【英語(yǔ)】高二英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(社會(huì)文化)真題匯編(含答案)含解析

1、【英語(yǔ)】高二英語(yǔ)閱讀理解（社會(huì)文化）真題匯編（含答案）含解析一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解社會(huì)文化類1 .閱讀理解In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music, dance and theatre in Edinburgh. The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.It quickly attracted f

2、amous names such as Alec Guinness, Richard Burton, Dame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras(交響樂團(tuán)).It became a fixed event every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly.At the same time, the "Fringe" appeared as a challenge(挑戰(zhàn))to the official fes

3、tival. Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947, in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform, and they did so in a public house disused for years.Soon, groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham and B

4、irmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little - known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.Today the "Fringe", once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, mu

5、sic and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts. And yet as early as 1959, with only 19 theatre groups performing, some said it was getting too big.A paid administrator(行政人員)was first employed only in 1971, and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 15

6、0 during August itself. In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries. More than 1.25 million tickets were sold.(1) What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning?A.To bring Europe together again.B.To honor heroes of World War

7、 II.C.To introduce young theatre groups.D.To attract great artists from Europe.(2) Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947?A.They owned a public house there.B.They came to take up a challenge.C.They thought they were also famous.D.They wanted to take part in the festival.(3)

8、What does the "Fringe" mean in the third paragraph?A.unpopular groupsB.non-official groupsC.foreign groupsD.local groups(4) We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival A.has become a non-official eventB.has gone beyond an art festival C.gives shows all year round D.keeps growing rap

9、idly 【答案】(1) A D (3) B (4) D【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了愛丁堡音樂節(jié)形成和發(fā)展，包括對(duì)創(chuàng)設(shè)目 的，參與群體，發(fā)展規(guī)模等方面進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要而準(zhǔn)確的敘述，回顧了愛丁堡音樂節(jié)的發(fā)展歷 程。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second WorldWar.可知，這個(gè)Edinburgh Festival是為了在二戰(zhàn)后重新團(tuán)結(jié)歐洲。故選A。(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"Eightheatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947

10、, inthe belief that everyone should have the right to perform,可知這些隊(duì)伍認(rèn)為每個(gè)人都有表演的權(quán)力，所以他們想要參加節(jié)日。故選Do(3)考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的"Atthe same time, the ' Fringeappeared as achallenge(挑戰(zhàn))to the official festival. 可知 Fringe”與 official 是相對(duì)的；再根據(jù) "Eight theatre groups turned up ?”以及第四段中的"Soon, groups o

11、f students firstly from Edinburgh University,and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform可知很多團(tuán)體和大學(xué)生也參與了進(jìn)來(lái)，所以Fringe譯為非正式的，故選 B。(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"today there are eight administrators working

12、allyear round and the number rises to 150 during August itself. In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries. 可知它發(fā)展的非 ?？?。故選D。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱 讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出 正確答案。2 .閱讀理解It is quite reasonabl

13、e to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel. It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the driver's seat is another

14、matter.Road politeness is not only good manners, but a good sense. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and figh

15、ting. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and becomes so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such behavior of politeness is by no means enough. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able torecognize politeness wh

16、en they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. A typical example is the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may not be able to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and when

17、ever they want to.An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in a traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings. Unfortunately, modern drivers can't even learn to drive, let alone master the

18、 roadmanship （公路駕車技能）. Years ago, experts warned us that the fast increase of the carownership would demand more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.（ 1 ） The most suitable title for this passage would be .A.Traffic Jams.B.Good Manners.C.Roa

19、d Politeness.D.Modern Drivers.（ 2） Troubles on the road are often caused by .A.traffic jamsB.the behavior of the driversC.the great speed of modern life D.terrible road conditions（ 3） According to the writer, a good driver should .A.encourage children to cross the road whenever they want toB.beat ba

20、ck when forced to face rude drivingC.be able to recognize politeness when he sees itD.join in a traffic stream quickly however other people feel（ 4） t is not always right for drivers to .A.master the roadmanshipB.neglect politeness when they see itC.give a friendly nod in answer to an act of politen

