機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢中英文淺談(精品)

1、機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢中英文淺談mechanical and electrical integration technology present situation and development trend現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，極大地推動(dòng)了不同學(xué)科的交叉與滲透，工程領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)改造與 革命。在機(jī)械工程領(lǐng)域,由于微電了技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展及其向機(jī)械工業(yè)的滲透所 形成的機(jī)電一體化，使機(jī)械工業(yè)的技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)、功能與構(gòu)成、生產(chǎn)方式及管理體系 發(fā)牛了巨大變化,使工業(yè)牛產(chǎn)由“機(jī)械電氣化”邁入以“機(jī)電一體化”為特征的發(fā)展階段。the continuous development of m

2、odem science and technology, greatly promote the intersectionand infiltration of different subjects, technical transformation and revolution in the field ofengineering in the field of mechanical engineering, due to the rapid development ofmicroelectronics technology and computer technology to the pe

3、netration of mechanical industryand mechanical and electrical integration, formed by the technology of mechanical industrystructure, product structure, function and structure, great changes have taken place in productionmode and management system, the industrial production by the mechanical electrif

4、icationentering the stage of development characterized by” mechatronics t1機(jī)電一體化概述1summary of electromechanical integration機(jī)電一體化是指在機(jī)構(gòu)的主功能、動(dòng)力功能、信息處理功能和控制功能上引進(jìn)電子技術(shù)，將機(jī)械裝進(jìn)與電子化設(shè)計(jì)及軟件結(jié)合起來所構(gòu)成的系統(tǒng)的總稱。electromechanical integration refers to the agencys main function, dynamic function, informationprocessing and

5、control functions on the introduction of electronic technology, combiningmechanical device and electronic design and software of the floorboard of the systcm.機(jī)電一體化發(fā)展至今已經(jīng)成為一門何著h身體系的新型學(xué)科，隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，還將 被賦了新的內(nèi)容。但其基本特征可概括為:機(jī)電一體化是從系統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)出發(fā)，綜合運(yùn)用機(jī)械技 術(shù)、微電子技術(shù)、自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)、傳感測控技術(shù)及電力電子技術(shù), 根據(jù)系統(tǒng)功能目標(biāo)要求,合理配置與布

6、局各功能單元，在多功能、高質(zhì)量、高可靠性、低能耗 的意義上實(shí)現(xiàn)特定功能價(jià)值，并使整個(gè)系統(tǒng)最優(yōu)化的系統(tǒng)工程技術(shù)。由此而產(chǎn)生的功能系統(tǒng), 則成為一個(gè)機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)或機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品。因此，“機(jī)電一體化”涵蓋“技術(shù)”和“產(chǎn) 品”兩個(gè)方面。機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)是基于上述樣體技術(shù)有機(jī)融合的一種綜合技術(shù)，而不是機(jī)械 技術(shù)、微電子技術(shù)及其它新技術(shù)的簡單組合、拼湊。這是機(jī)電一體化與機(jī)械加電氣所形成的 機(jī)械電氣化在概念上的根本區(qū)別。機(jī)械丄程技術(shù)由純技術(shù)發(fā)展到機(jī)械電氣化，仍屬傳統(tǒng)機(jī)械, 其主要功能依然是代替和放大的體系。但是,發(fā)展到機(jī)電一體化后，其中的微電了裝置除可取 代菜些機(jī)械部件的原冇功能外，還被賦予許多新的功能，如

7、白動(dòng)檢測、h動(dòng)處理信息、h動(dòng)顯 示記錄、h動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)與控制、白動(dòng)診斷與保護(hù)等。也就是說，機(jī)電-體化產(chǎn)品不僅是人的手與 肢體的延伸,還是人的感官與頭腦的延伸，智能化特征是機(jī)電一體化與機(jī)械電氣化在功能上的 本質(zhì)區(qū)別。electromechanical integration development has become a has its own system of new subject, withthe continuous development of science and technology, will also be given new content. but itsbasic cha

8、racteristics can be summarized as: electromechanical integration from a systemperspective, integrated use of mechanical technology, microelectronics technology, automaticcontrol technology, computer technology, information technology, the sensor measurement andcontrol technology and power electronic

9、 technology, in accordance with the requirements ofsystem function goal, reasonable configuration and layout of each function unit in the multi-function, high quality, high reliability, low energy consumption sense, realize the value of aspecific function, and optimize the whole system of systems en

