中考英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

1、動(dòng)詞（一）動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一、 基本概念 在初中英語(yǔ)中，共有八個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)需要掌握。它們是:1. the Simple Present (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))2. the Simple Past（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）3. the Simple Future（一般將來(lái)時(shí)）4. the Present Continuous Tense（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）5. the Past Continuous Tense（過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)）6. the Present Perfect Tense（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）7. the Past Perfect Tense（過(guò)去完成時(shí)）8. the Past Future Tense（過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)）二、 實(shí)例與用法

2、介紹1the Simple Present (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示目前的狀態(tài)以及經(jīng)常習(xí)慣發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：1） The earth turns round the sun.(宇宙不變的真理)2） I get up at six every morning.（經(jīng)常習(xí)慣發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）3） We are Junior Three students.（表示目前的狀態(tài)）2 . the Simple Past（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）一般過(guò)去時(shí)可以表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，在句子中往往有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：1) None of the football games had been more exci

3、ting than the one he watched yesterday.(句子中有yesterday這個(gè)明確表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))2) last night I gave a lecture in the meeting hall.（last night表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間，所以我們也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）一般過(guò)去時(shí)有時(shí)還可以表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作。例如：1） When he was in the country, he liked to take a walk after supper.（句中l(wèi)iked表示他過(guò)去在農(nóng)村市常常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）2） I used to go to work by bus.（use

4、d to 表示“過(guò)去常?！保?the Simple Future（一般將來(lái)時(shí)）一般將來(lái)時(shí)即表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來(lái)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：1） We are going to enter senior high school in the near future.（in the near future是一個(gè)表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）2） There will be more and more foreigners in China.（本句表示將來(lái)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，意為：在中國(guó)會(huì)有越來(lái)越多的外國(guó)人）4the Present Con

5、tinuous Tense（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示目前正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，句子中往往有now,at present,these days等做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：1) We are learning eight tenses now.（我們用一般現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示目前正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作）2) Listen! They are singing in the classroom.（句子中l(wèi)isten表示“聽”，說(shuō)明句中的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行之中，因此我們用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行市）5the Past Continuous Tense（過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段中正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：1) We were ha

6、ving supper at six yesterday evening.（過(guò)去某一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)at six yesterday evening正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）2) They were playing video games from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. yesterday afternoon.（過(guò)去某一個(gè)時(shí)間段from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. yesterday afternoon正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）3) We were having an English lesson when Tom came in.（當(dāng)過(guò)去某一個(gè)動(dòng)作were having正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作came發(fā)

7、生了）6the Present Perfect Tense（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響與結(jié)果，或表示過(guò)去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如：1)We have learned about eight tenses so far.（so far表示“至今為止”，常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))2)We have studied English for six years.（這里的for+時(shí)間段表示從過(guò)去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）3)I have never met him since last month.（這里的since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響與

8、結(jié)果，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）7the Past Perfect Tense（過(guò)去完成時(shí)）過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或者完成的動(dòng)作，而且它常常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。例如：1) By the end of last month, they had learned 2000 English words.（by the end of last month表示“到上一個(gè)周末為止，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)）2) After the boy had finished the homework, he watched TV.（finish這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作watched 之前，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)）8t

9、he Past Future Tense（過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)）過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示對(duì)于過(guò)去某一個(gè)時(shí)間而言將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，它常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。例如：1)He said we would win the game the next week.（這句句子里用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是因?yàn)閟aid和the next week的關(guān)系）練習(xí)：.Fill in the blanks with the verbs in their proper forms:1. I _(finish) my homework while you _(sleep) this afternoon.2. She said she _(no do)

10、 it again.3. I _ (meet) him last week but I _(not see) him since then.4. John always _(say) that he still _(not know) how to use the Present Perfect Tense.5. If Peter _(come) tomorrow, I _(tell) him about it.6. Her elder brother_(join) the army two years ago.7. They _(learn) several French songs by

11、the end of last term.8. Look! We_(catch) such a big fish.9. The teacher said the earth_(turn) around the sun.10. When you _(have) a meeting, I _ (buy) some cakes in the next shop.11. She _never_(be) to the Great Wall before.12. We _(talk) about the development of the Internet on the lecture next Mon

