪種。系表結(jié)構(gòu)和there be, be放句首可完成；若遇實義動詞句，do或doe

21、s莫忘用！現(xiàn)在進行時look, listen是標志，現(xiàn)在進行正發(fā)生；有時now在句中現(xiàn)，“beving”時態(tài)成。若問be用何形式，須看主語數(shù)、人稱。he she is, i amwe, you, they后are緊跟。ving形式更好記，三種構(gòu)成要分清。 一般問句be提前，be后加not否定成！英語時態(tài)練習題：一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進行時 一、選擇題練習1. who _ over there now? a. singing b. are sing c. is singing d. sing 2. its eight oclock. the students _ an english class. a

22、. have b. having c. is having d. are having 3. listen! the baby _ in the next room. a. crying b. cried c. is crying d. cries 4. look! the twins _ new sweaters. a. are wearing b. wearing c. are wear d. is wearing 5. dont talk here. grandparents _. a. is sleeping b. are sleeping c. sleeping d. sleep 6

23、. tom is a worker. he _ in a factory. his sisters _ in a hospital. a. work/ work b. works/ work c. work/ works 7. who _ english best in your class? a. speak b. speaks c. speaking 8. mrs read _ the windows every day. a. is cleaning b. clean c. cleans 9. we _ music and often _ to music. a. like/ liste

24、n b. likes/ listens c. like/ are listening 10. she _ up at six in the morning. a. get b. gets c. getting 11. on sunday he sometimes _ his clothes and sometimes _ some shopping. a. wash/ do b. is washing/ is doing c. washes/ does 12. the twins usually _ milk and bread for breakfast, but jim _ some co

25、ffee for it. a. have/ have b. have/ has c. has/ have 13. there _ an english film at the cinema now.a. will have b. is going to have c. is going to be d. is2. the picture _ nice. a. looks b. is looked c. look d. is looking 3. she _ down and soon falls asleep. a. live b. lain c. laid d. sits4. they _

26、the office in time very morning. a. reach to b. arrived c. went d. get to 5. we shall go to shanghai on business before you _ back next week. a. will come b. came c. would come d. come 6. the plane _ over there.a. is b. are c.am d. was 7. i see her _ the room this morning. a. to enter b. entered c.

27、enter d. enters 8. the teacher _us to come to school on time. a. ask b. asking c. asks d. asked9. john always _ others. a. help b. helping c. helps d. to help 10. he _for eight hours every day.a. working b. to work c. works d. worked 11. youd better _ at home and _ your homework. a. to stay, do b. s

28、tay, do c. to stay, to do d. stay, to do 二、填空： 1. my father always _(come) back from work very late. 2. the teacher is busy. he _ (sleep) six hours a day. 3. listen! su hai_(sing) in the classroom. she often _ (sing) there. 4. _ your brother _(know) japanese? 5.where _ you _ (have) lunch every day? 6. the girl _(like) wearing a skirt. look! she _(wear) a red skirt today. 7.look!the boy over there_(play) a model kite. 8.tom _(not study) english. he is studying chinese。 9.tom and his sister_(wait)for