挖空聽力文字材料(1257)

1、Unit 1Item 1A business plan, in the words of the Small Business Administration in Washington, is a tool with three basic (1) _. As a communication tool, it can show possible investors how well you have (2) _ your ideas. As a management tool, it can list goals and ways to (3) _ progress. And as a pla

2、nning tool, it can help (4) _ a business around problems.For people starting a new business, the biggest problems commonly involve financing. (5) _ often seek venture capital. This is money from wealthy (6) _ or investment companies for the purpose of building new businesses.Each year, entrepreneurs

3、 with ideas for the “next big thing” (7) _ venture capitalists with business plans. But John Mullins of the London Business School, writing in the Wall Street Journal, says most business plans are never even (8) _ read.A good business plan, he says, must (9) _ a problem that the new business will so

4、lve. Many plans fail to show how a product or service (10) _ a need.Item 2Businesses are (1) _ in different ways to meet different needs.The (2) _ form of business is called an individual proprietorship. The proprietor owns all of the property of the business and is (3) _ for everything.This means t

5、hat the proprietor gets to keep all of the (4) _ of the business, but also (5) _ pay any debts. The law recognizes no difference between the owner and the business.Another kind of business is the (6) _. Two or more people go into business together. An agreement is usually needed to decide how much o

6、f the partnership each person controls.There are limited liability partnerships. These have full partners and limited partners. Limited partners may not (7) _ as much in the profits, but they also do not have as many responsibilities.Doctors, lawyers and accountants often (8) _ partnerships to share

7、 the profits and risks of doing business. A husband and wife can form a business partnership.Partnerships can end at any time. But the partnerships and individual proprietorships (9) _ only as long as the owners are (10) _.Item 3In many (1) _ nations, more than fifty percent of workers are self-empl

8、oyed. They might (2) _ temporary job to temporary job. Or they may own a small business. Many poor people would like to start a business, but cannot get a bank (3) _.One tool to fight poverty is the use of micro credit loans. These are small loans for poor people who want to turn self-employment pro

9、jects (4) _ businesses. In some countries, the loans may start out as small as twenty dollars. People may also receive (5) _ to learn how to operate a business.In 1997, (6) _ from 137 nations attended a conference in Washington, D.C. They agreed to give micro credit loans to 100 million of the world

10、s (7) _ families by 2005.An organization in the United States called the RESULTS Educational Fund supports the (8) _. It says more than 41 million families around the world have received micro credit so (9) _. The RESULTS Educational Fund says the nine-year campaign is (10) _well on the way to its g

11、oal.Unit 2Item 1Possibly the biggest space story this year was the (1) _ of water on the moon. The best evidence was provided by a (2) _ experiment carried out on October 9th. NASA used its Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite, or LCROSS, to look for water deep (3) _ the lunar surface.To g

12、et below the ancient lunar rocks, NASA crashed a rocket into the moons South Pole. The crash (4) _ soil to be expelled many kilometers above the lunar surface. LCROSS studied the soil before it too (5) _ into the moon. The experiment pushed the (6) _ for water several meters below the lunar surface,

13、 much (7) _ than had been possible before.In November, Anthony Colaprete, a (8) _scientist with the LCROSS project, spoke about information (9) _ by the spacecraft. He said about 100 kilograms of water had been found in the material ejected by the moon crash. Water has now been confirmed in (10) _ m

14、uch greater than had been thought. Item 2People from almost all cultures throughout history have been making objects from wood. Some of the first wooden objects included (1) _ and tools. Early cultures also learned to make boats, buildings and (2) _ for the home from this material. However, it is no

15、t always easy to say which wooden objects (3) _ during a historical period because they often did not last (4) _ objects made from clay or metal.Experts say most (5) _ woodworking tools were developed by the beginning of the Bronze Age, about 5000 years ago. These tools include the saw, axe, (6) _ a

16、nd drill, which are used to cut and (7) _ wood in different ways. The lathe may have been (8) _ as early as 2700 years ago.This tool holds and (9) _ the wood. As the wood turns, the wood worker uses a sharp tool to slowly and (10)_ cut pieces from the wood.Item 3Information has always been (1) _ imp

17、ortant. Throughout history, some information has had value (2) _ measure. The lack of information often cost huge amounts of money and sometimes many lives.From the beginning of human history, information traveled only as fast as a ship could (3) _, or a horse could run, or a person could walk.Peopl

18、e experimented with other ways to send messages. Some people tried using birds to carry messages. Then they (4) _it was not always a safe way to send or receive information.A faster (5) _ finally arrived with the invention of the telegraph. The first useful telegraphs were developed in Britain and t

19、he United States in the (6) _.The telegraph was the first instrument used to send information (7) _ wires and electricity. The telegraph sent messages (8) _ two places which were connected by telegraph wires. The person (9) _ would send the information. The second person would receive it. Each lette

20、r of the alphabet and each number had to be sent (10) _ by a device called a telegraph key. The second person would write each letter on a piece of paper as it was received. Unit 5Item 1Scientists have (1) _ a genetic change that can cause malignant melanoma, the most serious kind of skin cancer. Th

21、e cancer then (2) _ the body. Malignant melanoma kills almost (3) _ people around the world each year.The new research was reported in the publication Nature, The work was done by (4) _ scientists involved in the Cancer Genome Project at the Welcome Trust Sanger Institute in Cambridge, England. The

22、aim of the Cancer Genome Project is to find which of the 30,000 human genes are involved in cancer. Genes contain material called DNA. The order of the DNA in a gene is (5) _ by a series of letters. A change, or mutation, happens when the (6) _ of letters changes. Mutations happen in two ways. Chemi

23、cals, radiation, or viruses can damage DNA. Damage also can (7) _ mistakes before cells divide. Most of these mutations are (8) _. However, sometimes a mutation in a gene will cause cells to act in an unusual way. For example, a changed gene will cause a cell to divide when it should stop dividing.

