石油 常用英語

1、Unit 21.petroleum=petro(rock) leum(oil)2.hydrocarbon=hydrogen(氫氫) carbon（碳）（碳） 3.iso-vol 4.undersaturated= under saturated5.saturated6.oversaturated石油石油烴，碳?xì)浠衔餆N，碳?xì)浠衔锏攘康攘课达柡偷奈达柡偷娘柡偷娘柡偷倪^飽和的過飽和的1 compound words7.retrograde= retro(向后向后) grade（變化）（變化）8.cricondentherm=critical condense therm(熱量單位，克卡，千卡熱量

2、單位，克卡，千卡) 9.cricondenbar10.barometer11.revaporize= re(又又) vaporize（蒸發(fā)）（蒸發(fā)）反常的反常的臨界凝析溫度臨界凝析溫度臨界凝析壓力臨界凝析壓力氣壓計(jì)氣壓計(jì)再次蒸發(fā)再次蒸發(fā)12. microscope13.microscopic= micro(微小微小) scopic（視覺上的）（視覺上的）14.macroscopic= macro scopic顯微鏡顯微鏡微觀的微觀的宏觀的宏觀的2 phrases15.black oil=low-shrinkage oil, ordinary oil16.volatile oil=high-sh

3、rinkage oil17.retrograde gas18.wet gas19.dry gas20.stock tank oil黑油，低收縮率原油黑油，低收縮率原油揮發(fā)性原油，高收縮率原油揮發(fā)性原油，高收縮率原油反常凝析氣反常凝析氣濕氣濕氣干氣干氣儲罐油儲罐油21.bubble point22.dew poine23. critical pressure24.critical temperature25.phase envelope26.phase diagram27.enhanced (oil) recovery 28.porous media泡點(diǎn)泡點(diǎn)露點(diǎn)露點(diǎn)臨界壓力臨界壓力臨界溫度臨界溫

4、度兩相區(qū)兩相區(qū)相圖相圖提高采收率，強(qiáng)化采油提高采收率，強(qiáng)化采油多孔介質(zhì)多孔介質(zhì)29.total porosity30.effective porosity31.residual porosity32.upstream pressure 33.downstream pressure34.dynamic viscosity35.oil-water transition erstitial water, connate water總孔隙度總孔隙度有效孔隙度有效孔隙度殘余孔隙度殘余孔隙度上游壓力上游壓力下游壓力下游壓力動力粘度動力粘度油水過渡帶油水過渡帶束縛水束縛水37.Darcy

5、s law38.absolute permeability39. effective permeability 40.relative permeability41.horizontal permeability42.vertical permeability達(dá)西定律達(dá)西定律絕對滲透率絕對滲透率有效滲透率有效滲透率相對滲透率相對滲透率水平滲透率水平滲透率垂向滲透率垂向滲透率3 Abbreviationpsi=pounds per square inch 磅磅/平方英寸平方英寸 1atm=14.7psi 1MPa=147psiOIIP=oil initially in placeGIIPOOIP

6、=oil originally in placeEOR=enhanced oil recovery原始地質(zhì)儲量原始地質(zhì)儲量提高采收率，提高采收率，強(qiáng)化采油強(qiáng)化采油Title:Characteristics of reservoir fluids and of reservoir rocksContents:Introduction(para.1)The Five Reservoir FluidsA. Introduction(para.2)B. Black Oils(para.3-7)C. Volatile Oils(para8-11)D. Retrograde gases(para.12-1

7、4)E. Wet Gases(para.15-16)F. Dry Gases(para.17)Summary(para.18)Characteristics of Reservoir RocksIntroduction(para.19)Porosity(para.20-23)Permeability(para.24-27)Factors Influencing Porosity and Permeability(para.28)Relative Permeability(para.29)Introduction(para.1)Nearly all naturally occurring pet

8、roleum deposits are made up of an extremely large number of petrolrum compounds, all mixed together.幾乎所有天然存在的石油礦藏都是由大量混合在幾乎所有天然存在的石油礦藏都是由大量混合在一起的石油化合物組成。一起的石油化合物組成。 Introduction(para.1)Seldom are two crude oils found (that are seemingly identical) and certainly never are two crude oils made up of th