12、day.13. They _(learn) the history of China these days.14. They_(make) model ships from 3:00 to 5:00 yesterday.15. You _(fail) in the exam if you _(not work) hard.Choose the best answers:( ) 1. If it_ tomorrow, we_ on a trip to Hangzhou. A. rainswont goB. rains.go C. will raingoD. will rainwont go( )

13、 2. We _the important meeting on a cold morning last week. A. was hadB. was heldC. heldD. have( ) 3.It_ dark. Lets go home now. A. gettingB. is gettingC. getD. is sounding( ) 4. Jenny_ over the text at 8:00 yesterday evening. A. readB. readsC. was readingD. is reading( ) 5. He told me that he _to se

14、e me next week. A. is comingB. will comeC. cameD. would come( ) 6. Please pass me another cup. Tom _this one. A. brokeB. is breakingC. had brokenD. has broken( ) 7. Do you know when Mrs Green _? When she _, please tell her _ about this letter. A. is coming.will cometypeB. comes.is comingto type C. w

15、ill esto typeD. comes.will come.type( ) 8. The old man _for three days when his son got back. A. has been deadB. had been dead C. diedD. had died( ) 9. While Uncle Li _ the clock for us, we were playing cards. A. repaired B. repairsC. was repairingD. is repairing( ) 10. Great changes_ in Chi

16、na in the past ten years. A. have taken placeB. will take place C. have been taken placeD. took place( ) 11. There_ a football match this afternoon. A. hasB. will haveC. isD. is going to be( ) 12. When I saw her smiling face, I knew she _ the good news. A. hadB. has hadC. had hadD. was having( ) 13.

17、 Jane _ a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai. A. buysB. is buyingC. will buyD. bought( ) 14. How do you like Beijin, Mr Black?-Oh, I _ such a beautiful city. A. dont visitB. didnt visitC. havent visitedD. hadnt visited( ) 15. The MP3 _ 500 yuan. A. was costB. costingC. costD. is costKey:

18、.1.finished,were sleeping 2. wouldnt do3. met, havent seen4. says, doesnt know5. comes, will tell 6. joined7. had learned 8. have caught 9.turns 10. were having,bought 11.has been 12. will talk13. are learning14. were making 15. will fail, dont work.1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. A

19、 11. D 12. C 13. D 14. C 15. C 動(dòng)詞（二）動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法1當(dāng)我們不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：I was told you were late this morning.Many science books are written in English.Newspapers are delivered at 8:00 every morning.Recorders are often used in our Engli

20、sh class.2. 當(dāng)動(dòng)作的承受者是我們說(shuō)話的中心時(shí)，或描繪一個(gè)過(guò)程或一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，我們常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：The design of the hotel was made by a young man.The milk will be put into the coffee in a few minutes.二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式 be +過(guò)去分詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/is/are +過(guò)去分詞一般過(guò)去時(shí) was/were +過(guò)去分詞一般將來(lái)時(shí) will be +過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) has/have+been +過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is/are+being +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) w

21、as/were+being +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去完成時(shí) had+been +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) would+be +過(guò)去分詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be +過(guò)去分詞三、如何將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)例句：We run that new restaurant.The new restaurant is run by us. 1 2 31. 變賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)。2將謂語(yǔ)部分的主動(dòng)形式改為被動(dòng)形式。要注意：第一，時(shí)態(tài)一樣；第二，謂語(yǔ)的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)必須和主語(yǔ)一致。3By+原來(lái)的主語(yǔ)，但如果原來(lái)的主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，則要用其賓格，因?yàn)閎y是介詞，后須用賓格。4注意，有些動(dòng)詞后接的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不接to,如：make, s

22、ee, watch等，當(dāng)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)該加上to.例如：I heard him sing two American songs.改為：He was heard to sing two American songs.練習(xí)：.Choose the best answer:( ) 1. One or two man-made satellites _ in our country every year. A. have been sent up B. will be sent up C. is sent up D. are sent up( ) 2. Our TV set _ yesterday

23、. A. is repaired B. was repaired C. had been repaired D. would be repaired( ) 3. A new building _ in our school next year. A. will be built B. is built C. is being built D. has been built( ) 4.How _ the Great Pyramid (金字塔)_ many years ago without modern machines. A. isbuilt B. wouldbe built C. haveb

