中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)-反義疑問(wèn)句

1、反意疑問(wèn)句反意疑問(wèn)句是由兩部分組成的，前一部分是對(duì)事物的陳述（即陳述句），后一部分是簡(jiǎn)短的提問(wèn)（即簡(jiǎn)短疑問(wèn)句），中間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。如果前一部分用肯定句，后一部分就用否定疑問(wèn)句；如果前一部分用否定句，后一部分就用肯定疑問(wèn)句。兩部分的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)要一致。其回答是用yes或no來(lái)表示。一、含be(is, are, was, were)動(dòng)詞的反意疑問(wèn)句其句型是：句型1:主語(yǔ)+ be+其它，isnt(arent, wasnt, werent)+ 主語(yǔ)? 句型2:主語(yǔ)+ be not+其它，is(are, was, were) + 主語(yǔ)? You are from America, arent you? Ye

2、s, I am. No, Im not. It isnt very cold today, is it? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. Tom was away yesterday, wasnt he? Yes, he was. No, he wasnt. The Green werent at home last night, were they? Yes, they were. No, they werent. Mary is reading English now, isnt she? Yes, she is. No, she isnt. Your parents a

3、rent going to have a party this Sunday, are they? Yes, they are. No, they arent. The girls were singing when the teacher came in, werent they?Yes, they were. No, they werent.注意：There be句型 There is an old picture on the wall, isnt there? Yes, there is. No, there isnt. There arent any children in the

4、room, are there? Yes, there are. No, there arent. There wasnt a telephone call for me, was there? Yes, there was. No, there wasnt. There were enough people to pick apples, werent there? Yes, there were. No there werent. 二、行為動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的反意疑問(wèn)句 其句型是：句型1: 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它，dont I(you, we, they)? 句型2: 主語(yǔ)+ dont+動(dòng)詞原

5、形+其它，do I(you, we, they)? 句型3: 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)+其它，doesnt he(she, it)? 句型4: 主語(yǔ)+ doesnt+動(dòng)詞原形+其它，does he(she, it)? You often watch TV in the evening, dont you? Yes, I do. No, I dont. The students dont study hard, do they? Yes, they do. No, they dont. Mary studies Chinese hard, doesnt she? Yes, she does. No

6、, she doesnt. The boy doesnt often go to school by bike, does he? Yes, he does. No, he doesnt. The first class begins at eight, doesnt it? Yes, it does. No, it doesnt.三、 行為動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的反意疑問(wèn)句其句型是：句型1: 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其它，didnt+主語(yǔ)? 句型2: 主語(yǔ)+didnt+動(dòng)詞原形+其它，did +主語(yǔ)? You watched TV last night, didnt you? Yes, I did. N

7、o, I didnt. Jims parents didnt go to Hong Kong last month, did they? Yes, they did. No, they didnt. The rain stopped, didnt it? Yes, it did. No, it didnt. Mr. Clarke didnt buy a car, didnt he? Yes, he did. No, he didnt.四、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的反意疑問(wèn)句 其句型是：句型1: 主語(yǔ)+will+動(dòng)詞原形+其它，wont+主語(yǔ)? 句型2: 主語(yǔ)+ wont +動(dòng)詞原形+其它，will +主語(yǔ)?

8、 The boys will play games, wont they? Yes, they will. No, they wont. It wont stop raining, will it? Yes, it will. No, it wont. Mr. Smith will visit our school next week, wont he? Yes, he will. No, he wont.注意：There be句型的一般將來(lái)時(shí) There will be a basketball match tomorrow, wont there? Yes, there will. No,

9、 there wont. There wont be too much pollution in the future, will there? Yes, there will. No, there wont.五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的反意疑問(wèn)句其句型是：句型1: 主語(yǔ)+have+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+其它，havent+主語(yǔ)? 句型2: 主語(yǔ)+ havent +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+其它，have +主語(yǔ)? 句型3: 主語(yǔ)+has+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+其它，hasnt+主語(yǔ)? 句型4: 主語(yǔ)+ hasnt +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+其它，has +主語(yǔ)? You have been to Shanghai before, haven

10、t you? Yes I have. No, I havent. You havent been to Shanghai before, have you? Yes I have. No, I havent. Jack has done his homework, hasnt he? Yes, he has. No, he hasnt. Jack hasnt done his homework, has he? Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.六、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的反意疑問(wèn)句其句型是：句型1: 主語(yǔ)+have been+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其它，havent+主語(yǔ)? 句型2: 主語(yǔ)