10、gineering technology. as a functionof the system, then become a mechatronics system or mechanical and electrical integrationproducts therefore,umechatronicsmcovers two aspects of ”technology and product.mechanical and electrical integration technology is based on the group technology of organicinteg

11、ration of a comprehensive technology, rather than mechanical technology, microelectronicstechnology and other new technology of simple combination and piece togethe匚this is formedbymechanicalandelectricalintegrationandthemechanicalandelectricalmechanicalelectrification on the concept of fundamental

12、difference mechanical engineering technology hasdeveloped from a pure technology to mechanical electrification, still belongs to the traditionalmachinery, its main function is to replace and amplification system. but, after the development tothe mechanical and electrical integration, one of the micr

13、oelectronic devices in addition to replacesome of the mechanical parts of the original function, and was endowed with many new features,such as automatic detection, automatic processing information, automatic display, automaticadjustment and control, automatic diagnosis and protection, etc. that is

14、to say, is not only the handof the electromechanical integration products and an extension of the body, or an extension of thehuman senses and mind, intelligence is characterized by mechanical and electrical integration andmechanical electrification on the function of the essential differences betwe

15、en.2機(jī)電一體化的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r2 development of electromechanical integration機(jī)電一體化的發(fā)展大體可以分為三個(gè)階段：(l)20世紀(jì)60年代以前為第一階段，這一階段稱為 初級(jí)階段。在這一時(shí)期，人們自覺不自覺地利用電子技術(shù)的初步成來來完善機(jī)械產(chǎn)站的性能。 特別是在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，戰(zhàn)爭刺激了機(jī)械產(chǎn)品與電子技術(shù)的結(jié)介，這些機(jī)電結(jié)合的軍用 技術(shù)，戰(zhàn)麻轉(zhuǎn)為民用，對(duì)戰(zhàn)后經(jīng)濟(jì)的恢復(fù)起到了積極的作用。那時(shí),研制和開發(fā)從總體上看還處 于自發(fā)狀態(tài)。由于當(dāng)時(shí)電了技術(shù)的發(fā)展尚耒達(dá)到一定水平，機(jī)械技術(shù)與電了技術(shù)的結(jié)合還不 可能廣泛和深入發(fā)展，已經(jīng)開發(fā)的產(chǎn)品也無法大量推廣。(2

16、)20世紀(jì)70-80年代為第二階段, 可稱為蓬勃發(fā)展階段。這一時(shí)期,計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、控制技術(shù)、通信技術(shù)的發(fā)展，為機(jī)電一體化的 發(fā)展奠定了技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。大規(guī)模、超大規(guī)模集成電路和微型計(jì)算機(jī)的出現(xiàn)，為機(jī)電一體化的發(fā) 展提供了充分的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。這個(gè)時(shí)期的特點(diǎn)是:mechatronics一詞首先在日木被普遍接受，人 約到20世紀(jì)80年代末期在世界范圍內(nèi)得到比較廣泛的承認(rèn);機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品得到了 極大發(fā)展;各國均開始對(duì)機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品給予很大的關(guān)注和支持。(3)20世紀(jì)90年代 后期，開始了機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)向智能化方向邁進(jìn)的新階段，機(jī)電一體化進(jìn)入深入發(fā)展時(shí)期。一 方面，光學(xué)、通信技術(shù)等進(jìn)入機(jī)電一體化，微細(xì)加

17、工技術(shù)也在機(jī)電一體化中嶄露頭腳，出現(xiàn)了光 機(jī)電一體化和微機(jī)電一體化等新分支;另一方面，對(duì)機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)的建模設(shè)計(jì)、分析和集成 方法，機(jī)電一體化的學(xué)科體系和發(fā)展趨勢都進(jìn)行了深入研究。同時(shí)，人工智能技術(shù)、神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò) 技術(shù)及光纖技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域取得的巨大進(jìn)步，為機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)開辟了發(fā)展的廣闊天地。這些硏 究，使機(jī)電一體化進(jìn)一步建立了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，并r逐漸形成完整的學(xué)科體系。electromechanical integration development can be roughly divided into three stages: (1) until the1960 s for the first st

