專業(yè)英語四級考試詞匯講義

1、專業(yè)英語四級考試詞匯講義詞匯題第一節(jié) 從詞性方面對考題的分析詞匯的考點1.詞性考點（1）動詞詞性辨析 第一 動詞是否及物 第二 及物動詞是加一個賓語還是兩個賓語還是加賓語加賓補 雙賓：及物動詞+ somebody + something 賓語加賓補：及物動詞+名詞/代詞+名詞/do/ doing /to do/形容詞 動詞+ something + done例：63. Which of the following sentences has an object complement? A. The directors appointed John manager. B. I gave Mary

2、 a Christmas present. C. You have done Peter a favour. D. She is teaching children English.在記動詞時，注意記熟詞僻意現(xiàn)象。strike n.罷工 vt. 敲擊，撞擊，點火 vi.（疾病/災難）侵襲 （2）名詞詞性辨析 （3）形容詞詞性辨析 熟悉的詞變形容詞，詞義和原詞意會有很大差別（4）副詞詞性辨析 注意熟詞僻意現(xiàn)象例：72. I must leave now. _,if you want that book Ill bring it next time.A Accidentally B Inciden

3、tallyC Eventually D Naturally 76. The teacher told the students to stay in the classroom and they did _. A. absolutely B. accidentally C. accordingly D. accurately（5）固定搭配例：67. There are still many problem ahead of us, but by his time next year we can see light at the end of the _.A battle B day C ro

4、ad D tunnel55. Mary hopes to be _ from hospital next week.A dismissedB dischargedC expelledD resigned（6）短語辨析 第二節(jié) 從詞型和詞義方面對考題的分析詞匯考點：單詞和短語一 單詞考法1.同義詞，近義詞，含義比較看 read (看書，看報) /watch（看電視）/see（看電影）/look at（看黑板） 聽 listen to（聽音樂）/ hear （聽見某人說話） 說 speak（說陰雨）/say（說再見）/tell（說故事）/talk（大家說）/ utter（說話聲，發(fā)聲）2.形近詞辨

5、析 3.純單詞辨析4.形近意近詞辨析ensure ensure sb. sth. ensure (that) 句子assure assure sb. of assure (that) 句子guarantee guarantee to do guarantee for sth. guarantee (that)句子insure insure against二 短語考法1.短語辨析2.固定搭配3.俚語習語 聽力中聽到什么不選什么（have a ball 過得愉快，玩得高興）；閱讀理解中看到什么不選什么（on ones last leg 死掉了）。例：68. The thieves fled wit

6、h the local police close on their _.A backs B necks C toes D heels76. When invited to talk about his achievements+ he refused to blow his own _ and declined to speak at the meeting.A. trumpet B. whistle C. bugle D. flute第三節(jié) 詞匯詞的解題方法（一、二、三）一 同義詞、近義詞和含義比較題的題解題技巧1. 固定搭配76. According to the new tax law,

7、 any money earned over that level is taxed at the _of 59 percentA ratioB percentage C proportion D rate69. The economic recession has meant that job _ is a rare thing.A security B safety C protection D secureness2.指代關系76. After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was _.A l

8、eaking B trickling C dripping D floating58. I couldnt sleep last night because the tap in the bathroom was _.A drainingB droppingC spillingD dripping 77. Thousands of _at the stadium came to their feet to pay tribute to an outstanding performance.A audienceB participants C spectatorsD observers68. T

9、here were 150 _ at the international conference this summer.A. spectators B. viewers C. participants D. onlookers 56. Once a picture is proved to be a forgery, it becomes quite _.A invaluableB pricelessC unworthyD worthless3.包含關系A>B 一般選包含關系大的；但空格左右特具體時，選包含關系小的。例：63. During the summer holiday seas

10、on it is difficult to find a(n) _ room in the hotels here.A emptyB vacantC freeD deserted60. During the summer holiday season there are no _ rooms in this seaside hotel.A emptyB blankC desertedD vacant62. During the reading lesson, the teacher asked students to read a few _ from the novel.A piecesB