11、+ havent been +動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其它，have +主語(yǔ)? 句型3: 主語(yǔ)+has been +動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其它，hasnt+主語(yǔ)? 句型4: 主語(yǔ)+ hasnt been +動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其它，has +主語(yǔ)? You have been skating for five hours, havent you? Yes, I have. No, I havent. You havent been skating for five hours, have you? Yes, I have. No, I havent. Bob has been collecting kites sin

12、ce 1999, hasnt he? Yes, he has. No, he hasnt. Bob hasnt been collecting kites since 1999, has he? Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.七、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的反意疑問(wèn)句其句型是：句型1: 主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形+其它，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞否定形式+主語(yǔ)? 句型2: 主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞否定形式+動(dòng)詞原形+其它，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)? You can speak French, cant you? Yes, I can. No, I cant. They cant understand me, can they

13、? Yes, they can. No, they cant. Ann could swim when she was six, couldnt she? Yes, she could. No, she couldnt. The students must study hard, mustnt they? Yes, they must. No, they neednt.注意：You must go home now, neednt you? Yes, I must. No, I neednt. 值得注意的是有時(shí)英語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞并不用否定式（即沒(méi)加上not），而是用上了“never, little

14、, few, hardly, nothing, nobody”等詞，這時(shí)該陳述句也屬于否定句，因此，反意疑問(wèn)句的后半部分應(yīng)用肯定疑問(wèn)式。 You have never been to Beijing, have you? Yes, I have. No, I havent. Mr. Fat has few friends here, does he? Yes, he does. No, he doesnt. There is little milk in the bottle, is there? Yes, there is. No, there isnt. He could do nothi

15、ng, could he? Yes, he could. No, he couldnt.八、祈使句用于反意疑問(wèn)句中 這種類型較特殊，前一部分是祈使句，后一部分是肯定疑問(wèn)形式?；卮鹨草^靈活。句型1: Let me+動(dòng)詞原形+其它，shall I?Let me open the door, shall I? Yes, please. No, thanks.句型2: Lets+動(dòng)詞原形+其它，shall we?Lets go for a walk, shall we? Good idea! Sorry, I cant.句型3: 其它形式的祈使句，will you?Come into the clas

16、sroom, will you? OK.反意疑問(wèn)句綜述反意疑問(wèn)句提出情況或看法，問(wèn)對(duì)方同不同意，這種問(wèn)句都由兩部分組成，前一部分用陳述句的形式，后一部分是一個(gè)附著在前一部分上的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句。 1一般情況下，如陳述句中含有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞be, 則在附加疑問(wèn)句中應(yīng)重復(fù)此助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞be, 問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與前面陳述句的主語(yǔ)同指一個(gè)(些)人或物。如： He has finished his homework, hasnt he? She cant swim, can she? Mary is a college student, isnt she? 2如陳述句部分中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞僅為實(shí)義動(dòng)

17、詞。則應(yīng)借助于助動(dòng)詞do 的適當(dāng)形式引導(dǎo)問(wèn)句。附加疑問(wèn)句部分的主語(yǔ)與陳述句的主語(yǔ)一致。如： You went home yesterday, didnt you? He likes playing basketball, doesnt he? 3如陳述句部分是 I 引導(dǎo)的主系表結(jié)構(gòu)組成，附加疑問(wèn)句部分的主語(yǔ)仍用第一人稱單數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用are的某種形式，一般不用am。如： Im a teacher, arent I / aint I? 4若陳述句部分為祈使句，則附加疑問(wèn)句部分中用will you 或 wont you。如： Be quick, wont you / will you? Let

18、 us have a rest, will you / wont you? 但如陳述句部分為否定祈使句，附加疑問(wèn)句部分用will you。如： Dont smoke here, will you? Dont make so mush noise, will you? 如果陳述句部分為lets 開(kāi)頭的祈使句，附加疑問(wèn)句部分用“shall we?”。如： Lets stop here, shall we? 5如陳述句部分含有hardly, seldom, never, little, few, never等否定意義的詞時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分要用肯定形式。如： He hardly raised his

19、head, did he? She is never here on time, is she？ 6如陳述句部分的主語(yǔ)為nothing, nobody, none, no one 等含有否定意義的不定代詞時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分用肯定形式。如： Nothing has happened, has it? No one knows about it, does he? 7如陳述句部分的主語(yǔ)為表示物的不定代詞everything, something, nothing, anything等時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是it。如： Nothing has been taken away, has it? Ev