9、e same proportions of the various compounds.很少發(fā)現(xiàn)有哪兩種原油看起來完全相同，當(dāng)然，很少發(fā)現(xiàn)有哪兩種原油看起來完全相同，當(dāng)然，更不可能有哪兩種原油是由多種化合物以相同比更不可能有哪兩種原油是由多種化合物以相同比例構(gòu)成。例構(gòu)成。 Characteristics of reservoir fluidsCharacteristics of reservoir rocksThe shape of phase diagram is an envelop.CharacteristicPhase behavior of multi-component syste

10、m (多組分相圖多組分相圖)Fig. 1.1.8 Phase diagram of a multi-component system C critical point；Above the bubble point line is liquid phase region； Below and to the right of the dew point line is gas phase region； The region bounded the bubble point line and dew point line is two phase region.bubble point lined

11、ew point lineCricondenthermcricondenbarBlack Oils(para.3-7)The compositionThe phase diagramThe ctitical pointthe iso-volsThe phase behavior Introduction(para.5)The vertical line 123 indicates the reduction in pressure at constant temperature that occures in reservoir during production.垂線垂線123表示油藏生產(chǎn)過

12、程中發(fā)生的等溫降壓過程表示油藏生產(chǎn)過程中發(fā)生的等溫降壓過程 Introduction(para.7)However, separator conditions lie well within the phase envelope, indicating that a relatively large amount of liquid arrives at the surface.但是分離器條件處于兩相區(qū)，說明在地面有大量的但是分離器條件處于兩相區(qū)，說明在地面有大量的液體產(chǎn)生。液體產(chǎn)生。 The compositionThe phase diagramThe ctitical pointthe

13、iso-volsThe phase behavior Volatile Oils(para8-11)The temperature range (covered by the phase envelopeenvileop )is somewhat smaller, but of more interest is the position of the critical point.a sentence in paragraph 9:( (揮發(fā)性原油的兩相區(qū)所覆蓋的揮發(fā)性原油的兩相區(qū)所覆蓋的) )溫度范圍要小一溫度范圍要小一些，但更值得注意的是臨界點(diǎn)的位置些，但更值得注意的是臨界點(diǎn)的位置 。Th

14、e compositionThe phase diagramThe ctitical pointthe iso-volsThe phase behavior Retrograde gases(para.12-14）)The compositionThe phase diagramThe ctitical pointthe iso-volsThe phase behavior Wet gases(para.15-16）)The compositionThe phase diagramThe ctitical pointthe iso-volsThe phase behavior Wet gase

15、s(para.15-17）)Fig. 1.1.10 low-shrinkage crude oil Fig. 1.1.11 high-shrinkage crude oil Fig. 1.1.12 retrograde gas Fig. 1.1.13 wet gas Fig. 1.1.14 dry gas From the low-shrinkage crude oil to the dry gas, the phase diagrams have the following characteristics: (1)The critical points shift from right to

16、 left. (2)The phase envelopes become smaller. The oils have a broader two-phase region than the gases. (3)The iso-vols shift towards the bubble point lines.Conclusion to phase behaviorA sentence in paragraph 18:(The method of fluid sampling, the types and sizes of surface equipment, the calculation

17、procedures for determining oil and gas in place, the techniques of predicting oil and gas reserves, the plan of depletion, and the selection of enhanced recovery method) are all dependent on the type of reservoir fluid. 流體取樣方法、地面設(shè)備的類型和處理能力、確定流體取樣方法、地面設(shè)備的類型和處理能力、確定油氣儲量的計(jì)算方法、油氣可采儲量的預(yù)測方法、油氣儲量的計(jì)算方法、油氣可采

18、儲量的預(yù)測方法、開發(fā)方案、強(qiáng)化采油方法的選擇等等都取決于油藏開發(fā)方案、強(qiáng)化采油方法的選擇等等都取決于油藏流體類型。流體類型。 Q1: Whats low-shrinkage crude oil? Whats high-shrinkage crude oil?A: The oil with a low shrinkage in volume is called the low-shrinkage crude oil, while the oil with a high shrinkage in volume is called the high-shrinkage crude oil.Q2: W