24、een built D. wasbuilt( ) 5. Mr Li , you _ on the phone. A. are wanted B. were wanted C. are being wanted D. will be wanted( ) 6.This maths problem _ out by little Tom. A. can be easily work B. can easily be worked C. can is easily worked D. can easily worked( ) 7.Food and clothes _ by women. A is of

25、ten talk about B. are often talked C. are often talked about D. often talked about( ) 8.The baby _ when Mother was out.A. well looked after B. was looked well C. is well looked after D. was well looked after( ) 9.In the past ten year, a lot of new buildings _ in our city. A. are put up B. have put u

26、p C. have been put D. have been put up( ) 10.Joan said the wallet _ in no time. A. will be handed in B. would be handed in C. had been handed in D. would be handed( ) 11. Some people _ streets without pay in the old days. A. were made to cleanB. made to clean C. made cleanD. were made clean( ) 12. I

27、 _ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not. A. gaveB. was givingC. had givenD. was given. Fill in the blanks with the verbs in their proper forms:1. English _ in Canada. (speak)2. This kind of car _ in Japan. (make)3. Our room must _ clean. (keep)4. -I'd like to buy that coat. -I'm

28、 sorry. It _. (sell) 5. A new house _ at the corner of the road.(built)6. The key _ on the table when I leave. (leave)7. Doctors _ in every part of the world.(need)8. His new book_ next month.(publish)9. These papers _yet.( not write)10. Why _a meeting_ to talk about it yesterday?(hold).Rewrite the

29、sentences as required:1. They built a bridge between the two islands last year.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))A bridge _ _ between the two islands last year.2. A birthday party will be given tomorrow.(改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) We _ _ a birthday party tomorrow.3. We can finish the work in two days. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))The work_ _ _ in two days.4. John

30、was seen to cross the street just now by someone. (改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Someone _ John _ the street just now.5. People use metal for making machines. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Metal _ _ for making machines.6. My brother often repairs his watch. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))His watch _ _ _ by my brother.7. Well put on an English play in our school. (改為

31、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))An English play _ _ _ on in our school.8. Did he break the window yesterday? (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))_ the window_ _ _ yesterday?9. We cant wash the coat in water. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))The coat_ _ _in water.10. I wont throw it away again. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))It _ _ _ away again.11. More and more farmers buy colour TV sets. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Col

32、our TV sets _ _ _ more and more farmers.12. The thief has already stolen the purse from the woman on the bus. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))The purse _ already_ _ from the woman on the bus.13. The highrise had been rebuilt by last year. (改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))The workers _ _ the highrise by last year.14. You neednt do it now. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))I

33、t _ _ _ by you now.15. Lucy sent me a New Year card last week. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))A New Year card _ _ _ me by Lucy last weekKey:.D.B.D.A.D.B.D.C.D.D.A.D.1.is spoken 2. is made 3.be kept 4. has been sold 5.is being built 6. will be left 7.are needed 8. will be published 9.havent been written 10. was held. 1. wa

34、s built 2. will give 3. can be finished4. saw.cross 5. is used 6. is often repaired 7. will be put 8. Wasbroken by him 9. cant be washed 10.wont be thrown 11. are bought by 12. hasbeen stolen 13. had rebuilt 14. neednt be done 15. was sent to動(dòng)詞（三）動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式是一種活躍的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。它在句中起的是名詞。形容詞或副詞的作用,可在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)

35、、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式的形式是"to +動(dòng)詞原形",但to有時(shí)要省去。動(dòng)詞不定式在具體運(yùn)用時(shí),用不用to,取決于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法:一.帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)1.我們學(xué)過(guò)的能直接跟帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like ,love, stop, go, come等。2.動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。例如:Jim told me not to wake up Kate.吉姆告訴我別叫醒凱特。二不帶to

36、的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)以下幾種情況使用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式:1.在固定詞組had better之后。注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。例如:You had better go home now.你最好現(xiàn)在回家。It's cold outside. You'd better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。2.在let,make,see, feel, watch,hear等感官或使役動(dòng)詞后,要跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如:I made them give me the money back.我迫使他們把錢還給我。