18、age, this stage is called the primary stage. in this period, people consciously orunconsciously use the preliminary results of electronic technology to improve the mechanicalperformance of the product. especially during the second world war, the war stimulated thecombination of mechanical products a

19、nd electronic technology, the electrical and mechanicalcombination of military technology, after the war to civilian use, played a positive role in post-wareconomic recovery. at that time, the research and development from the overall is still in thespontaneous condition. because at that time, the d

20、evelopment of electronic technology has yet toreach a certain level, the combination of mechanical technology and electronic technology alsocould not have extensive and in-depth development, has developed a large number of promotionproducts cannot. (2) 70-80 - s of the 20th century to the second pha

21、se, can be called a stage ofvigorous development. during this period, the development of computer technology, controltechnology, communication technology, laid the technical foundation for the development ofelectromechanical integration large-scale, the emergence of very large scale integrated circu

22、itand a microcomputer for the development of electromechanical integration provides sufficientmaterial basis this period is characterized by: the term mechatronics first in japan is generallyaccepted, approximately to the late 1980 s, get more widely acknowledged throughout the world;mechanical and

23、electrical integration technologies and products obtained great development; allcountries began to electromechanical integration technology and products to give great attentionand support (3) in the late 1990 s, started a new stage of electromechanical integration technologyto the intelligent direct

24、ion, electromechanical integration into the development period on the onehand, optics and communication technology into the mechanical and electrical integration, microprocessing technology also come in mechatronics, appeared photo-mechanic-electronic integrationand micro-electro-mechanical integnit

25、ion of new branches; on the other hand, the modeling of themechanical and electrical integration of system design, analysis, and integration method,mechanical and electrical integration of subject system and development trend were studied atthe same time, the artificial intelligence technology, neur

26、al network technology and optical fibertechnology in areas such as the great progress, for mechanical and electrical integration technologyhas opened up a wide space for the development of. these studies, make the mechanical andelectrical integration further established the solid foundation, and gra

27、duallyformed a complete scientific system.我國是從20世紀(jì)80年代初才開始進(jìn)行這方面的研究和應(yīng)用。國務(wù)院成立了機(jī)電一體化領(lǐng)導(dǎo) 小組，并將該技術(shù)列入“863計(jì)劃”中。在制定“九五”規(guī)劃和2010年發(fā)展綱要時(shí)充分考慮 了國際上關(guān)于機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)的發(fā)展動(dòng)向和由此可能帶來的彩響。許多人專院校、研究機(jī)構(gòu) 及一些大中型企業(yè)對(duì)這一技術(shù)的發(fā)展及應(yīng)用做了大量的工作，取得了一定成果。但與口本等 先進(jìn)國家相比，仍有相當(dāng)差距。from the early 1980 s in our country started to the research and application

28、. established themechanical and electrical integration of leading group of the state council, and the technologyincluded in the ”863 project11. in formulating the ninth five-year plan and development plan in2010 when fully considering the international on the development trend of the electromechanic

29、alintegnition technology and the likely impact of. many universities and colleges, researchinstitutions and large and medium-sized enterprises to the development of this technology and itsapplication to do a lot of work, has obtained certain results. but compared with japan and otheradvanced countri

30、es, there are still quite a gap3機(jī)電一體化的發(fā)展趨勢3 the development trend of electromechanical integration機(jī)電一體化是集機(jī)械、電子、光學(xué)、控制、計(jì)算機(jī)、信息等多學(xué)科的交叉綜合，它的發(fā)展和 進(jìn)步依賴并促進(jìn)相關(guān)技術(shù)的發(fā)展。機(jī)電一體化的主要發(fā)展方向大致有以下兒個(gè)方血：mechatronics is a collection of machinery, electronics, optics, control, computer, information andother multi-disciplinary o

31、verlapping comprehensive, its development and progress depend on andpromote the development of related technologies. mechanical and electrical integration of the maindevelopment direction to roughly the following several aspects:3.1智能化3.1 intelligent智能化是21世紀(jì)機(jī)電-體化技術(shù)的一個(gè)重要發(fā)展方向。人工鋼能在機(jī)電一體化的研究屮fi益得到重視，機(jī)器人

