初中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)大全

1、語法 grammar名詞名詞 n. （一）概述 名詞是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名稱的詞，可以說名詞是萬物之名稱。它們可以是： 人的名字 li ming, tom 地方名稱 china, london 職業(yè)稱呼 teacher, doctor 物品名稱 pencil, dictionary 行為名稱 study, invention 抽象概念 history, grammar （二）名詞的分類（二）名詞的分類專有名詞 &普通名詞可數(shù)名詞 &不可數(shù)名詞1專有名詞專有名詞 主要指人名、地名及某些類人和事物專有的名稱。主要指人名、地名及某些類人和事物專有的名稱。如：如：mary，b

2、eijing，americans, english，may, saturday, easter gone with the wind 2普通名詞普通名詞 除專有名詞外，其它都屬于普通名詞。如： boy，classroom，book, bag, aunt, family, juice, milk, age, childhood分類：分類：專有名詞（專有名詞（） or 普通名詞（普通名詞（）？saturday, tea, zhanghua, rain, west lake，enemy, computer, beauty, mrs. green weather, peace, ice-cream,

3、russians, journey to the west 1.可數(shù)名詞（ countable noun）可以分清個體，以數(shù)目來計(jì)算的，有復(fù)數(shù)形式。可以分清個體，以數(shù)目來計(jì)算的，有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：如：book, girl, ruler, room, apple, box, bus, watch, day, zoo2.不可數(shù)名詞（ uncountable noun）不可以分清個體，不能以數(shù)目來計(jì)算，只有單數(shù)形式。不可以分清個體，不能以數(shù)目來計(jì)算，只有單數(shù)形式。如如: water, milk, coffee, tea, rice, bread, work,study, love 分類：分類：可數(shù)名詞

4、（可數(shù)名詞（） or 不可數(shù)名詞（不可數(shù)名詞（）？boy, knife, peace, potato, wind, tomato, hero, music, pleasure, map, radio, technology, desk, egg當(dāng)然，也有特殊的哦！當(dāng)然，也有特殊的哦！1.既可以當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞又可以當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞：既可以當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞又可以當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞： 可數(shù)可數(shù) 不可數(shù)不可數(shù)glass papertime orangeadvice tiniron 玻璃杯，眼鏡玻璃杯，眼鏡玻璃玻璃報紙，試卷報紙，試卷紙張紙張次數(shù)，時代次數(shù)，時代時間時間橙，橘子橙，橘子橙汁，橙色橙汁，橙色勸告勸告; 建議建

5、議 通知，公函，消息通知，公函，消息錫錫 罐頭罐頭鐵鐵 熨斗熨斗 在中文是可數(shù)，英文卻不可數(shù)：在中文是可數(shù)，英文卻不可數(shù)：如：如： money ，cloth ，bread ， hair ，meat， furniture， rice ，news 因此，平時因此，平時要多積累要多積累哦！哦！可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 1.規(guī)則變化：規(guī)則變化：一般情況一般情況 在詞尾加在詞尾加-s：deskdesks ；daydays； girlgirls 以以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的詞結(jié)尾的詞 在詞尾加在詞尾加-es： bus buses； boxboxes； watchwatches以輔音字母加

6、以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞結(jié)尾的詞 變變y為為i再加再加-es： familyfamilies factoryfactories partyparties 以以f或或fe 結(jié)尾的詞結(jié)尾的詞 變變f或或fe為為v再加再加-es: knifeknives; lifelives; wifewives; halfhalves important !lets practice!i. 寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式： 1. house _ 2. village _ 3. map _ 4. orange _ 5. bag _ 7. dish _ 8. family _ 9. boy _ 10. monkey _ 11.

7、 box _ 12. knife _ 13. class _ 14. factory _ 15. leaf_ 16. dictionary _ 17. watch _housesvillagesmapsorangesbagsdishesfamiliesboysmonkeysboxesknivesclassesfactoriesleavesdictionarieswatches2.不規(guī)則變化：不規(guī)則變化：1）以）以o結(jié)尾加結(jié)尾加-es： potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes heroheroes negro negroes2)字母字母a變變e: manmen, womanw

8、omen, frenchmanfrenchmen, policeman-policemen3)字母字母oo變變ee:toothteeth, footfeet, goosegeese但：但：german germans human humans4)單復(fù)數(shù)同形：單復(fù)數(shù)同形：sheepsheep, deerdeer, fishfishchinese-chinese, japanese japanesecattle cattle5)其他：其他：childchildren, mousemice,medium media, basis bases不同國籍的人不同國籍的人的復(fù)數(shù)形式：的復(fù)數(shù)形式：1）加-s:

