第七講 動(dòng)詞 (1)

1、高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法第七講 動(dòng)詞 （1）動(dòng)詞的分類基本形式一、 動(dòng)詞的用法和分類1、 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（行為動(dòng)詞）（1）及物動(dòng)詞：其后要跟賓語(yǔ)意義才完整（2）不及物動(dòng)詞：其后不能或不需要跟賓語(yǔ)（3）動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞和其他詞類用在一起所構(gòu)成的固定搭配 動(dòng)詞+介詞，動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞，動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞 動(dòng)詞+副詞2、 系動(dòng)詞：其后加上表語(yǔ)意義才完整（1） appear（2） taste（3） remain stand（4） become grow fall3、助動(dòng)詞（1）_ 幫助構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，本身無(wú)具體的詞匯意義（2）_ 幫助構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)（3）_ 幫助構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)（4）_ 幫助構(gòu)成否定或疑問(wèn)句4、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：

2、本身有具體的詞匯意義，無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化，后加動(dòng)詞原形（除have ought外）構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)練習(xí)：用方框里短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，每個(gè)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用一次eat up get up give up grow up hurry up look up put up ring up send up wake up1. She usually _ early in the morning.2. We _ a rocket last week.3. Ill _ after supper.4. Please _ your hand if you have a question.5. He _ the word

3、in his dictionary now.6. _, or youll be late.7. She wants to be a nurse when she_.8. You should not _ hope.9. I _ at six yesterday.10. Please _ your e on get on knock on hold on put on try on turn on look forpay for wait for1. _ the radio, please, Grandpa Wang wants to listen to the ra

4、dio.2. She _ a new dress now.3. I _ you at the station tonight.4. They _ a new play next month.5. _, please. Ill ask him to answer the telephone at once.6. Did you _ the pears?7. I _ the door, but there was no answer.8. The bus came and we _ one by one.9. They _ the missing child now.10. _! Were goi

5、ng to be e back come down come from come in come out get back get off look after look at look out of1. Boys and girls, _ the blackboard, please.2. The boy _ the window now.3. Who _ your baby now?4. He _ the bus at the next bus stop.5. When did you _ from London?6. The moon has already _. How

6、 bright it is!7. “May I _?” “Yes, do please.”8. He _ Australia.9. Please _ to the living room, John.10. Has she_ yet? Why didnt I see her?二、 動(dòng)詞的基本形式1、第三人稱單數(shù)一般情況works runs lives在清輔音后在s z t d 后其他情況teaches does finishesstudies tries flies2、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的四種變化形式及變化規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞變化規(guī)則workstaywanthopeliveusetryst

7、udystopplanadmit3、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)，現(xiàn)在分詞，過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞packneedwatchPlayworryborrowputletgivesitswimbeginseerideeatdrawshallcankeepknowhearlearnforgetspeakwishwaitlookmovefinishcall listenlivewantstarttalktripreachenjoyreadmustsingringdrinkrunmeetdoflysaygohavecomefindleavebuy（2）動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)表示不同的時(shí)

8、間和方式，從時(shí)間上看，有現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)、過(guò)去將來(lái)之分，從方式上看，有一般、進(jìn)行、完成、完成進(jìn)行之分，共有十六種時(shí)態(tài)。以do為例完成下表：現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)一般進(jìn)行shall be doingwill be doing完成should/would have done完成進(jìn)行should/would have been doing一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always，usually，often，sometimes，every week（day，month，year），once a week，on Sundays，etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞 行為動(dòng)

9、詞構(gòu)成規(guī)則：否定形式 am/is/are not 此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加dont，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesnt，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句 若特殊疑問(wèn)詞直接作主語(yǔ)，句中不使用助動(dòng)詞用法：1.表示習(xí)慣性的，現(xiàn)在反復(fù)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)我通常九點(diǎn)鐘睡覺(jué)。 _2.表示主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在的特征、性格或發(fā)生、存在于說(shuō)話時(shí)的感覺(jué)、狀態(tài)我覺(jué)得很冷。_3.表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理光比聲音傳播得快。_4.表示按規(guī)定預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的未來(lái)動(dòng)作，只限于go，come，leave，start，stay，return，begin等動(dòng)詞九月一日開(kāi)學(xué)。_5.在連詞when，before，

10、until，if，as soon as引導(dǎo)的表示將來(lái)行為的狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)如果明天天晴，我們就去游長(zhǎng)城。_二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)概念：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago，yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week（year，night，month），in 1989，just now，at the age of 5，one day，long long ago，once upon a time，etc基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞 行為動(dòng)詞：變化規(guī)則 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞否定形式：was/were not 在行為動(dòng)詞

11、前加didnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞一般疑問(wèn)句：was或were放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did提問(wèn)，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式提問(wèn)，動(dòng)詞用原形。用法：1.表示在過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)他一個(gè)小時(shí)前在這里。_2.表示在過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間里反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)他在中學(xué)時(shí)代幾乎天天踢足球。_3.表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用used to+動(dòng)詞原形或would+動(dòng)詞原形去年你通常什么時(shí)候起床？_三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now，at this time，these days，etc基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are + doing否定形式：a

12、m/is/are + not +doing一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首用法：1.說(shuō)話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作2.反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（常與always，forever，all the time，continually等副詞連用）表示感嘆、驚訝、厭惡等情緒3.一種婉轉(zhuǎn)的語(yǔ)氣（hope，want，wonder等動(dòng)詞）4.表示預(yù)計(jì)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（只有do，come，leave，arrive，return，begin，do，die，lose等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞）The train is arriving soon._She is always thinking of others._Im hoping you ca