32、與數(shù)控機(jī)床的智能化就是重要應(yīng)用之一。這里所說的“智能化”是對(duì)機(jī) 器行為的描述，是在控制理論的慕礎(chǔ)上，吸收人工智能、運(yùn)籌學(xué)、計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)、模糊數(shù)學(xué)、心 理學(xué)、生理學(xué)和混沌動(dòng)力學(xué)等新思想、新方法，使它具有判斷推理、邏輯思維及白主決策等 能力,以求得到更高的控制目標(biāo)。誠然，使機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品具有與人完全和同的智能，是不可能 的，也是不必要的。但是，鬲性能、高速度的微處理器使機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品賦有低級(jí)智能或者人 的部分智能,則是完全可能而且必要的。intelligent mechanical and electrical integration technology in the 21st century i

33、s an importantdevelopment direction. in the study of mechanical and electrical integration of artificialintelligence is increasingly get attention, robot and intelligent nc machine tool is one of theimportant application. here intelligence11is the description of machine behavior, is in controltheory

34、, on the basis of absorption, fuzzy mathematics, artificial intelligence, operations research,computer science, psychology, physiology and chaotic dynamics, new ideas, new methods, such asgiving it a judgment, reasoning, logical thinking and independent decision making ability, in orderto get a high

35、er control target. admittedly, make intelligent mechatronics products have exactly thesame with people, is impossible and also unnecessary. however, high performance, high speedmicroprocessors make mechanical and electrical integration products possess low intelligence orone part of the intelligence

36、, it is entirely possible and necessary.3.2模塊化3.2 modular模塊化是一項(xiàng)重要而艱巨的工程。rh于機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品種類和牛產(chǎn)廠家繁多,研制和開發(fā)具 有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)機(jī)械接口、電氣接口、動(dòng)力接口和環(huán)境接口等的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)站單元是一項(xiàng)十分復(fù)雜 但又非常重要的事情。如研制集減速、智能調(diào)速、電機(jī)于一體的動(dòng)力單元，具冇視覺、圖像 處理、識(shí)別和測距等功能的控制單元,以及各種能完成典型操作的機(jī)械裝置等。有了這些標(biāo) 準(zhǔn)單元就可迅速開發(fā)出新產(chǎn)品,同時(shí)也可以擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)規(guī)模。為了達(dá)到以上目的,還需要制定各 項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以便丁各部件、單元的匹配。rti于利益沖突，近期很難制定出國際或

37、國內(nèi)這方面的標(biāo) 準(zhǔn),但可以通過纟fl建一些人企業(yè)逐漸形成。顯然，從電氣產(chǎn)品的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、系列化帶來的好處可 以肯定，無論是對(duì)生產(chǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)機(jī)電一體化單元的企業(yè),還是對(duì)生產(chǎn)機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品的企業(yè)，模塊 化將給機(jī)電一體化企業(yè)帶來美好的前程。modularity is an important and arduous engineering. due to mechanical and electrical integrationproducts and manufacturers, research and development has a standard mechanical interface,ele

38、ctrical interfaces, power and environment interface mechanical and electrical integration of theproduct unit is a very complicated but it is very important thing. as research integratingdeceleration, intelligent control of motor speed, motor power unit, has a vision, image processing,identification

39、and ranging, and other functions of the control unit, can be done as well as a varietyof typical operating machinery, etc. with the standard unit can rapidly develop new products, at thesame time also can expand the scale of production. in order to achieve above, also need to setstandards, so that t

40、he matching of parts and units due to conflicts of interest, recently it isdifficult to make a domestic or international standards in this respect, but it can be graduallyformed through the formation of large enterprises obviously, from electrical products to be sure,the benefits of standardization

41、and seriation of standard mechanical and electrical integration unitsfor production enterprises, or enterprises of electromechanical integration products, modular willbring bright future to electromechanical integration enterprise.3.3網(wǎng)絡(luò)化3.3 the network20世紀(jì)90年代，計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)等的突出成就是網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的興起和飛速發(fā)展給科學(xué)技 術(shù)、工業(yè)生