11、essaysC fragmentsD extracts61. The new colleague _to have worked in several big corporations before he joined our company.A confessesB declaresC claimsD confirms65. I think you can take a(n) _ language course to improve your English.A intermediateB middleC mediumD mid63. The tenant left nothing behi

12、nd except some _ of paper, cloth, etc.A sheetsB scrapsC pages D slices74. Do you own your apartment or are you a _?A. tenant B. customer C. client D. proprietor二 形近詞辨析或純單詞辨析題的解題方法1.固定搭配2.看詞意3.看詞性4.看及物跟不及物的區(qū)別例：62. He plays tennis to the _ of all other sports.A eradicationB exclusionC extensionD inclu

13、sion68. The bar in the club is for the _use of its members.A extensiveB exclusiveC inclusive D comprehensive58. There has been a _ lack of communication between the union and the management.A regretfulB regrettable C regretting D regretted63. Although he has become rich, he is still very _ of his mo

14、ney.A economicB thriftyC frugal D careful67. On the road motorists should be aware of cyclists and be _ towards them.A. considerableB. considering C. considerate D. considered80. The couple has donated a not _ amount of money to the foundation.A inconsiderable B inconsiderateC inaccurate D incompara

15、ble第四節(jié) 例題講解（一、二、三）66. During the TV interview, the singer announced that he was going to _ his new album soon.A. release B. renew C. relieve D. rehearsere 相當于again “再一次，又一次”：rewrite/ review/ revise/ resign 相當于banck “回來”：return/reverse/recession/revive70. Tim has failed three courses this semester, s

16、o he will have to _ them next semester.A. remake B. repeat C. reapply D. revise57. Jimmy earns his living by _ works of art in the museum.A recovering B restoringC renewingD reviving78. Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but _ slightly in the afternoon.A regainedB reco

17、vered C restored D revived67. A great amount of work has gone into _ the Cathedral to its previous splendour.A refreshingB restoring C renovating D renewing73. The scientists have made an _ study of the viruses that cause the disease.A. exhausted B. exhausting C. exhaustive D. exhaustion55. The firs

18、t two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of weapons and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of the _.A latterB latestC laterD last67. After working for the firm for ten years, he finally _ the rank of deputy director.A. ac

19、hieved B. approached C. attained D. acquired64. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete "We've seen the film _"? A. before B. recently C. lately D. yet71. The team has been working overtime on the research project _.A. lately B. just now C. late D. long ago79. The prie

20、st made the _ of the cross when he entered the church.A mark B signal C sign D gesture61. Drive straight ahead, and then you will see a _ to the Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway.A sign B mark C signal D board78. Since the early nineties, the trend in most businesses has been toward on-demand, always-avai

21、lable products and services that suit the customers _ rather than the companys.A benefit B availability C suitability D convenience78. Bus services between Town Centre and Newton Housing Estate will be _ until the motorway is repaired.A. discontinued B. suspended C. halted D. ceased69. Come on, Jack

22、, tell me the story. Dont keep me in _.A. suspense B. suspending C. suspension D. suspender第五節(jié) 短語短語辨析題的做題方法：通過動詞和介副詞本身意思來猜例：through 通過，穿過，度過，透過read through 瀏覽go through 經(jīng)歷look through 透過來看The doctor had almost lost hope at one point, but the patient finally _.A）pulled out B）pulled through C）pulled u

23、p D）pulled over77. Mr. Browns condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will _.A pull back B pull up C pull through D pull out58. In order to raise money, Aunt Nicola had to _with some of her most treasured possessions.A divideB separate C part D abandon.70. The football match was _ beca

24、use of the heavy rain.A. called over B. called up C. called out D. called off78. He listened hard but still couldn't _ what they were talking about.A. make over B. make up C. make upon D. make out67. During the summer vacation, kids are often seen hanging _ in the street.A. about B. on C. over D