21、essD.encourage old ladies to cross the road whenever and wherever they want to【答案】（ 1 ） C（ 2） B（ 3） C（ 4） D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了的道路行車禮儀的話題，道路行車的禮儀正變得越來(lái)越糟糕了，道路行車禮儀不僅僅是有禮貌的還是有意義的，接下來(lái)介紹了一些不恰當(dāng)?shù)淖龇?，最后提出文明行車?shì)在必行。（ 1）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第二段中的“ Road politeness is not only good manners, but a goodsense. ；以及第三段中的 ”“ Howev

22、er, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous 可知，文章”從正反兩面講述了司機(jī)在道路上行駛的時(shí)候所應(yīng)該注意的禮貌問題，而且作者在最后一段介紹了一位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的司機(jī)對(duì)此的看法，由此判斷這篇文章最合適的標(biāo)題是道路禮儀。故選Co(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“butmanners on the road are becoming horrible.Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel ; 以及第二 段中的 ”.,.but good

23、sense too. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving. 可知，但是在路上的舉止卻越來(lái)越糟 糕。每個(gè)人都知道，最善良的人在駕駛時(shí)也會(huì)變成兇猛的老虎。即使是頭腦最冷靜的司 機(jī)，在被迫面對(duì)粗魯?shù)鸟{駛行為時(shí)，也需要極大的耐心來(lái)放棄反擊的欲望。所以馬路上的 麻煩很多都是由人的行為引起的，故選B。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"Many drivers nowadays don'

24、;t even seem able torecognize politeness when they see it.可知，現(xiàn)在的很多司機(jī)看起來(lái)不知道什么才是道路禮 節(jié)。所以判斷出根據(jù)作者的說法，一個(gè)好的司機(jī)應(yīng)該知道什么是道路禮節(jié)，故選Co(4)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"misplacedpoliteness can also be dangerous ;"以及“The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to. ”可知，不恰當(dāng)?shù)亩Y貌可

25、能是危險(xiǎn)的，同樣的道理適用于鼓勵(lì)老婦人隨時(shí)隨地過馬路。所以司機(jī)鼓勵(lì)老婦人隨時(shí)隨地過馬路并不總是正確的。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱 讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推 理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3.閱讀短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Climate change is perhaps the key issue of our time. Often, however, it is presented to us as being so abstract th

26、at it seems impossibly distant. For those of you looking for something a little more concrete, a new report suggests that the effects of climate change may significantly affect coffee.The report, put out by The Climate Institute, describes the effects of climate change on various coffee-growing nati

27、ons and the resultant effects on the plants and those who grow them.Coffee Arabica plants, which produce 70% of all commercial coffee, can be adversely affected by even a half-degree change in typical weather conditions. This sensitivity to temperature puts the plant at increased risk of the effects

28、 of climate change.In Central America the average temperature has risen by a full degree Celsius since 1960. In Ethiopia the average temperature has increased by 1. 3 degrees. This increase is enough to have notable effects on the plants. In Tanzania the productivity per hectare of coffee has fallen

29、 by half since the 1960s due to changes in temperature.Indeed, studies claim that by 2050 the area of the world suitable for growing coffee will be cut by half. Coffee production is likely to then be pushed to higher elevations (海拔)to take advantage of lower temperatures, but this will not be enough

30、 to make up for lost lowland areas.Coffee is the second most traded goods by developing nations, and the inability of producer nations to export it could cause dramatic chain reactions in their economies. Millions of people make a living in the production, processing, transport, and sale of coffee;

31、their livelihoods would stand to take a blow as growing areas decrease and prices rise.As the temperature keeps rising, your cup of coffee will become much more expensive, and it may also carry an aftertaste bitterer than usual, for all those workers in the coffee belt left without the means to make

32、 a living as conditions worsen. Not only that, but the economic effects will cost the West millions in increased foreign aid.(1) What does the underlined word "adversely" in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A. slightlyB. temporarilyC. harmfullyD. gradually(2) Why will people have to grow cof

33、fee in highland areas?A. To adapt to the change of temperature.hB. To increase the quality of the products.C. To reduce the cost of coffee productionD. To get access to water supply more easily.(3) What conclusion can we draw from the last two paragraphs?A. The rich will get richer and the poor poor

34、er.B. Small changes may have large effects in general.C. Developed countries ought to aid poor countries.D. Coffee trade will eventually disappear in the world.(4) How does the author feel about the future of coffee production?A. Cautious.B. Worried.C. Unconcerned.D. Hopeful.【答案】(1) C A (3) B(4) B【解