37、I didn't see you come in.我沒(méi)看見你進(jìn)來(lái)。3.在引導(dǎo)疑問(wèn)句的why not之后。"Why not+不帶to的不定式"是Why don't you do的省略,可以用來(lái)提出建議或勸告。例如:Why not go with us。為什么不和我們一起去呢。Why not take a holiday。=Why don't you take a holiday。為什么不休個(gè)假呢。三動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),采用it作形式主語(yǔ),而把不定式結(jié)構(gòu)后置的形式。例如：It took us twenty minutes to get t

38、here.It is our duty to clean the room every day.四動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ),要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞的后面。例如:I have nothing to say on this question.對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題我無(wú)可奉告。五動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)有的及物動(dòng)詞要求跟復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(即賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))。如果其中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式短語(yǔ),則必須將形式賓語(yǔ)it放在賓語(yǔ)的位置上,而將不定式短語(yǔ)(真正的賓語(yǔ))放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之前。例如:I find it useful to learn English well.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很有用。We thought it wrong no

39、t to tell her.我們認(rèn)為不告訴她是錯(cuò)誤的。六動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式用法的一個(gè)重點(diǎn),學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要注意以下三種情況:1.作動(dòng)詞ask, like, tell等的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to不可以省略。例如:He asked me to talk about English study.他請(qǐng)我談?wù)動(dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)。2.作使役動(dòng)詞let, have, make以及感官動(dòng)詞feel, hear, see, watch等的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to要省略。例如:The teacher made him say the word like this.老師讓他像這樣

40、說(shuō)這個(gè)單詞。3.作動(dòng)詞help的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to可以帶,也可以不帶。例如:Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box。你能幫我搬這個(gè)重箱子嗎。七動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式及其短語(yǔ)具有副詞的特性,可在句中用作狀語(yǔ)。1.放在句首也可以放在句尾表示目的等。例如: He stopped to have a rest.他停下來(lái)休息。2.跟在作表語(yǔ)的形容詞或過(guò)去分詞的后面。例如:I'm sorry to hear that.聽到這事我感到很難過(guò)。3.用在too. to.結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如:He is too young to understand

41、 all that.他太年輕了,不能理解這件事。八. 動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ) 例如：His job is to organize the class meeting.練習(xí):.Choose the best answer:( ) 1. Dont let the boy_ the street by himself. He is too young. A. crossB. to crossC. crossingD. across( ) 2. Sues father told her _ waste food. A. not toB. dont C. to not D. not( ) 3. Youd be

42、tter _ late because youll have a rest. A. sleepB. to sleepC. not to sleepD. not sleep( ) 4.I often hear the sound of children _English in the room. A. read B. to read C. reading D. are reading( ) 5. He asked me _him with his English this evening. A. helpedB. to helpC. helpingD. help( ) 6. Their hous

43、ework is _ the streets. A. cleanB. cleanedC. cleansD. to clean( ) 7. Did he enjoy _in China? A. workedB. worksC.workingD. work( ) 8. Please keep everything _. A. tidyingB. to tidyC. tidyD. tidies( ) 9. I watched TV, so I forgot_my homework. A. doingB. doC. to doD. did( )10.They saw a boy _into the r

44、iver while they were passing it yesterday. A. to fallB. fallC. fellD. falls( ) 11.You had better _the bad food. A. to eatB. eatC. not eatD. not to eat( ) 12.Our teacher didnt stop_until eleven oclock last night. A. to workB. workC. workingD. works( ) 13.It takes us half an hour_English every day. A.

45、 readB. to readC. readingD. reads( ) 14. When is it safe _the road? A. crossingB. crossC. to crossD. crossed( ) 15.Noise makes us _very bad. A. feltB. fellC. feelingD. feel( ) 16.What would you like _for supper？ A. havingB. haveC. hasD. to have( ) 17. Jim came _me with my lessons. A. helpB. to helpC. helpsD. helping( ) 18. Give me some water _. A. drinkingB. drinksC. to drinkD. is drinking( ) 19. He was kind enough _me. A. excusingB. excuseC. excusedD .to excuse( ) 20.Our work today is _ the whole exercises on the 5th page.