20、erything is right, isnt it? 8陳述句部分的主語(yǔ)為表示人的不定代詞no one, someone, nobody, everyone, anybody, anyone等時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分主語(yǔ)用they 或 he。如： Everybody knows how to do it, dont they/ doesnt he? Nobody was there, wasnt he / werent they? 9如陳述句部分的謂動(dòng)詞或表語(yǔ)是通過(guò)加前綴構(gòu)成的否定詞，附加疑問(wèn)句部分用否定形式。如： He is unfit for the job, isnt he? They di

21、scovered the secret, didnt they? It is unnecessary to write down all the words and phrases, isnt it? 10.陳述句部分的主語(yǔ)是“none+of+ n.”, 附加疑問(wèn)句部分的謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上應(yīng)和這個(gè)名詞保持一致。如： None of the students went there, did they? None of the dish smells good, does it? 11. 陳述句部分是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，附加疑問(wèn)句部分的主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上一般與主句保持一致。如： He said he wo

22、uld help me, didnt he? You promised that you would do me a favour, didnt you? 12在復(fù)合句中，如果主句的主語(yǔ)是I，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think, believe, suppose, guess等時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句部分的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)和從句保持一致。當(dāng)主句或從句中出現(xiàn)否定詞時(shí)，則附加疑問(wèn)句部分一律用肯定形式。如： I dont think you are right, are you? I believe he will come today, wont he? I suppose you know him, dont you? 1

23、3陳述句部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是wish，附加疑問(wèn)句部分應(yīng)用“may+主語(yǔ)”。如： I wish to go there tomorrow, may I? I wish to have a word with you, may I? 14陳述句部分是there be 句型時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分主語(yǔ)用“be there”的適當(dāng)形式。 如： There are a lot of students in the hall, arent there? There wont be any trouble, will there? There is something wrong, isnt there? 15陳述句

24、部分的主語(yǔ)為this 或that，附加疑問(wèn)句部分的主語(yǔ)用代詞it；如果是these 或those，用they。如： This is a desk, isnt it? These are books, arent they? 16當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分主語(yǔ)用it，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由陳述句部分決定。如： To see is to believe, isnt it? What he said is true, isnt it? Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it? Learning how to rep

25、air motors takes a long time, doesnt it? 17如果陳述句部分由兩個(gè)或以上的并列句組成，則附加疑問(wèn)句部分的主謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)和最后一個(gè)分句保持一致。如： He studies hard and he is the best one in his class, isnt he? He got up late, and he didnt arrive on time, did he? He has been writing letters all afternoon, and he should be finished, shouldnt he? 18當(dāng)陳述句部分含有情

26、態(tài)動(dòng)詞must，且表示推測(cè)意義“一定”、“想必”時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分不能用must，而應(yīng)根據(jù)陳述句部分的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)采用相應(yīng)的主動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞。 (1) must be, must be doing 的反意問(wèn)句用be not 的簡(jiǎn)略式。如： He must be your friend, isnt he? They must be hunting in the mountains, arent they? (2) must +have done (been) 時(shí)，若動(dòng)作在過(guò)去發(fā)生，用didnt / wasnt / werent；若動(dòng)作延續(xù)但現(xiàn)在或已經(jīng)完成，則用havent/ hasnt。如： He

27、must have been a schoolboy when the war broke out, wasnt he? He must have joined the army when he left home, didnt he? Charlie must have worked here for 12 years, hasnt he? Its one oclock in the afternoon. They must have had lunch, havent they? (3) must+動(dòng)詞原型（be,have除外)，用do / does / did not 的簡(jiǎn)略式，若mus

28、t 后接表示 “有”的意思的have，則用have / has / had not 或 do / did/ dose not皆可。如： He must feel terrible, doesnt he? You must have a lot of jewels, havent / dont you? 19當(dāng)陳述句部分的must 表示“必須”時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分用mustnt; must 表示“有 必要”時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分用neednt；mustnt 表示“禁止”時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分一般用must,有時(shí)用may。如： You must work hard next term, mustnt you

29、? I must answer the letter, mustnt it? You must go back right now, neednt you? You mustnt walk on grass, must you? 20當(dāng)陳述句部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ought to 時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分可以用oughtnt ( in British English)，也可以用shouldnt(in American English)。如： You ought to go there, oughtnt you / shouldnt you? 21當(dāng)陳述句部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞need，dare 時(shí)，如果need