25、. out第六節(jié) 根據(jù)首字母考試頻率記憶單詞（一、二）一 不重要的6個首字母X Y Z 重點記：yield n.產(chǎn)量 vi. yield to屈服，讓步J K Q重點記：keep短語二 很重要的10個字母A B C D E I P R S T 高頻前綴：Aacc/add/app/arr/att/aff/agg/assaccess to 接近have access to 有權(quán)利使用Ccom/con/coconsistent 一貫的 不變的consistent 不變的 恒定的consistently 相當于alwayscontinual 時斷時續(xù)，有間斷 continuous 連續(xù)不斷的，沒有間斷

26、Dde/disdecline 下降，拒絕 decrease下降 depression 經(jīng)濟衰退，壓抑 debate辯論disagree 不同意 dislike 不喜歡 distribute分配，分發(fā) indispensable不可缺少的Eex/enexclude排除enrich 使豐富enlarge擴大entitle 給權(quán)利（或資格）entitle sb. to (do) sth.enable 使能夠Iin/im/idinclude包含 import進口作為否定詞時，in沒有要求，什么字母開頭普都可以；im要求加在m，p開頭的單詞前。Ppre/pro/pu/plpre/pro 相當于befor

27、e 在之前progress 取得進步，發(fā)展predict語言RreSst/su/se/subset短語sub次，亞，下subhealth亞健康subway地鐵submit呈上，提交Ttr/tetrans從到transmit傳輸，傳播transfer轉(zhuǎn)移，轉(zhuǎn)學，調(diào)動工作 transfer sb. to someplacetransform 變革transplant移植transport 運輸三 記憶單詞的方法：大量背，大量忘，大量留下：1.認知；2.挪窩認識；3.在英語的語境中使用單詞1. 堅持循環(huán)記憶在閱讀中記憶單詞，創(chuàng)造與單詞多見面的機會2. 根據(jù)詞根、詞綴、詞源來記憶單詞3. 不擇手段記單

28、詞通過加減字母記憶單詞 編故事記單詞 聯(lián)想4. 根據(jù)單詞讀音記單詞5. 在生活中記單詞語法部分一、3大從句名從、定從、狀從，名從和定從常放在一起考（一）名從：主從、賓從、表從、同位從1、名從句中的連接詞連接詞詞義在從句中是否起從句作用能否省略that無不充當只在賓語中可省If（只引導賓從）有：是否不充當不能省whether有：是否不充當不能省whether與if的區(qū)別，whether后可 + or not 或or連接代詞詞義在從句中是否起從句作用能否省略what什么充當：主賓表不能省who誰充當：主語whom誰充當：賓語whose誰的充當：定語which哪一個充當：定語連接副詞詞義在從句中是否

29、起從句作用能否省略when時間充當：狀語不能省where地點充當：主語why為什么充當：賓語how方式充當：定語注意：名詞性從句一律用陳述語序，即主謂不能顛倒。如：What is your name？/What your name is？而不是Can you tell me whats your name？（1）that引導名從時，只起連接作用，不在從句中充當任何成份Its /was + adj./-ed/某些n. + that +完整句子（因that不作從句中的成份）（2）強調(diào)句：It is /was + 被強調(diào)部分 + that + 不完整句子（強調(diào)最多的是主、賓、狀）2、賓從 主謂是vt

30、. + that + 完整句子1、 同位語從句抽象n. + that + 完整句子如：My suggestion is that what 只引導主、賓、表從，不能引導定從和同位從，即what 前不能有名詞。既起連接作用，又在從句中充當成份作用，作從句的主、賓、表語。（1）只要what 引導主從，what右邊必須有2個v.。（2）what 引導賓從，左邊必須找v. 不能找n.（3）what 引導賓從，引表從左邊必須找類似know的動詞及am、is、are的系詞。在賓從中，主句若是過去時，從句要用過去時的某種時態(tài)?？陀^真理除外，用一般現(xiàn)在時。主句若是一般現(xiàn)在、現(xiàn)完、祈使句，從句可用任何時態(tài)。（單

