最新怎樣寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)文章的簡(jiǎn)短概括 (summary)

1、 Introduction of a summary Procedures of summary writing Writing skills What is a Summary?What is a Summary? A summary is a shortened version, in your own words, of something you have read .It reproduces the theme of the original with as few words as possible. 一個(gè)總結(jié)是用你自己的話(huà)概括壓縮你讀的東西。是對(duì)一篇文章的主題思想的簡(jiǎn)單陳述。A

2、 summary does not include your own opinions about what you read.All one has to do is to give a brief account of the authors exact meaning. n一個(gè)總結(jié)不包括你自己對(duì)你所讀的東西的看法。n它用最簡(jiǎn)潔的語(yǔ)言概括了原文的主題。Features of a summarynBrevity nObjectivity nCompleteness Procedures of summary writing 1.Reading2.Writing3.Revision 認(rèn)真閱讀給

3、定的原文材料，一遍不能理解就多讀兩遍，使理解更深刻； 找出每一個(gè)主要段落的主題句。主題句往往出現(xiàn)在文章的開(kāi)頭或結(jié)尾； 遵循原文的邏輯順序，簡(jiǎn)要地記下主要觀點(diǎn)主題、標(biāo)題、例證等你認(rèn)為對(duì)概括縮寫(xiě)重要的東西； 盡可能用自己的話(huà)來(lái)寫(xiě),但不排斥用原文的某些詞句； 摘要必須全面、清晰地表明原文所載的信息,以便你的讀者不需翻閱原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意； 草稿擬好以后,對(duì)它進(jìn)行修改。首先, 看摘要中的重要觀點(diǎn)有沒(méi)有遺漏，是否與原文中的完全一致.其次,如果摘要中出現(xiàn)了不必要的細(xì)節(jié), 刪除它們，看是否符合規(guī)定的詞數(shù)要求。第三,檢查拼寫(xiě)、語(yǔ)法和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的錯(cuò)誤，最后,保持語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)單明了。 Example Examp

4、le ： As far back as I can remember, the large pickle jar sat on the floor beside the dresser in my parents bedroom. W h e n D a d g o t r e a d y f o r b e d , h e w o u l d 1 ) _ and toss his coins into the jar. When the jar was full, the coins were 2) _ in a small cardboard box and taken to the ba

5、nk. The money were for 3) _. The years passed, and I finished college and took a job in another town. empty his pocketsstacked neatlymy college fundOnce, while visiting my parents, I found the pickle jar was gone. 4) _ in my throat, because the pickle jar had taught me the values of 5) _. The first

6、Christmas after my daughter Jessica was born, I returned with my family. 6) _, on the floor beside the dresser stood the old pickle jar again. I r e a l i z e d m y f a t h e r w a s s a v i n g f o r 7 ) _. The jar shows 8) _ of family values for a new generation. determination, perseverance and fa

7、ithA lump rose To my amazementmy daughters educationa continuityWriting skillsWriting skills縮寫(xiě)時(shí)可以采用下列幾種小采用下列幾種小技巧技巧： 1.刪除細(xì)節(jié)，只保留主要觀點(diǎn)。2.選擇一至兩個(gè)例子。原文中可能包括5個(gè)或更多的例子，你只需從中篩選一至二個(gè)例子。3.把長(zhǎng)段的描述變成短小、簡(jiǎn)單的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十個(gè)句子，那么你只要把它們變成一兩句即可。 Writing skillsWriting skills4.壓縮長(zhǎng)的句子。例如： “His courage in battle might wi

8、thout exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括為：”He was brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括為：“He has Money problems.” Writing skillsWriting skills5.你可以使用詞組代替整句或者從句。請(qǐng)看下面的例子： “Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were

9、 visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 可以概括為：Mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by a few people,

10、 but today by many, due to better wages, paid holidays, and better services.” Writing skillsWriting skills6.使用概括性的名詞代替具體的詞，比如： “She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation.” 可以概

11、括為：”She brought home a lot of books to read in vacation.” Writing skillsWriting skills“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation.” 可以概括為：”She brought home a lot of books to re

12、ad in vacation.” Writing skillsWriting skills7.使用最短的連接詞。 比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, on the other hand等較長(zhǎng)的連接詞。8.文章中的第一人稱(chēng)說(shuō)的話(huà)通常在縮寫(xiě)中轉(zhuǎn)換成第三人稱(chēng)，從而把大段的對(duì)白簡(jiǎn)化，比如： A Diary of a Fresher The writer describes the first few days of university life in the diary with

13、a casual, informal style full of humor and exaggeration. As a fresher, the writer has many problems: feeling lonely and lost, not having a good appetite for the food in the dining hall, feeling not as intelligent and knowledgeable as others; not knowing how to take notes and how to wash clothes. Besides, her dormitory looks very small. The tutor seems unfriendly and uncaring. The library rules are too strict. Example Example ： The writer tries to solve the problems: joining many clubs and societies to make more friends, talking to Mum on the p