9、australian australians russian russiansitalian italians greek greeksamerican americans indian indianscanadian canadians german germans2)變變a為為e：englishman englishmenfrenchman frenchmen3）單復(fù)數(shù)同形：）單復(fù)數(shù)同形：chinese chinese japanese japaneseswiss swiss exercises!1. match _ 2. man _ 3. german _ 4. tomato _5. p

10、oliceman _ 6. kilo _ 7. human _ 8. potato _ 9. chinese _ 10. shelf _11. japanese _ 12. american_13. life _ 14. tooth _15. wife _ 16. foot _ 17. knife _ 18. sheep _19. half _ 20.key_matchesmengermanstomatoespolicemenkiloshumanspotatoeschineseshelvesjapaneseamericanslivesteethwivesfeetknivessheephalve

11、skeys3.3.合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式： 有有，主體變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)主體變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù) father-in-law fatherfather-in-law fathers s-in-law (-in-law (岳父，公公）岳父，公公）無無，結(jié)尾加，結(jié)尾加“ s s ” grown-up grown-up grown-up grown-ups s （成年人）（成年人） go-between go-betweengo-between go-betweens s （媒介者媒介者; ;中間人）中間人） 如果其中有如果其中有manman或者或者womanwoman，則兩個都要變復(fù)數(shù)，則兩個都要變復(fù)數(shù)

12、 woman doctor womwoman doctor wome en doctorn doctors s man doctor m man doctor me en doctorn doctors scan you try?把下列名詞變復(fù)數(shù)形式：looker-on woman singer sister-in-law man cookpasser-by housewifebride-to-be woman doctorschoolroomlookers-onwomen singerssisters-in-lawmen cookspassers-byhousewivesbrides-to-

13、bewomen doctorsschoolrooms名詞 n.period 21、orange_ 2、class_ 3、text _ 4、monkey_ 5、piano_ 6、child_ 7、shelf _ 8、bed_ 9、country_ 10、family_ 11、toy _ 12、foot _ 13、japanese_14、radio_ 15、photo_ 16. army_ 17.cattle_ 18.australian_brainstorm!orangesclassestextsmonkeyspianoschildrenshelvesbedscountriesfamiliest

14、oysfeetjapaneseradiosphotosarmiescattleaustralianslets learn more!不可數(shù)名詞的量的表達(dá)：不可數(shù)名詞的量的表達(dá)：可以加上一個表示數(shù)量的修飾詞來表示它的數(shù)量可以加上一個表示數(shù)量的修飾詞來表示它的數(shù)量,如如:a piece of, a cup of, a bag of, a glass of, a kilo of一張紙一張紙 a piece of paper三張紙三張紙 three pieces of paper 一包大米一包大米 a bag of rice十包大米十包大米 ten bags of rice*可數(shù)名詞也可以這樣表達(dá)量可

15、數(shù)名詞也可以這樣表達(dá)量,但要用復(fù)數(shù)形式：但要用復(fù)數(shù)形式：a box of books five bags of applesten kilos of oranges也就是短語里面可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞要變復(fù)數(shù)的都變復(fù)數(shù)哦！常用量詞總結(jié)常用量詞總結(jié)a glass of 一玻璃杯 a cup of 一杯a bottle of 一瓶 a bag of 一包，一袋a box of 一盒；一箱 a piece of 一張(一片,塊)a kilo of 一公斤；一千克a basket of 一籃 a pair of 一對，一雙，一副a group of 一群，一隊(duì)，一組lets try!1、三杯水 2、五杯茶

16、3、一公斤米4、二十箱書5、三籃子蔬菜 6、八雙鞋子7、十杯牛奶 8、五塊肉 9、一副眼鏡 three glasses of waterfive cups of teaa kilo of ricetwenty boxes of booksthree baskets of vegetableseight pairs of shoesten glasses of milkfive pieces of meata pair of glasses名詞所有格：1) 一般情況加一般情況加 -s：childrens books 兒童圖書兒童圖書 todays paper 今天的報紙今天的報紙(2) 帶詞尾帶

17、詞尾-s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只加的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只加 ()：girls school 女子學(xué)校女子學(xué)校 the smiths car 史密斯家的小汽車史密斯家的小汽車（3）注意以下情況：）注意以下情況：toms and jims rooms 湯姆和吉姆湯姆和吉姆(各自各自)的房間的房間tom and jims room 湯姆和吉姆湯姆和吉姆(共同共同)的房間的房間一一.用名詞所有格填空：用名詞所有格填空：1.they are going to their _ home.(grandparents)2.the _ shoes are behind the door.( boy)3.this shop sells