19、hat are the characteristics of the five type reservoir fluids?A: (1) Low-shrinkage oils consist of a wide variety of chemical species including large, heavy, nonvolatile molecules. The phase diagram covers a wide temperature range. The critical point is well up the slope of the phase envelope. The g

20、as-oil ratio is small.(2) High-shrinkage crude oil contains more of the lighter hydrocarbons than does low-shrinkage oil. The gas-oil ratio is relatively higher.(3) Retrograde gas contains fewer of the heavy hydrocarbons than do the oils.(4) Wet gas is mainly comprised of methane and ethane and a li

21、ttle amount of heavy components. Wet gas has very high producing gas-oil ratios. No liquid is formed in the reservoir, but some liquid is formed at the surface.(5) Dry gas is primarily methane and ethane, with little intermediates. No liquid is formed either in the reservoir or at the surface.Q3: Wh

22、ats the difference between the five diagrams?A: From the low-shrinkage crude oil to the dry gas, the phase diagrams have the following characteristics:(1) The critical points shift from right to left.(2) The phase envelopes become smaller. The oils have a broader two-phase region than the gases.(3)

23、The iso-vols shift towards the dew point lines.2Characteristics of reservoir rocksporosity(孔隙度孔隙度),permeability(滲透率滲透率), fluid saturation(流體飽和度流體飽和度).2.1 Definition of porosity: Porosity is defined as the ratio of the void space in a rock to the bulk volume (外表體外表體積積) of that rock. （Para21）The poros

24、ity of a rock may be defined as 1 minus the fraction of the bulk volume comprised of solid matter.孔隙度定義為巖石孔隙體積與外表體積孔隙度定義為巖石孔隙體積與外表體積的比值。的比值?？紫抖榷x為孔隙度定義為1減去固相占外表體積的分?jǐn)?shù)。減去固相占外表體積的分?jǐn)?shù)。2.2 Classification Of Porosity (1)Absolute porosity 絕對孔隙度絕對孔隙度(2)Effective porosity 有效孔隙度有效孔隙度(3)residual porosity 殘余孔隙度（

25、無效孔隙度）殘余孔隙度（無效孔隙度）Paragraph 21The porosity of interest to the reservoir specialist(, that which allows the fluids in the pores to circulate, )is the effective porosity, (which corresponds to the pores connected to each other and to other formation.)油藏工作者感興趣的是允許流體在孔隙中流油藏工作者感興趣的是允許流體在孔隙中流動的那部分孔隙度，稱為有效

26、孔隙度，它對動的那部分孔隙度，稱為有效孔隙度，它對應(yīng)于相互之間連通的孔隙，以及與其它地層應(yīng)于相互之間連通的孔隙，以及與其它地層相連通的孔隙。相連通的孔隙。 Paragraph25The specific or absolute permeability of a rock is the ability of the rock to allow a fluid (with which it is saturated) to flow though its pores.2.3 Permeability巖石的巖石的絕對滲透率絕對滲透率是巖石允許飽和的流體是巖石允許飽和的流體通過其孔隙的一種能力。通過

27、其孔隙的一種能力。 P2P1cross section Lets consider a sample of length dx and cross section A, saturated with a fluid of dynamic viscosity , and crossed horizontally by a flow rate Q . In steady state conditions, the upstream pressure is p, the downstream pressure is p-dp.The lateral sides are impervious to f

28、luids. If the fluid does not react with the rock, which is the general case:我們來考慮一段長為我們來考慮一段長為dx，截面積為，截面積為A的巖樣，飽和有動力粘度的巖樣，飽和有動力粘度為的流體，流體以流量為的流體，流體以流量Qi水平流過巖心。在穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)下，上游水平流過巖心。在穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)下，上游壓力為壓力為p，下游壓力為，下游壓力為p-dp。巖樣側(cè)面不能通過流體。通常情。巖樣側(cè)面不能通過流體。通常情況下流體與巖石不發(fā)生反應(yīng)況下流體與巖石不發(fā)生反應(yīng) Darcys law(para.26)A sentence in paragr

