英語(yǔ)：Unit2《Cloning》課件-Grammar(新人教選修8)

1、Unit 2 CloningGrammar名詞性從句Noun Clauses名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞,可分別作主句的主語(yǔ).表語(yǔ). 賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。因此,名詞性從句可分為主語(yǔ)從句. 表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。 1. What it was to become was a mysterythe bet.主語(yǔ)從句 2. I dorYt know who will help Henry to win賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句 4. The fact that ships can go theresurprises many people.同位語(yǔ)從句 3. His trouble is that he doesr

2、Tt know anybody in London.賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中起賓語(yǔ)作用,可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ), 也可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句詞有連詞;連接代詞等。連接副詞e.g. (1) I think (that) women can reach veryhigh achievements in many fields of science.2) I wonder whether/if she remembered how many babies she had delivered3) Do you know who/whom Jack was speaking to?總結(jié)：1賣語(yǔ)從句的引

3、導(dǎo)詞：賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞相同.2注意點(diǎn)1)賓語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述句的語(yǔ)序.2) 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞that也無(wú)實(shí)際意義多數(shù) 情況下可以省略.3) .whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句 但：當(dāng)whether后緊跟or not時(shí)，不用if.例：I don't know whether I will stay or not.(2).介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句不能用if.例：I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.4).that在賓語(yǔ)從句中的省略與保留由連詞and連接的兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，第 一個(gè)that可以省略，第二that不

4、能省.He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.2.表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中起表語(yǔ)作用引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句詞有連詞 that f what, whichf whof whomf whose等除在句 子中起連接作用外,還可在從句中從當(dāng)主語(yǔ).表語(yǔ).定 語(yǔ)f且各有各的詞義。e.g. Tom is no longer what he used to be.The question is which of us should come first.The problem is who is really fit for the

5、 hard job.The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.2注意點(diǎn)1).表語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述句的語(yǔ)序.2) 表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that無(wú)實(shí)際意義，但不能省略.3)表語(yǔ)從句只能用whether,而不能用if引導(dǎo).What many people are worried about is whether we will be able to build a better future今天早上他遲到的原因是因?yàn)槁飞闲腥颂?The reason why he was late this morning

6、 is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road錯(cuò)誤The reason why + 句子 be that + 從句.for +名詞The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road.或This / it仙at/ is because +從句等句型.He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.1

7、主語(yǔ)從句做主語(yǔ)用的名詞性從句,因其在復(fù)合句中做主語(yǔ),又稱主語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的有連詞連接代詞Wl, Vvhath,連接副詞e.g. That she left him cut him to the heart.What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.Whether it will please them is not easy to say.2總結(jié):1)主語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述句語(yǔ)序，即主語(yǔ)在前，謂 語(yǔ)在后錯(cuò)誤When will he come is not known.When he will come is not kn

8、own.但是what is the matter和what is wrong不可改變語(yǔ)序2)連接詞that在從句中無(wú)實(shí)際意義，起引導(dǎo)作用，不作任何成分， 但不能省略.He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.錯(cuò)誤That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true"whether可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句解釋為”是否”，但if不能.4) .whoever? whatever whichever等詞可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句， Hno matter who, no matter w

9、hat等不能，它們只能引導(dǎo) 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句.5) .為避免主語(yǔ)冗長(zhǎng)，句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句放 在后面作真正的主語(yǔ).例:It is well known/reported/thought/said/. thatIt is clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful/. that.It is a pity/a shame/an honour/. thatIt doesift matter whether./It seems that.It happens that.位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句屬于名詞性從句f大多由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)f 常常2艮在fact

10、, newsf idea, thought question, replyf report, remark, hope, belief等名詞啟面。同位語(yǔ)從 句一般用來(lái)解釋或說(shuō)明這些名詞的具體含義或內(nèi)容,在 邏輯上表現(xiàn)為同為關(guān)系。e.g. They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atomsWhere did you get the idea that I could not comeThe suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule should be

11、 adopted.注意1. that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句前面的名詞常見的 有:idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, suggestion, proof, message, order, conclusion, desire, theory, truth, word, hope, information等.2. that在從句中只是起引導(dǎo)作用，不作任 何成分.高考鏈接1have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn't matterthat Pm talking to.(2004

12、年廣東省卷)A. who is it B. who it isC. it is who ©. it is whom【試析】這個(gè)句子是一個(gè)由and連接的并列句。And后是一個(gè)含有 主語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，其主句部分是it doesrft matter,主語(yǔ)從句則是 who it is that Pm talking to而在主語(yǔ)從句中，又有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句, 修飾who. Who既是一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，也在it is中作表語(yǔ)如果再細(xì)一點(diǎn), 說(shuō)who是(talking) to的介詞賓語(yǔ)也可以。2. It is pretty well understoodcontrols the flowof carbon

13、dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.（2003± 海）A. that B. when © whatD. how【試析】主語(yǔ)從句中缺少做主語(yǔ)的成分，故選C.3-made the school proud was_more than 90% of the students had been（2003±海春季）admitted to key universities.A. What; because What; thatC. That; what D. That; because【試析】what在此作連接代詞，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，并

14、在從 句中作主語(yǔ)。that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只起引導(dǎo)作用，不作 任何成分.4.When you answer questions in a job interview,please remember the golden rule: Always give themonkey exactlyhe wants （2002上海春季）“what B.which C.when D.that試析 這是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句3wants后面缺少賓語(yǔ)5Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句諺語(yǔ)慮思是"永遠(yuǎn)給予 他人他確實(shí)想要的東西覽故答案為A。5-Are

15、 you still thinking about yesterdays game? Oh, that's（2003北京春季）what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about itD. when I feel excited【試析】這是由What引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句，在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ), 這句話的意思為：那是使我感到興奮的事。故答案為A。一.同俊語(yǔ)以句鳥定語(yǔ)以句的相何之處1、兩種從句都可以譯成定語(yǔ)e.g. The news that our team has won the final

16、 matchis encouraging（同位語(yǔ)從句）我們隊(duì)取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.（定語(yǔ)從句）你告訴我們的消息真的令人鼓舞°2、兩種從句都可以用that引導(dǎo)fAe.g.The suggestion that students should learnsomething practical is worth considering.（同位語(yǔ)從句）學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實(shí)用的東西的建議值得考慮OThe suggestion that is worth considering is that the

17、 students should learn something practical.（定語(yǔ)從句）值蠱考慮的建議是學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實(shí)用的東西o二、同像語(yǔ)從句鳥定語(yǔ)1. 從句的作用不同：同位語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)進(jìn)一步 說(shuō)明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)修飾. 限定前面的名詞。e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.（從句說(shuō)明“消息”的內(nèi)容：我們隊(duì) 取得了決賽勝利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（從句對(duì)“消息”加以限定：是你告訴我們的，而非來(lái)自其他渠道。

18、但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。）2.引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞that的功能不同：that引導(dǎo)同 位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)是一個(gè)純連詞,不充當(dāng)任何成分；而引 導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that是關(guān)系代詞,既指代先行詞又須 在從句中充當(dāng)成分。e.g.1） Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test, （that 不兔當(dāng)任何 成分）2） Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代promise,又在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。）! Choose the best answer1. They expressed the hopethey would comeover to China.A. which that C. whom D. when2. The facthe didift see Tom yesterday istrue.that Be which C. when D. what3.1 have no ideahe will come back.A. where when C. what D. that! Choose the best answer4.The