18、 _ clothes only. ( men)4.those are my _ cars. ( friends)5.we are cleaning the _ stables. (horses)exercisesgrandparentsboysmensfriendshorses6. do you know where this _ handbag is ? ( lady)7. many of my _ houses were robbed. ( neighbours)8.the _ uniforms are red. ( player)9.these are the _ toys. ( chi

19、ldren)ladysneighboursplayerschildrens1. _ room is next to their parents. a. kates and joans b. kates and joan c. kate and joans d. kate and joan2.june 1 is _. a. childrens day b. childrens day c. childrens day d. childrens day 3. - whose room is this? - its _. a. li ming b. li mings c. li mings d. l

20、i mings 4.the woman over there is _ mother.a. julia and shelleys b. julias and shelleysc. julia and shelley d. julias and shelley 二二.選擇填空選擇填空：+ english is spoken by many people in the world. 主語主語+ this is a pencil-box. 表語表語+ i like english, but i like chinese better. 賓語賓語+ our english teacher is dri

21、nking water. 定語定語+ mr. black, our teacher, is from england. 同位語同位語+ i am going to see a film this evening. 狀語狀語+ miss wang is considered a good teacher. 補(bǔ)語補(bǔ)語主語，表語，賓語，定語，同位語，狀語，補(bǔ)語主語，表語，賓語，定語，同位語，狀語，補(bǔ)語exercises p331.主語2.表語3.狀語4.同位語5.賓語review：一一.變復(fù)數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)： 1. chinese _ 2. shelf _ 3. russian _ 4. american_

22、 5. life _ 6. tooth _7. deer _ 8. piano_9.mouse_ 10.goose_11.hero_ 12.swiss_chineseshelvesrussiansamericanslivesteethdeerpianosmicegeeseheroesswiss一玻璃杯一茶杯一瓶一包，一袋一盒；一箱一張(一片,塊)一公斤；一千克一籃子一對，一雙，一副一群，一隊(duì)，一組a glass of二、常用量詞總結(jié)二、常用量詞總結(jié)a cup ofa bottle ofa bag ofa box ofa piece ofa kilo ofa basket ofa pair of

23、a group of1. today is september 10th. its _ day. a. teacher b. teachers c. teachers d. teacher 2. this is _ ball. its not _ . a. the boys, girls b. the boys, the girls c. the boy, the girl d. boys, girls 3. this year, _ is on may 9th. a. my mothers brithday b. my mothers brithday c. my mothers brith

24、day d. my motherss brithday4. these are _ books. li lin bought some at the sun bookstore and jill bought some at the blue sky bookstore. a. li lins and jill b. li lin and jills c. li lins and jill d. li lins and jills 三、名詞所有格三、名詞所有格動詞動詞 v.語法語法 grammar一、概述 動詞是表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞。如： help，see，go，come, run, fly,l

25、ook, seem, get, become,can,may動詞的基本形式1.動詞原形2.第三人稱單數(shù)3.現(xiàn)在分詞4.過去式和過去分詞important！第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù):1在動詞原形后加-s runruns 2以ch, sh, s, o, x結(jié)尾的動詞后加-es teachteacheswashwashesgogoes passpasses 3以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，先將y變?yōu)閕，再加-es trytries fly flies過去式與過去分詞（規(guī)則變化）過去式與過去分詞（規(guī)則變化） 1.在動詞原形后加-ed; 詞尾有e的加-d. work-workedlike-liked2.以輔

26、音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，先將y變?yōu)閕再加-ed carry-carriedstudy-studied3以重讀閉音節(jié)一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的動詞，先雙寫再加-ed stop-stoppedrob-robbedexercises按要求寫出動詞的形式:1.wash2.match3.stop4.make5.read6.play7.watch8.guess第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去式過去式過去分詞過去分詞原形原形washeswashing washedwashedmatchesmatching matched matchedstopsstoppingstoppedstoppedmakesmak

27、ingmademadereadsreadingreadreadplaysplayingplayedplayedwatches watching watched watchedguessesguessing guessedguessed 9.study10.finish11.go12.snow13.carry14.teach15.do16.say原形原形第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去式過去式過去分詞過去分詞studiesstudied studiedstudyingfinishes finishing finished finishedgoesgoingwentgonesnows

28、snowing snowed snowedcarries carrying carriedcarriedteaches teachingtaughttaughtdoesdoingdiddonesayssayingsaidsaid動詞period 2&3lets review what we learned yesterday! e原形原形第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去式過去式過去分詞過去分詞 destroysdestroyeddestroyingcatchescatchingcaughtcaughtdancesdancingdanceddancedworrysworryi

29、ngworriedworriedgetsgettinggotgotwashes washing washedwashedsingssingingsangsungcomescoming camecomedestroyed動詞的時態(tài)動詞的時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般過去時一般將來時一般將來時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時過去將來時過去完成時1、一般現(xiàn)在時的標(biāo)志詞： every時間狀語（如時間狀語（如every day）,on sundays, at the weekend, often, always, sometimes, usually，沒標(biāo)志沒標(biāo)志等。如：she

30、 does her homework every day. my father usually goes to work by bus.2、一般過去時的標(biāo)志詞： yesterday; “in + 過去年、月份過去年、月份”，last短語短語；ago短語；短語；just now, once(從前從前)。如：i went to see a film yesterday. she worked in that factory last year.用適當(dāng)?shù)膭釉~形式填空：用適當(dāng)?shù)膭釉~形式填空：exercises 1. there _ a telephone call for you just now.