35、析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，一份新的報(bào)告表明，氣候變化的影響可能會(huì)顯著影 響咖啡。到2050年，世界上適合種植咖啡的面積將減少一半?？Х犬a(chǎn)業(yè)的變化會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)造 成很多影響。(1)考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的"Thissensitivity to temperature puts the plant atincreased risk of the effects of climate change.這種對(duì)溫度的敏感性增加了植物受到氣候變化影響的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。由此推斷出，上文的意思是阿拉比卡咖啡的產(chǎn)量占所有商業(yè)咖啡的70%,在典型的天氣條件下，即使氣溫只上升了半度，也會(huì)對(duì)其產(chǎn)生不利影響。&quo

36、t;adversely"意思是有害的，故選C。(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的"Coffee production is likely to then be pushed to higherelevations to take advantage of lower temperatures, but this will not be enough to make up for lost lowland areas.咖啡生產(chǎn)很可能會(huì)被推到更高的海拔，以利用更低的溫度，但這將不足 以彌補(bǔ)失去的低地地區(qū)。由此推斷出，人們要在高地地區(qū)種植咖啡是為了適應(yīng)溫度的變 化，故選Ao(3)

37、考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"Coffeeis the second most traded goods bydeveloping nations, and the inability of producer nations to export it could cause dramatic chain reactions in their economies.咖啡是發(fā)展中國(guó)家的第二大貿(mào)易商品，而生產(chǎn)國(guó)無(wú)法出口咖 啡，可能會(huì)在其經(jīng)濟(jì)中引發(fā)巨大的連鎖反應(yīng))和最后一段中的“Not only that, but theeconomic effects will cost the Wes

38、t millions in increased foreign aid.不僅如此，其經(jīng)濟(jì)影響還 將使西方國(guó)家在增加對(duì)外援助方面損失數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元。由此推斷出，這些小的變化也可能產(chǎn) 生大的影響，故選 B。(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"anew report suggests that the effects of climatechange may significantly affect coffee.份新的報(bào)告表明，氣候變化的影響可能會(huì)顯著影響 咖啡。和第五段中的"Indeed,studies claim that by 2050 the area of the wor

39、ld suitable forgrowing coffee will be cut by half.事實(shí)上，研究表明，至U2050年，世界上適合種植咖啡的面積將減少一半。由此推斷出，作者對(duì)咖啡生產(chǎn)的未來(lái)很擔(dān)憂，故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇社會(huì)類閱讀，要求考 生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸 納，從而選出正確答案。4.閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。There's a world of difference between a horror movie and a come

40、dythe former scares youhalf to death while the latter leaves you rolling on the floor with laughter. But try watching them without the background music and you just might decide they're not so different after all. Music and movies have been closely connected since the beginning of the film indus

41、tryeven beforethe voices of actors were recorded. In movies, music helps to provide a sense of time and place, convey ideas about the characters and, most importantly, draw emotions out of the audience.Studies have long shown that our heart rates and anxiety levels rise and fall depending on the spe

42、ed of the music we hear. Using this knowledge, composers use sudden changes in film music speed to create fear among audiences. Slowing the speed of the music will have the opposite effect, bringing about a sense of peace or a dreamlike quality. The use of dissonant ( 不和力皆的) tones and noises is anot

43、her technique that heightens tension. Humans naturally become unnerved when we hear dissonant sounds because such noises are usually associated with danger, like those that animals make to warn against predators ( 捕食者).As crucial as it is, the best film music is subtle. All that audiences are suppos

44、ed to feel is a heightened sense of emotion they shouldn't realize what's causing it. Only when the music is taken out of the film should audiences understand its effects.In keeping with this principle, some filmmakers are even using what's called "infrasound"( 次聲 波)to arouse f

45、ear. While we may not be able to hear it because its frequency is below the range of the human ear, infrasound has been proven to cause anxiety, tremble and even sorrow. For example, infrasound was used in the soundtrack of the 2007 horror movie Paranormal Activity , and audiences reposed extremely

46、high fear levels despite the 1ack of action throughout the movie. "It doesn't affect everyone equally," said British science writer Philip Ball, author of The Music Instinct, but he predicted that "we will see more of it used in movies in the future".(1) What is the differenc

