【語(yǔ)法】賓語(yǔ)從句與介詞賓語(yǔ)從句

1、1 .定義：用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。2 .構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡(jiǎn)單句3 .引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：（1）從屬連詞that 。如：he told us that he felt ill.他對(duì)我們說(shuō)他感到不舒服。i know he has returned.我知道他已經(jīng)回來(lái)了。注：that在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)也并不是任何情況下都可以省略。在以下情況下，that不能省略。a. everybody could see what happened and that tom was frightened.（and連接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，that賓語(yǔ)從句放在and的后面時(shí)，that不能省略。） 大家都會(huì)看出所發(fā)生的事

2、情并知道tom非常害怕。b. i know nothing about him except that he is from the south.（that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不能省略。）對(duì)他我一無(wú)所知，只知道他是南方人。c. that he ever said such a thing i simply don' t believe.（that從句位于句首時(shí)，that不可省略。）我簡(jiǎn)直不相信他曾說(shuō)過(guò)這樣的話。d. we decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit himfor a

3、 probationary period.（主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與that從句之間有插入語(yǔ)，that不可省略。）鑒于他的特殊情況，我們決定應(yīng)允他一段試用期。(2)從屬連詞 if/whether 如：i doubt whether he will succeed.我懷疑他是否會(huì)成功。i don ' t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否幫助我。(3) 連接代詞 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 連接副詞 where, when, how, why 。如：who or what he

4、was, martin never learned.他是什么人？他是干什么的？馬丁根本不知道。i wonder what he ' s writing to about.我不知道他要給我寫信說(shuō)什么事。i ' ll tell you why i asked you to come.我會(huì)告訴你我為什么要你來(lái)。you may do what you will.你可做任何你想做的事。賓語(yǔ)從句也可用作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如：he was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.他對(duì)那天發(fā)生的事感到很不快。i walked over to w

5、here she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。i am curious as to what he will say.我很想知道他要說(shuō)什么。your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it. 你是否 成功將主要取決于你做什么和怎樣做。有時(shí)介詞可以省略。如：i don ' t care (for) who marries him. 我不管誰(shuí)跟他結(jié)婚。be careful (as to) how you do that.你要注意做這件事的方式。解釋：1 .如果賓語(yǔ)從句后還有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則用 it作形式賓語(yǔ)

6、，而將賓語(yǔ)從句后置。 如：we thought it strange that xiao wang did not come yesterday.我們認(rèn)為小王昨天沒(méi)來(lái)是奇怪的。he has made it clear that he will not give in.他已表明他不會(huì)屈月艮。2 .作介詞的賓語(yǔ)：連詞that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句很少作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，只用在 except, but, in后。其他一些介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句如果由連詞that引導(dǎo)，則需用it先行一步，作形式賓語(yǔ)。如：he is a good student except that he is careless.他是個(gè)好學(xué)生， 只是有點(diǎn)

7、粗心。you may rely on it that i shall help you.你可以指望我會(huì)幫助你的。介詞賓語(yǔ)不可以用 which來(lái)引導(dǎo)，而要用 what來(lái)引導(dǎo)。如：are you sorry for what you ' ve done?為你所做的一切感到內(nèi)疚嗎？3 .某些形容詞或過(guò)去分詞后常接賓語(yǔ)從句，這類形容詞或過(guò)去分詞有sure, glad,certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied 等, 連詞 that 可省略。如：i am not sure what i ought to do.我不能確定我該做什么。

8、i ' m afraid you don ' t understand what i s瞅白你沒(méi)領(lǐng)會(huì)我說(shuō)的意思。i' m surprised that i didnhat seeoael. t 我好奇怪，我以前沒(méi)看到過(guò)。mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.媽媽為她的女兒通過(guò)了考試而感到高興。4 .連詞whether (- or not) if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句if和whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可以互換使用，但 whether常和or not連用，if 一般不與or not連用。如：i wonde

9、r whether it is true or not.我不知它是真是彳取。用if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句如果會(huì)引起歧義，應(yīng)避免使用if而用wheter試比較：please let me know if you want to go.please let me know whether you want to go.if從句可理解為賓語(yǔ)從句，意為請(qǐng)告訴我你是否想去”；此句又可理解為條件狀語(yǔ)從句意為 如果你想去的話，請(qǐng)告訴我一聲”。5 .賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。 在think, believe, suppose, expect 等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從 句，有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)盡管是否定意思，卻不用否定形式，而將 think等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ?式。如：i don ' t think you are right.我認(rèn)為你錯(cuò)了。i don ' t believe they have finished their work yet.我相信他們還未完成他們的工作。i don ' t suppose he cares, does he?我想他不在意，是