31、(be)2. people usually _ (eat) dinner in the evening . 3. his sister always_(go) to school at 7:00 a.m . 4.tom and mary _ (come) to china last month. 5.jenny and danny sometimes_(play) games in the afternoon . 6.mike _(not go) to bed until 12 oclock last night.waseatgoescameplaydidnt go7.my mother _

32、(not do) housework yesterday.8. she _(not visit) her aunt two days ago. 9. there _ (be) no one here a moment ago. 10. lin tao _ (like) his new sweater .11. there _( be not) any hospitals in my hometown (家鄉(xiāng)家鄉(xiāng)) in 1940.12. where _you_(have)lunch every day? didnt dodidnt visitwaslikeswerent dohave3、 一般

33、將來時的標(biāo)志詞：tomorrow(morning); next 時間狀語；時間狀語；soon; “in+一段時間一段時間”；“in + 未來年、月份未來年、月份”；before longmary will go shopping tomorrow.jane is going to travel abroad in two days.4、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的標(biāo)志詞：now; these days; look(at); listen(to)等等look! the cat is chasing the mouse.my sister is doing her homework now.exercises

34、!1.he _(come)back in a week.2.she_(be)a conductor of a train soon.3.listen! she_(sing )in the classroom.4. li ming _(be)ten years old next year.5.look!the boy over there_(play) a model plane.6.china _(become)a modern and strong country before long.will comewill beis singingwill beis playingwill beco

35、me7.we often_(buy)books and things like that in the shop. 8.i _（leave）in a minute. i _（finish）all my work before i _ （leave）.9.-what are you doing? -i_(do) my homework.10. the day after tomorrow they _(watch) a volleyball match.11.they _(hold) a birthday party this sunday.12._you _(work) hard from n

36、ow on?buywill leavewill finishleaveam doingwill watchwill holdwill work5、現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志詞：already; yet; just; ever; never; “for +一段時間一段時間”，“since短語或從句短語或從句”等i have already spent all of my money. we have seen that film before. exercises !1. i already (see) the film. i_ (see) it last week.2. he (finish) his

37、work today? not yet. 3. you (be) to hong kong? yes, i _ (be) there twice.4.my father just (come) back from work. he is tired now.5. wheres li ming? he (go) to the teachers office.haveseenhasfinishedhavebeenhave beenhascomehas gonesaw6. i (work) here since i (move) here in 1999.7. so far i (make) qui

38、te a few friends here.8. how long the wangs (stay) here ? for two weeks.have workedmovedhave madehavestayedremember?what have we learned?lets review again!1、一般現(xiàn)在時的標(biāo)志詞： every時間狀語（如時間狀語（如every day）,on sunday, at the weekend, often, always, sometimes, usually，沒標(biāo)志沒標(biāo)志等。如：she does her homework every day.

39、my father usually goes to work by bus.2、一般過去時的標(biāo)志詞： yesterday; “in + 過去年、月份過去年、月份”，last短語短語；ago短語；短語；just now, once(從前從前)。如：i went to see a film yesterday. she worked in that factory last year.3、 一般將來時的標(biāo)志詞：tomorrow(morning); next 時間狀語；時間狀語；soon; “in+一段時間一段時間”；“in + 未來年、月份未來年、月份”；before longmary will

40、go shopping tomorrow.jane is going to travel abroad in two days.4、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的標(biāo)志詞：now; these days; look(at); listen(to)等等look! the cat is chasing the mouse.my sister is doing her homework now.5、現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志詞：already; yet; just; ever; never; “for +一段時間一段時間”，“since短語或從句短語或從句”等i have already spent all of my mon

41、ey. we have seen that film before. come on! try again!exercises 用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1. tom _ (not listen) to the radio every morning. 2. i _ (come) to see you again before long. 3. _ your uncle _ (have) a meeting last friday? 4. how many classes _ you _ (have) every day? 5. its seven in the evening, toms family _ (watch) tv. 6. listen! who _（sing）in the next room? doesnt listenwill comedidhavedohaveare watchingis singing7.