31、選、完形中有which一般考定從）公式： n. + that/which + 不完整句子，因為that/which作成份。（1）that只引導限定性從句，限定性從句無“，”，既起連接作用，又在從句中充當成份作用。作從句的主、賓、表語，先行詞可是不定代詞。先行詞可以被不定代詞、adj.或最高級、敘述詞及the first ，the last，the only，the very 等修飾。（2）which在成3考試中，只考定語從句中的應用，既可引導限定，又可引導非限定；既起連接作用，又在從句中充當成份作用。作從句的主、賓、表語，可與介詞連用。先行項可以修飾整句話的內(nèi)容，只能放在所修飾的先行項后面。名

32、詞 + 句子不是定從就是同位從公式：that + 名從：主賓表，考與what區(qū)別，what起成份，that不起成份 + 定從：考與which的區(qū)別，定n.（二）定語從句抓先行項與后邊的關系詞與先行項的指代的關系。抓關系詞在定語從句中的作用。1、關系系詞： 關系代詞（主、賓、表、定） 關系副詞，作狀語關系代詞指對象成份能否省who人主語（賓、表非正式用）作賓語，可省介 + whom人賓語可省that人或物主、賓、表作賓語，可省介 + which物或整句內(nèi)容主、賓、表作賓語，可省Whose人或物定語不省as整句話內(nèi)容主、賓、表不省than物主不省as既可引導限定也可引導非限定，既起連接作用又在從句

33、中充當成份，作從句的主賓表語，翻譯成“正如一樣”。在引導限定性定從時找2個：the same as，such as在引非限定性定從時，只能指整句話的內(nèi)容，可放句首。關系副詞指對象成份能否省where = in which地點地點狀語不省 when = on which時間時間狀語不省Why = for which 原因（reason）原因狀語不?。ㄈ钫Z從句一般讀懂句子即可做題。1、 讓步狀從“盡管，雖然”連接詞：although，even if，no matter + 疑問詞（適用狀從）= 疑問詞 + ever（適用狀從、名從），though，even though，despite（介）=

34、 in spite為 of（介短），while（放句首），even（adv. 不能接句子，連詞可接句子）。while 當?shù)臅r候，從句謂語v.延續(xù)性 = but句中 = Although（Though）放句首，表“盡管” as 考固搭 時間狀從“當?shù)臅r候”：主從句主語一致；主從句的動作同時發(fā)生 原因狀從，表示說話人看來很明顯的理由 非限定，可放句首 讓步倒裝adj. / adv. / n.（無冠詞）/分詞 + as 主 + 謂since 強調(diào)人們已知的事情（事實）= now thatwhen后從句中謂v.非延續(xù)。2、條件狀從連接詞：if，unless = if not（如果不），as long

35、as = so long as（只要），provided（that）= providing（that）= suppose（that）= supposing（that）3、時間狀從考點： 時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時（主將從現(xiàn)），限時狀從和條件狀從一般過去時（參考時態(tài)）：過去完；過進將來完成時will/shall have done公式：by + 將來時間；by the time + 主語 + do / does，主句必須用將來完成時。 原因狀從 in that = because 因為 now that = since 由于，既然 結(jié)果狀從句型：so + （adj. / adv.）+ that such

36、+ a / an + adj. + n. + that 目的狀從句型：in order that + 句子 in order to + 不定式 so that in case 地點狀從如： stay（v.）；where yow are？二、虛擬語氣考點（一）“if”引導從句假設類型if從句謂語v.主句謂語v.與現(xiàn)在事實相反v.過去式（be用were不用was）would/should/could/might + do與過去事實相反had + donewould/should/could/might + have done與將來事實相反were to/should + dowould/shoul