29、aph 28:Porosity and permeability of sandstone depend upon many factors, (among which are size and shape of the grains, variations in size of grains, arrangement in which grains were laid down and compacted, and the amount of clay and other materials which cement the sand grains together.)砂巖的孔隙度和滲透率取

30、決于很多因素，其中包砂巖的孔隙度和滲透率取決于很多因素，其中包括顆粒的大小和形狀、顆粒大小的變化情況、顆括顆粒的大小和形狀、顆粒大小的變化情況、顆粒沉積和排列方式，膠結(jié)砂粒的粘土以及其它物粒沉積和排列方式，膠結(jié)砂粒的粘土以及其它物質(zhì)的含量等。質(zhì)的含量等。 A sentence in paragraph 29: When dealing with the flow of more than one fluid through a sand, one must consider relative permeability the ease with which one fluid, (of the

31、 two or more fluids present, )will flow though connecting pore spaces in the presence of each other as compared to the ease with which one fluid will flow when it alone is present.當(dāng)處理砂巖中一種以上流體的流動問題時(shí)，必須考慮當(dāng)處理砂巖中一種以上流體的流動問題時(shí)，必須考慮相對滲透率相對滲透率-當(dāng)有兩種或兩種以上流體存在時(shí)，其中當(dāng)有兩種或兩種以上流體存在時(shí)，其中一種流體在其它流體存在時(shí)通過連通孔隙時(shí)的難易程一種流體在其

32、它流體存在時(shí)通過連通孔隙時(shí)的難易程度與只有一種流體存在時(shí)它流過孔隙的難易程度之比。度與只有一種流體存在時(shí)它流過孔隙的難易程度之比。 Please describe the process of the production of such reservoir?The vertical line 123 indicates the reduction in pressure at constant temperature that occurs in reservoir during production.When reservoir pressure lies anywhere along l

33、ine 12, the oil is only one phase, called undersaturated. As the reservoir pressure is at point 2, the oil is at its bubble point and is said to be satutated. A reduction in pressure will release gas to form a free gas phase in the reservoir. As reservoir pressure declines along line 23, additional

34、gas is evolved in the reservoir.Unit 91.1 Compound wordswellborepistonlikebreakthroughbottomholewaterfloodupstructure井眼井眼活塞式活塞式突破，見水突破，見水井底井底水驅(qū)水驅(qū)沿構(gòu)造向上沿構(gòu)造向上bottomwateredgewater底水底水邊水邊水1.2 phrasesdissolved gas drivegas cap drivewater drivecompletion intervalultimate recovery gas oil ratioproducing gas

35、 oil ratio溶解氣驅(qū)溶解氣驅(qū)氣頂驅(qū)氣頂驅(qū)水驅(qū)水驅(qū)完井層段完井層段最終采收率最終采收率氣油比氣油比生產(chǎn)氣油比生產(chǎn)氣油比gravitational segregation(volumetric) sweep efficiencypay thichnesswell spacingbottomhole pressure secondary gas capwater encroachmentwater influx重力分異重力分異波及系數(shù)波及系數(shù)產(chǎn)層厚度產(chǎn)層厚度井距井距,布井布井井底壓力井底壓力二次氣頂二次氣頂水侵水侵水侵水侵artificial liftshut inflow capacity

36、人工舉升人工舉升關(guān)井關(guān)井流動能力流動能力1.3 Abbreviation GOR=gas oil ratio 氣油比氣油比Unit 9 Reservoir drive mechanisms and their effects Sources of reservoir energy(para.1)Types of reservoir drives(para.2-20)Effects of reservoir drive mechanisms (para.21-39)第九單元第九單元 油藏驅(qū)動機(jī)理及其影響油藏驅(qū)動機(jī)理及其影響 Types of Reservoir DrivesInroduction