13、n come and have supper with us._四、一般將來(lái)時(shí)概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow，next day（week，month，year），soon，in a few minutes，by，the day after tomorrow，etc基本結(jié)構(gòu)： am/is/are + going to do will/shall + do否定形式： am/is/are + not will/shall + not一般疑問(wèn)句： be放于句首 will/shall提到句首其他表示將來(lái)時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：1._ 表示說(shuō)話者明確的打算或確信會(huì)

14、發(fā)生他打算開(kāi)個(gè)會(huì)來(lái)討論那件事。_恐怕天要下雪。_2._ 表示安排好要發(fā)生或命令做什么1）預(yù)先安排好的計(jì)劃或約定周六晚上將會(huì)要一場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)。_2）說(shuō)話者的意志、意圖、職責(zé)、義務(wù)、命令所有的問(wèn)題都必須立即回答。_不準(zhǔn)打開(kāi)這扇門(mén)。_3）注定要發(fā)生的事情他的計(jì)劃是注定要失敗的。 _3._ 表示“即將要做某事”會(huì)議就要開(kāi)始。_五、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)概念：表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at this time yesterday，at that time，at the moment等或表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用基本結(jié)構(gòu)： was/were + doing否定形式： was/were

15、+ not +doing一般疑問(wèn)句： 把was/were 放在句首用法：1.表示過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作2.表示過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作昨天一整天都在下雨。_他總是問(wèn)她問(wèn)題。_六、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)概念：立足于過(guò)去某一刻，從過(guò)去看將來(lái)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：the next day（morning，year ）,the following month（week）基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were + going + to do ； would/should + do否定形式：was/were + not + going to do ； would/should + not + do一般疑問(wèn)句：

16、was/were或would/should提到句首The bus was about to start._I told her I should return the book in a few days._He said he was to finish the work in a week._七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)概念：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：recently，lately，since，for，in the past few years，so far，just，already，ever，never，before，yet，t

17、his month（year）等基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + done否定形式：have/has + not +done一般疑問(wèn)句：have或has提到句首用法：1.表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去而對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作，是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)2.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞接表示一段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)我們學(xué)英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)有六年了。_我去了美國(guó)兩次。_3.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不接表示段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，常用的瞬間動(dòng)詞有g(shù)o，come，arrive，leave，begin，borrow，die，fall，finish，stop，lose，kill，graduate，join，buy等判斷對(duì)錯(cuò)：1. I have received his letter for two

18、days.2. I havent received his letter for two days.八、過(guò)去完成時(shí)概念：以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為基準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：by，by the time，before，by the end of last year（term，month）基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had + done否定形式：hadnt + done一般疑問(wèn)句：had放于句首使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)句型：1. It was the first time thatIt was the second time that I had been hurt by

19、his words.2. It wasyears sinceIt was three years since the building had been painted.3. hardlywhen, no soonerthan, scarelywhen九、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)概念：表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，可能剛剛結(jié)束，也可能還在繼續(xù)進(jìn)行基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + been + doing注意：1.表示短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，如go，marry，come，get up或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞、知覺(jué)動(dòng)詞和情感動(dòng)詞，如see，know，love等不能用這種時(shí)態(tài)2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)

20、在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已完成表示動(dòng)作在現(xiàn)在為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)曾經(jīng)延續(xù)進(jìn)行或目前仍在繼續(xù)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作持續(xù)進(jìn)行比較與判斷對(duì)錯(cuò)：I have watered the flower.I have been watering the flower. I have known her for a long time.I have been knowing her for a long time.Practice：一、用動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1. Who _ (dance) beautifully in the classroom, Lily or Lucy?2. They _ (build) a sto

21、ne bridge over the river in 1996.3. They _ (be) back in a month.4. The Turners _ (have) dinner when I came in.5. There _ some chalk in the box yesterday.6. The little boy _ (swim) in the river by himself. How dangerous it is!7. LiLei _ (listen) to the teacher carefully when you went past the classro

22、om.8. She _ (lose) his fathers bike. She wants to buy a new one.9. By the end of the first half, we _ (kick) four goals.10. Did they know when they _ (start)?11. Light _ (travel) faster than sound.12. We _ (know) the child since he came here.13. Put on more clothes. The wind _ (blow) outside.14. Whe

23、n I _ (walk) in the street, I met my old friends.15. I _ (not see) Mr. Zhang for a long time, but I _ (meet) him tomorrow.16. _ (wait) a minute! I _ (look) for my glasses.17. Before you rang me, I _ (finish) doing my homework.18. Yesterday, when I _ (get) there, they _ (have) a meeting.19. My grandf

24、ather _ (die) for 10 years.20. Alice _ (teach) in Europe for fifteen years before she _ (go) to Australia.21. I _ (not return) the book to the library yesterday because I _ (not finish) reading it.22. She _(be) ill since Monday.23. As soon as the bell _ (ring) for break, the door _ (open) and in_(co

25、me) Mr. Black, our English teacher.24. He usually _ (go) to school by bike.25. Look! The grandma _ (run) after the grandson.26._ your sister often _ (do) her homework in evening?27. Where _ your brother _ (study) before he _ (go) to America?28. We _ (go) to the park if it _ (not rain) tomorrow.29. _

26、 they _ (have) a meeting in the room now?30. They _ (be) back from Italy in a month.二、語(yǔ)法填空1. They plane _ (take off) at 7:00 pm, so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest.2. It was the first time that Helen _ (understand) such a complex word a word for something she couldnt touch.3. Choosing a career is an involved(復(fù)雜的) process that _ (base) on a number of things, includ