37、d/could/might + do1、省略if倒裝（1）had + 主語 + （not）done 與過去事實相反（2）should + 主語 + do 與將來事實相反（3）were + 主語 + （not）to do 與將來事實相反以上均省略if，將had、should、were提前，句子倒裝。2、含蓄虛擬，用介詞短語代替if從句引導的虛擬（1）without = but for 若不是，要不是，如果沒有3、錯綜（混合）虛擬，主從句時態(tài)不在一個時間段技巧：對號入座，主套主，從套從如：如果我是你（現(xiàn)在），我早把這書買了（過去）。 我要趕上那趟車（過去），現(xiàn)在就坐這上課了（現(xiàn)在）。（二）其他形式

38、虛擬（單選?？嫉?，非常重要）從句后是現(xiàn)在時即與現(xiàn)在相反，是過去時即與過去相反，是將來時即與將來相反。wish、wishes、wished as if/as thoughwould rather if only 主語 過去式 與現(xiàn)在事實相反 would/could + do與將來事實相反（1）had done（2）would/could + have done與過去事實相反但would rather + 句子用虛擬，would rather + dohad better （not）do 最好做 4、 if only 一般省略主句，用法與wish相同5、用表示建議、命令、要求等詞引導的虛擬從句中，

39、am、is、are原形即be解題方法：找出標志詞；找出動詞原形：do（主動）、be done（被動）（1）用表示建議、命令、要求等V.引導的賓從中公式：主語 + 謂語v.（必認詞）+ 主語 +（should）+ do/be done必認v. suggest，propose，order，ask，require，request，desire，demand，insist，command，recommend，move，urge，advise（2）用于與建議、命令、要求等V.意義類似的形容詞所引導的主語從句公式：It is + adj. （必認詞）+ that + 主語 +（should）+ do/be

40、 done 必認adj. suggested，proposed，ordered，asked，required，requested，desired（desirable），demanded，commanded，recommended，urgent，advisable，important，vital，essential，necessary, imperative（3）與表示建議、命令、要求等v.相類似的n.引導的表語從句和同位語從句表從公式：主語 + 系詞 + that + 主語（should） + do/be done同位從公式：n. + that + 主語（should）+ do + do/be

41、 done必認n. suggestion，proposal，order，requirement，request，desire，demand，insistence， motion，recommendation，advice6、 It's/was/ + time + that + 主語 + did（過去式） 早該到的時間了/high time/about time 7、跳層虛擬公式： 真實，otherwise / or + 虛擬 虛擬，but + 真實（一般考過去時）特點：真實過去時或 must have done，對過去肯定猜測 虛擬would / could + have done（三

42、）情態(tài)v. + have done ，表示對過去事情的推測must + have done 肯定，沒有mustn't（表禁止）could + have done 本能夠， 可能做（但未做）may + have done 本可能，或許might + have done 本可能should = ought to + have done 本應做，而未做（含責備）shouldn't = oughtn't to + have done 本不應做而做了（含責備）needn't + have done 沒有必要做而做了（無責備）need 情態(tài)v.“必要” + v. 實義v.“

43、需要” + need doing（形式主動，實際被動） = need to be done “需要”need + to do三、時態(tài)、語態(tài)1. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別2. 現(xiàn)在進行時3. 表示將來的一般現(xiàn)在時四、反疑問句1、（1）前肯，后否（2）前否，后肯前后時態(tài)要求一致否定：no，not，never，seldom，little，few，hardly，scarecly，none，nothing2、祈使句的反疑問句祈使句，will you？ ，wont you?3、復合句中的反意問句有兩種情況：（1）反意問句的主語應與主句主語保持一致（2）I / We + think / suppos