37、(para.2)Dissolved-Gas Drive(Para.3-8)Gas-Cap Drive(para.9-12)Water Drive(para.13-17)Gas Reservoir Drives(para.18-20)Effects of Reservoir Drive MechanismsIntroduction(para.21)Dissolved-Gas Reservoirs(para.22-29)Gas-Cap Expansion Reservoirs (para.30-35)Water Drive Reservoirs (para.36-39)Sources of res

38、ervoir energyFluid expansionRock expansionGravityTypes of reservoir drivesDissolved gas driveGas-cap expansion driveWater driveGas reservoir drives(1) elastic drive 彈性驅(qū)彈性驅(qū) (by the expansion energy of the rock and fluids in the oil zone)Types of Oil Reservoir Drive (驅(qū)動方式驅(qū)動方式) When pressure is higher

39、than the bubble point pressure, the flow of oil will be sustained by the expansion of the liquid and the rock, named elastic drive. 當(dāng)壓力高于當(dāng)壓力高于泡點(diǎn)壓力泡點(diǎn)壓力時(shí)，時(shí)，油的流動靠流體和巖石油的流動靠流體和巖石的膨脹來維持，稱為的膨脹來維持，稱為彈彈性驅(qū)。性驅(qū)。(2)Dissolved-gas drive溶解氣驅(qū)溶解氣驅(qū)(by the expansion energy of the dissolved gas) When pressure is below

40、the bubble point pressure, dissolved-gas expansion is mainly responsible for production, named dissolved-gas drive.當(dāng)壓力低于當(dāng)壓力低于泡點(diǎn)壓力泡點(diǎn)壓力時(shí)，溶解氣的膨脹是主要的生產(chǎn)時(shí)，溶解氣的膨脹是主要的生產(chǎn)動力，稱為溶解氣驅(qū)。動力，稱為溶解氣驅(qū)。Paragraph 5Initially, the flow of oil will be sustained by the expansion of liquid and the rock; it is the source of en

41、ergy until the bubble point pressure is reached, but it has a negligible effect on production below the bubble point.起初，原油流動由液體膨脹和巖石膨脹來維持，它起初，原油流動由液體膨脹和巖石膨脹來維持，它們是壓力達(dá)到泡點(diǎn)壓力以前的能量來源，但是在低們是壓力達(dá)到泡點(diǎn)壓力以前的能量來源，但是在低于泡點(diǎn)壓力后，它們對生產(chǎn)的影響可以忽略。于泡點(diǎn)壓力后，它們對生產(chǎn)的影響可以忽略。Paragraph 3The dissolved gas drive is sometimes explain

42、ed by a soda pop bottle analogy.If a bottle of carbonated soft drink is shaken with a thumb over the top, pressure will be developed from the carbon dioxide dissolved in the liquid, and the liquid can be sprayed from the bottle.As soon as the supply of carbon dioxide is exhausted, the process stops,

43、 and only dead liquid is left in the bottle.溶解氣驅(qū)有時(shí)用汽水瓶來類比。溶解氣驅(qū)有時(shí)用汽水瓶來類比。 如果用拇指堵住如果用拇指堵住一瓶碳酸軟飲料的瓶口搖動，溶解于液體中的一瓶碳酸軟飲料的瓶口搖動，溶解于液體中的CO2會產(chǎn)生壓力，使液體從瓶中噴濺出來。會產(chǎn)生壓力，使液體從瓶中噴濺出來。 一旦一旦CO2供應(yīng)耗盡，這個(gè)過程停止，瓶中只剩下靜止的液體。供應(yīng)耗盡，這個(gè)過程停止，瓶中只剩下靜止的液體。 Paragraph 3The depletion of a dissolved gas drive reservoir is similar (although

44、a little more complex), since the expansion of the reservoir rock and connate water plus the relative permeability effects complicate the process.溶解氣驅(qū)的衰竭與此類似，溶解氣驅(qū)的衰竭與此類似，只是稍微復(fù)雜了只是稍微復(fù)雜了一些，因?yàn)橛筒貛r石和一些，因?yàn)橛筒貛r石和束縛水束縛水的膨脹及的膨脹及相對相對滲透率滲透率的影響使這個(gè)過程變復(fù)雜了。的影響使這個(gè)過程變復(fù)雜了。 (3) gas-cap drive 氣頂驅(qū)氣頂驅(qū) (by the expansion en

45、ergy of the gas cap)Its not common, four special conditions must exist.(para9)Steeply dipping.High vertical permeability.The gas cap must be very large in relation to the oil column.The reservoir must be produced at a rate that permits gravitational segregation of the oil and gas.1 油藏傾斜度大；油藏傾斜度大；2.