47、e between a horror movie and a comedy?A. Their history. B. Their background music. C. Their actors. D. Their time and place. (2) What causes fear among audiences?A. The theme of the music.B. The slow speed of the tangle.C. The knowledge of the music.D. The unexpected change of the music.(3) What doe

48、s the underlined word "subtle" in the third paragraph mean?A. Gentle B. Wonderful C. Not immediately obvious D. Not extremely attractive (4) What do we know about "infrasound" from the last paragraph?A. It can't be known to people.B. It makes audiences relaxed.C. It is within

49、 the range of the human ear.D. It will be used more in movies in the future.【答案】(1) BD(3) C(4) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，電影和音樂的關(guān)系密切，音樂對(duì)于電影影響重大，作者說明了電影制作者如何用音樂來(lái)渲染氣氛。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"But try watching them without the background musicand you just might decide they're not so different after all."

50、 可知，但是試著在沒有背景音樂的 情況下看它們，你可能會(huì)覺得它們并沒有什么不同。所以通過反向推理，要是有了背景音 樂，恐怖電影和喜劇電影就截然不同了。故判斷出恐怖電影和喜劇電影的區(qū)別在于他們的 背景音樂。故選Bo(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Using this knowledge, composers use sudden changesin film music speed to create fear among audiences." 可知，禾U用這知識(shí)，作曲家禾U用電影音 樂速度的突然變化在觀眾中制造恐懼。所以音樂的突然變化會(huì)使觀眾恐懼。故選Do(3)考查詞

51、義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的"All that audiences are supposed to feel is a heightenedsense of emotion they shouldn't realize what's causing it. Only when the music is taken out of the film should audiences understand its effects." 可知，觀眾應(yīng)該感受到的只是一種強(qiáng)烈的情 感一一他們不應(yīng)該意識(shí)到是什么導(dǎo)致了這種情感。只有當(dāng)音樂被從電影中刪除時(shí)，觀眾才 能理解它的影響。所

52、以這段在解釋最好的電影音樂是不易被觀眾察覺的音樂。也就是對(duì)"subtle”的解釋。故第三段加下劃線的"subtle"一詞是C選項(xiàng)不明顯的故選C。(4)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的"but he predicted that "we will see more of it used inmovies in the future"可知，但他預(yù)測(cè)我們將來(lái)會(huì)看到更多的電影會(huì)使用它“。所以從最后一段可知，"infrasound”將在未來(lái)的電影中被更多地使用。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一

53、篇文化類閱 讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選 出正確答案。(5) 讀理解Nobel prize winners sometimes display as much uniqueness when deciding how to spend their prize money as they did on the work that won them the award in the first place.When Sir Paul Nurse won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2001, he decided

54、 to upgrade his motorbike. A fellow winner in 1993, Richard Roberts, installed a croquet lawn in front of his house. Austrian author Elfriede Jelinek, who won in 2004, said the prize meant "financialindependence."Lars Heikensten, executive director of the Nobel Foundation, said there were

55、no obvious shopping trends among winners."I think it depends a lot on which country they come from, their personal finances. what kind of incomes they have when they get the prize," he said.Real estate, however, is a popular option, at least among those willing to reveal what they spend th

56、e money on. Phillip Sharp, the American co-winner of the 1993 medicine prize, decided to splash out on a 100-year-old Federal style house. "I took that money and bought a little bit bigger house. It's a beautiful old place," he told AFP( 法新社),adding that "The money is a nice part

57、of the process", but "the important thing about the prize is the recognition."For winners of the peace prize the decision is often more clear-cut, as the honor tends to go to politicians, organizations and activists who are under more public supervision. Many, like US President Barack

58、 Obama in 2009 and the European Union in 2012, donate to charities.Literature winners tend to be more private about how they use the money, but the choice is often equally straightforward. "Even if Nobel-winning authors are quite well known, many of them will not have made much money from writi

59、ng," said Anna Gunder, a Nobel literature expert at Uppsala University. While the prize might keep the wolf from the door for some years, giving them freedom to write, it can also briefly have the opposite effect. "It really changes their careers During the first year after they've won they often write less, but they generally continue after a year or two," said Gunder.(1) From the passage, we learn that.A. The money is actually the best part of the Nobel PrizeB. Nobel winners have great originality in using prize moneyC. Fe