24、Or the cell will move away from its (9) _ place and into another organ. This is how cancer begins. Experts say it takes about 25 years from the time of the first gene mutation until a cancerous growth appears in (10) _. Item 2Doctors perform transplants to (1) _ organs or tissue in a person who is s

25、ick or (2) _.There are records of a transplant operation that (3) _ in 1823. A German doctor, Carl Bunger, (4) _ skin from a womans leg and used it to rebuild her nose. Scientists later showed that the defense system in the body tries to (5) _ tissue transplanted from other people.Rejection (6) _ a

26、problem from transplants well into the 20th century. In 1958, he French doctor Jean Dausset discovered a system to match tissue. This is a way to (7) _ that the tissues to be transplanted is closely (8) _ the patients own.In 1972, the Swiss scientists Jean Borel discovered that the drug cyclosporine

27、 could stop the rejection. Cyclosporine is (9) _ a fungus that lives in soil. Experts say this drug is the most important (10) _ for the success of transplant operations today. Item 3Some estimates say that one in as many as (1) _ of all births results in two babies joined together. Conjoined twins

28、happen about once out of every 200 births of identical twins.Some twins develop from two (2) _ eggs that are fertilized at the same time. These babies are called fraternal twins. One can be a girl and the other a boy.Other twins develop from a (3) _ egg. These are called identical twins. Identical t

29、wins result when a fertilized egg divides into two.Sometimes the (4) _ begins but is not completed. This produces twins who are (5) _ linked. Medical experts say (6) _ and environmental influences are (7) _ in the development of conjoined twins.Recent separations have (8) _ in Britain, Singapore, It

30、aly, (9) _, and the United States. These included an operation where doctors at the Childrens Medical Center in Dallas, Texas, separated two Egyptian boys joined at the head. Unit 7Item 1More than four million people around the world are (1) _ by snakes each year. At least 125,000 of these people di

31、e. Almost three million others are (2) _ injured. Doctors and researchers say the world doesnt provide enough good (3) _ for poisonous snake bites. To help improve the situation, experts have formed an international project called the Global Snake Bite Initiative. Poisonous snake bites are common in

32、 (4) _ areas of many developing countries with hot climates. Many (5) _ are agricultural workers and children in Asia and Southern Africa. Shortages of antivenin medicines, the treatment for a snake bite, are common there. Existing (6) _ may not be high quality or developed correctly for local needs

33、. Doctor Winkel says antivenin treatment is too (7) _ for many poor people who need it most. The drugs are developed from the venom of poisonous snakes. The Global Snake Bite Initiative is trying to increase the (8) _ of good quality antivenin treatments and improve medical training for a patient ca

34、re. Another goal is to help (9) _ of antivenin medicines improve their products.The project also wants communities to (10) _ snake bites and first aid. It wants more research and reporting systems. And it aims to help national health official choose antivenins for their countries special needs. Item

35、 2In many societies, there is often greater acceptance of light skin than dark skin. Light skin may be seen as a mark of beauty, (1) _ and success. There beliefs can lead to social (2) _ even within the same racial or ethnic group if some members are darker-skinned than others. The result is that sk

36、in lightening has become a common activity across (3) _, Asia, and other areas of the world. More and more people with dark skin are using skin-lightening products, (4) _ it means they may face health risks. They believe that having whiter skin will (5) _ their lives. Many people think they will hav

37、e a better chance of getting a job or marrying into a better family. Or they want to look like what their society (6) _ considers beautiful.Some beauty-care products and soaps contain (7) _that make skin lighter. This process is also called bleaching. But some of the chemicals are (8) _dangerous. On

38、e of the most dangerous is Hydroquinone.Hydroquinone has been (9) _in several countries. This chemical has been linked to kidney damage and some kinds of cancer. It also causes how birth weight in babies when mothers use it during (10) _.Item 3A new study shows that (1) _ in middle age, also known a

39、s midlife crisis, is a (2) _ experience.Two economists did the study: Andrew Oswald of the University of Warwick in England and David Blanchflower at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire. They used information (3) _ earlier on two million people from (4) _ nations.They found that people around the wor

40、ld seem to share an (5) _ design in life. That design, they say, is shaped like the letter U. Levels of happiness are highest when people are young and when they are old. In the middle, however, most peoples happiness and life (6) _ levels drop. Professor Oswald says some people (7) _ midlife depres

41、sion more than others. But, he say, it happens to men and women, to single and married people, to rich and poor, and to those with and without children. (8) _, people reach their lowest levels between the ages of about forty and (9) _. But then as they (10) _ into old age, their happiness starts to climb back up.參考答案Unit 1Item 11. purposes 2. considered 3. measure 4. guide 5. Entrepreneurs6. individuals 7. flood 8. fully 9. define 10. meets Item 21. s