46、油藏巖石具有相對較高的垂油藏巖石具有相對較高的垂向滲透率；向滲透率；3. 與油相相比，氣頂很大；與油相相比，氣頂很大；4. 油藏生產(chǎn)速度合理，以保證油藏生產(chǎn)速度合理，以保證油氣重力分異。油氣重力分異。(4) water drive 水驅(qū)水驅(qū) Elastic water drive 彈性水驅(qū)彈性水驅(qū) (by the expansion energy of the rock and fluids in the water zone)Natural water drive 天然水驅(qū)天然水驅(qū) (by the heads of edge and bottom water)Paragraph 13In t

47、he case of a water drive reservoir, the oil-filled reservoir rock is hydraulically connected to a large water-filled reservoir. AquiferReservoir oilSand-filled pipe在在水驅(qū)油油藏水驅(qū)油油藏中，中，從水動力學(xué)上說從水動力學(xué)上說，儲層巖石，儲層巖石與巨大的水體相連。與巨大的水體相連。 Paragraph 15If the pressure in the oil tank is reduced by production, the wat

48、er and rock in the aquifer tank will expand, and water will flow though the sand-filled pipe into the oil reservoir tank, helping to maintain the pressure in the oil tank.如果生產(chǎn)導(dǎo)致油罐壓力降低，水罐中的水和巖石會膨如果生產(chǎn)導(dǎo)致油罐壓力降低，水罐中的水和巖石會膨脹，水通過填砂管流向油罐，維持了油罐中的壓力。脹，水通過填砂管流向油罐，維持了油罐中的壓力。 AquiferReservoir oilSand-filled pipe

49、Paragraph 16It is obvious (that the sand-filled pipe between the two tanks has to be sufficiently large to permit the expansion of the water into the oil tank at the same rate at which it is being taken out).顯然，兩個(gè)罐之間的填砂管必須足夠大，顯然，兩個(gè)罐之間的填砂管必須足夠大，以保證膨脹的水以原油采出的速度流向油以保證膨脹的水以原油采出的速度流向油罐。罐。 Effects of rese

50、rvoir drive mechanismsDissolved gas drive low relief high relief Gas-cap expansion drive low angle of dip high angle of dipWater drive low angle of dip high angle of dipDissolved gas drive,low relief (para24)It has been pointed out that in a dissolved-gas reservoir the oil flows from the reservoir t

51、o the well primarily because of expansion of the dissolved gas, once the reservoir pressure is below the bubble point pressure.已經(jīng)指出已經(jīng)指出，一旦油藏壓力低于泡點(diǎn)壓力，溶，一旦油藏壓力低于泡點(diǎn)壓力，溶解氣驅(qū)油藏的原油流向油井主要依靠溶解氣解氣驅(qū)油藏的原油流向油井主要依靠溶解氣的膨脹。的膨脹。 Dissolved gas drive,low relief (para24)The flow capacity of a well(, according to Darcys

52、 law, )is directly proportional to the permeability( k) and pay section(h).根據(jù)根據(jù)達(dá)西定律達(dá)西定律，單井的導(dǎo)流能力與滲透率，單井的導(dǎo)流能力與滲透率k，產(chǎn)產(chǎn)層厚度層厚度h成正比。成正比。 Dissolved gas drive,low relief (para25)Generally, the entire pay section is perforated in each well in order to achieve the maximum flow rates, since individual well ult