44、e + 賓從，反疑問句看從句。五、主謂一致公式：1、not only A but also B 不僅A而且B not A but B either A or B neither A nor B A or B謂語動詞與B保持一致（就近原則）2、A，介詞短語 B，（謂語動詞與A一致）介詞短語：with，together with，along with，besides，like，as well as，rather than，but 等3、to do / doing/主從/n.短語 + 謂v. 用 單34、a number of = a lot of + 可數(shù)n.復數(shù) + 謂v.用 復數(shù) the nu

45、mber of + 可數(shù)n. 復數(shù) + 謂v.用單35、定語從句中的主謂一致，在定語從句中謂語v.要與先行詞保持一致。whatever前不能有n.6、倒裝句中的主謂一致：介短 + lie / be / stand + 主六、非謂語動詞（一）不定式： to do / not to do1、形式（時態(tài)/語態(tài)）， vt.（vi.只有主動）基本形式： 主動被動 一般式to doto be done 完成式to have doneto have been done進行式to be doing×完成進行式to have been doing×注意：不定式的一般式表示動作與主句的動作將要

46、發(fā)生或同時發(fā)生，而不定式的完成式表示動作要先于主句的動作前發(fā)生，不定式的完成式不能作定語。（4）不定式的成份，做主賓表，定狀補1）作定語n.+to do/to be done將發(fā)生doing/being done正發(fā)生done已發(fā)生2）作狀語，表目的（放哪都成）和結(jié)果（一般放后面）為了：in order to do 句首 so as to do 句中，不能放句首 to do3）作主語 It is + adj. for sb. to do sth.形式主語 真正主語4）作賓語 find / make / think /consider it + adj. + to do sth. 形式賓語 真正

47、賓語如：Find it useful to study English.詞：make，think，consider，find（二）動名詞doing / not doing1、時態(tài)語態(tài)Vt.（及物）vi.（不及物）主動被動主動一般式doingbeing donegoing完成式having donehaving been donehaving gone2、 doing完成式不能做定語。2、doing完成式強調(diào)表示動作要先于主句的謂語動作發(fā)生。例：Having had supper，I went out for a walk.3、 形式動名詞：主語、賓語、表語、定語現(xiàn)在分詞：狀語、補語、表語、定語

48、（不是重點）作表語時的區(qū)別，看是否可變成主語，可變主語是動名詞。3、動名詞（1）?？迹汗潭ù钆洌▌淤e關系或介賓關系）；固定句型固搭Vt/vt短語 + do/to do/ doing / sb do/ sb doing/ sth done/ sb to do介詞/ones /賓代+ doingVt + to do 與+doing區(qū)別固定句型1）There is no point（in）doing 做某事無意義2）It is no use（good） doing 做某事無用（無好處）3）sb. + spend（花費） + 時間 + in doing錢 + on sth.· It take

49、 sb. + 時間 + to do sth.· 物 cost sb. 錢·pay sb./for sth.4）need doing = need to be done 形式主動, 意思被動 be worth doing 值得做某事（2） V. + doing/to do 的區(qū)別1）remember/forget + to do 記住做某事（未做）2）remember/forget + doing sth. 記得做過某事3）regret（遺憾、后悔） + to do sth. 遺憾未做某事+ doing sth. 后悔做某事4）mean + to do 打算 + doing

50、意味著5）go on + to do 接著做另一件事 + doing 接著做未做完事6）stop + to do 停下來做另一件事 + doing 禁止做此事（正在做的）7）try + to do 試做某事 + doing = do 試一試，嘗一嘗 （三）分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞：作狀語、補語、定語、表語、5種形式： n. + to do（主動）/to be done + doing（主動）/being done（正在被動） + done （被動完了）作狀語：1、分詞，主謂賓 / 主謂賓，分詞 + doing（主動）/being done.（被動） + having done /having been done./done2、（連詞）+ 分詞，主謂賓（連詞時，主句主語和分詞主語一致）連詞后只跟分詞或句子分詞放前面，一般作狀語，表示時間、條件、原因。分詞放后面，一般作狀語，表示伴隨、方式、結(jié)果。回想： To do，主謂賓 不定式放句首表“目