30、, dare 為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則附加疑問(wèn)句部分應(yīng)重復(fù)此動(dòng)詞；如果是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則要借助助動(dòng)詞do。如： You dare to swim in the sea, dont you? He neednt say sorry to me, need he? 22當(dāng)陳述句部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是have 時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句部分應(yīng)視不同情況采用不同形式。 (1) have意為“有”時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分采用have或do 的形式。如： She has two children, hasnt she?/doesnt she? She doesnt have a new bike, does she? (2) 其他情況下，則

31、應(yīng)借助于do。如： They had a meeting here yesterday, didnt they? 23陳述句部分以代詞one 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分在正式場(chǎng)合用one，非正式的用you。如： One cant be too careful, can one (canyou )? 24陳述句部分用had better結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分用had。如： You had better finish the experiment, hadnt you? 25. 陳述句部分用have to do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句部分借助于助動(dòng)詞do的適當(dāng)形式。 如： I have to

32、do the work now, dont I? She had to give up the plan, didntshe? We have to finish the composition in class, dont we? 26.當(dāng)陳述句部分用used to 時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分用used to形式或did形式。如： He used to have a walk after supper, usednt he / didnt he? 27陳述句部分是感嘆句時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分應(yīng)用否定形式，其主語(yǔ)取決于表示感嘆的對(duì)象采用相應(yīng)的代詞，且用動(dòng)詞be的現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如： What a lovely d

33、ay, isnt it? What colours, arent they? What a stupid boy, isnt he? How delighted, isnt he? 28陳述句部分用neither.nor.，either.or.并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定。如： Neither you nor I am an engineer, are we? Neither you or he studies politics, dont they? 29當(dāng)對(duì)某人的話表示懷疑或諷刺時(shí)，用簡(jiǎn)略的形式重復(fù)對(duì)方的話，然后再加上反意問(wèn)句，陳述句部分和附加疑問(wèn)句部分的形式應(yīng)取得一致

34、，要么都肯定，要么都否定。如： Jack: Tom told me he saw a snake last night. Mary: He did, did he? 30陳述句部分有語(yǔ)氣詞so, ah, oh等時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句部分與陳述句部分應(yīng)該同為肯定或否定，這類反意問(wèn)句往往帶有感情色彩。 如： So you are a student, are you? So she cant swim, cant she?反意疑問(wèn)句的特殊情況如下：1)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是I，疑問(wèn)部分要用 aren”t I.I”m as tall as your sister，aren”t I?2)陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是wish，疑

35、問(wèn)部分要用may +主語(yǔ)。I wish to have a word with you, may I?3)陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用肯定含義。The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (開(kāi)花), do they ?4)含有ought to 的反意疑問(wèn)句，陳述部分是肯定的，疑問(wèn)部分用shouldn”t / oughtn”t +主語(yǔ)。He ought to know what

36、to do, oughtn”t he? / shouldn”t he?5)陳述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑問(wèn)部分常用don”t +主語(yǔ)（didn”t +主語(yǔ)）。We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don”t we?6)陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是used to 時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用didn”t +主語(yǔ)或 usedn”t +主語(yǔ)。He used to take pictures there, didn”t he? / usedn”t he?7)陳述部分有had better + v. 疑問(wèn)句部分用hadn”t you?You”d bett

37、er read it by yourself, hadn”t you?8)陳述部分有would rather +v.，疑問(wèn)部分多用 wouldn”t +主語(yǔ)。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn”t he?9)陳述部分有You”d like to +v. 疑問(wèn)部分用wouldn”t +主語(yǔ)。You”d like to go with me, wouldn”t you?10) 陳述部分有must 的疑問(wèn)句，疑問(wèn)部分根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。He must be a doctor, isn”t he?You must have s

38、tudied English for three years, haven”t you? / didn”t you?He must have finished it yesterday, didn”t he?11) 感嘆句中，疑問(wèn)部分用be +主語(yǔ)。What colours, aren”t they?What a smell, isn”t it?12)陳述部分由neither nor, either or 連接的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13)陳述部分主語(yǔ)是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問(wèn)部分主語(yǔ)用it。Everything is ready, isn”t it?14) 陳述部分為主語(yǔ)從句或并列復(fù)合句，疑問(wèn)部分有三種情況： a. 并列復(fù)合句疑問(wèn)部分，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been