53、imate recoveries will be roughly proportional to their flow rate.一般的，每口井的一般的，每口井的生產(chǎn)層段生產(chǎn)層段都被都被射孔射孔以獲得最以獲得最大流速，因?yàn)閱尉拇罅魉?，因?yàn)閱尉淖罱K采收率最終采收率與它們的流速與它們的流速幾乎成正比。幾乎成正比。 Dissolved gas drive,high relief (para27) If permeability is high enough, the free gas will migrate to the top of the structure and form a seco

54、ndary gas cap. migratesecondary gas cap如果滲透率很大，自由氣將會如果滲透率很大，自由氣將會運(yùn)移運(yùn)移到到構(gòu)造頂部形成構(gòu)造頂部形成二次氣頂二次氣頂。gravitational segregationDissolved gas drive,high relief Para 28Wells completed high on the structure will produce with high GORs (as soon as the secondary gas cap forms), and they may go completely to gas as

55、 depletion continues.一旦形成二次氣頂一旦形成二次氣頂，在構(gòu)造高部位完井的，在構(gòu)造高部位完井的油井的生產(chǎn)油井的生產(chǎn)氣油比氣油比就會較高，而且隨著衰就會較高，而且隨著衰竭的進(jìn)行，它們可能會完全產(chǎn)氣。竭的進(jìn)行，它們可能會完全產(chǎn)氣。 Dissolved gas drive,high relief Well spacing is a uneven pattern,and wells are completed in the down dip portion of the reservoir .布井方式是布井方式是非均勻非均勻井網(wǎng)，在油藏的井網(wǎng)，在油藏的低低部位部位完井完井。Para

56、graph 30If the wells are produced at high rates, gas may channel down into the wellbore and bypass oil in the reservoir, resulting in lower recoveries.如果油井高速生產(chǎn)，氣體如果油井高速生產(chǎn)，氣體竄流竄流進(jìn)入井筒，而進(jìn)入井筒，而繞過油藏中的原油，繞過油藏中的原油，（就會）（就會）導(dǎo)致較低的采導(dǎo)致較低的采收率。收率。 Gas-cap expansion drive, low angle of dip. Para 32The problem in t

57、his type of reservoir is the potential for coning down the gas into the wellbore, especially at high rate of production.wellsgasoilwaterwater此類油藏的問題是氣體向井筒的此類油藏的問題是氣體向井筒的錐進(jìn)錐進(jìn)，尤其是高速生產(chǎn)的情況。尤其是高速生產(chǎn)的情況。 Gas-cap expansion drive, high angle of dip. 如圖如圖9.7，油藏采用規(guī)則井網(wǎng)會導(dǎo)致很多，油藏采用規(guī)則井網(wǎng)會導(dǎo)致很多井的位置很靠近井的位置很靠近油氣接觸面油氣接觸面

58、。 Para34In the reservoir depicted in figure 9.7, a regular spacing pattern would result in many wells being located very close to the gas-oil contact(GOC).wellswellsgasoilwaterwaterGas-cap expansion drive, high angle of dip. wellswellsgasoilwaterwaterPara 34In this case, well location should be made

59、 on the flank of the field where the gas column does not overlie the oil column, resulting in irregular, oval-shaped pattern for anticline structure.這種情況下，井的位置應(yīng)該設(shè)計(jì)在油田側(cè)面，此處氣這種情況下，井的位置應(yīng)該設(shè)計(jì)在油田側(cè)面，此處氣帶不在油帶的上面，在背斜構(gòu)造上形成了帶不在油帶的上面，在背斜構(gòu)造上形成了不規(guī)則的橢不規(guī)則的橢圓形圓形井網(wǎng)。井網(wǎng)。 Paragraph 35Generally, wells from this type of r

60、eservoir can be produced at higher rate than those completed in a low-relief reservoir, since the possibility of conning gas down to the perforations in them is not as great.一般的，此類油藏的生產(chǎn)速度可以大于低傾一般的，此類油藏的生產(chǎn)速度可以大于低傾角油藏的生產(chǎn)速度，因?yàn)闅怏w角油藏的生產(chǎn)速度，因?yàn)闅怏w錐進(jìn)錐進(jìn)的可能性的可能性不大。不大。 Water drive, low angle of dip.(bottom-water