42、產(chǎn)、政治、軍事、教育等fi常生活都帶來了巨大的變革。各種網(wǎng)絡(luò)將全球經(jīng)濟(jì)、 生產(chǎn)連成一片，企業(yè)間的競爭也將全球化。機(jī)電一體化新產(chǎn)品一旦研制出來，只要其功能獨(dú)到、 質(zhì)最可靠,很快就會(huì)暢銷全球。由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及，基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的各種遠(yuǎn)程控制和監(jiān)視技術(shù)方興未 艾，而遠(yuǎn)程控制的終端設(shè)備本身就是機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品?，F(xiàn)場總線和局域網(wǎng)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用使家用 電器網(wǎng)絡(luò)化已成大勢，利用家庭網(wǎng)絡(luò)(home net)將各種家用電器連接成以計(jì)算機(jī)為中心的計(jì) 算機(jī)集成家電系統(tǒng)(computerintegrated appliance system,cias),能使人們呆在家里就可分享 各種高技術(shù)帶來的便利與快樂。因此，機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品無疑將

43、朝著網(wǎng)絡(luò)化方向發(fā)展。in the 1990 s, computer technology and so on the prominent achievement is network technology.the rise of the network technology and the rapid development for science and technology,industrial production, daily life such as politics, military, education have brought huge changes.various net

44、work to the global economy, the production, a joint enterprise between the competitionwill be the globalization. mechanical and electrical integration of new products, once developed, aslong as its original functions, and reliable quality, soon will sell all over the world due to thepopularity of ne

45、twork, all kinds of remote control and monitoring technology based on network isflourishing, and remote control terminal device itself is electromechanical integration products.the application of fieldbus and network technology make home appliances networking has becomea trend, using the home networ

46、k (home net) will all kinds of household appliances connected to thecomputer as the center of computer integrated electronics system (computer integrated appliancesystem, cias), can make people stay at home and can share all kinds of high technology bringconvenience and happy. therefore, electromech

47、anical integration products will undoubtedly in thedirection of network development.3.4微型化3.4 miniaturization微型化興起于20壯紀(jì)80年代末，指的是機(jī)電一體化向微型機(jī)器和微觀領(lǐng)域發(fā)展的趨勢。國 外稱其為微電了機(jī)械系統(tǒng)(mems),泛指幾何尺寸不超過lcm3的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品，并向微米、 納米級(jí)發(fā)展。微機(jī)電一休化產(chǎn)品體積小,耗能少，運(yùn)動(dòng)靈活，在牛物醫(yī)療、軍事、信息等方面具 有無可比擬的優(yōu)勢。微機(jī)電一體化發(fā)展的瓶頸在于微機(jī)械技術(shù)。微機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)胡的加工采 用精細(xì)加工技術(shù)，即超精密技術(shù),它包括光

48、刻技術(shù)和蝕刻技術(shù)兩類。miniaturization emerged in the late 1980 s, refers to the electromechanical integration to the trendof the development of the micro machine and micro field. abroad as microelectronic mechanicalsystem (mems), refers to the geometric size of no more than i cm3 of electromechanicalintegratio

49、n products, and to micron and nanometer level development. micro-electro-mechanicalintegration products small size, less energy consumption, flexible movement, in the biologicalmedical, military, information, etc, has the incomparable advantage. micro-electro-mechanicalintegration development bottle

50、neck lies in the micro mechanical technology. micro-electro-mechanical integration product processing in fine processing technology, the ultra precisiontechnology, it includes two categories, lithography and etching technology.3.5環(huán)?；?.5 environmental protection工業(yè)的發(fā)達(dá)給人們?；顜砭薮笞兓Ｒ环窖?，物質(zhì)豐富，生活舒適;另一方面，資源減

51、少，牛態(tài)壞境受到嚴(yán)重污染。于是，人們呼吁保護(hù)環(huán)境資源，回歸口然。綠色產(chǎn)品概念在這種呼聲下應(yīng) 運(yùn)而生，綠色化是時(shí)代的趨勢。綠色產(chǎn)品在其設(shè)計(jì)、制造、使用和銷毀的生命過程屮,符合特 定的環(huán)境保護(hù)和人類健康的要求,對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境無害或危害極少，資源利用率極高。設(shè)計(jì)綠色的 機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品，具有遠(yuǎn)大的發(fā)展前景。機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品的綠色化主要是指，使用吋不污染生 態(tài)環(huán)境，報(bào)廢后能回收利用。developed to people life bring great changes in industry. on the one hand, material is rich,comfortable; on the oth

52、er hand, reduce resources, the ecological environment suffered seriouspollution. so, people call for protection of the environment resources, return to nature conceptarises at the historic moment under this calls for green products, green is the trend of the times.green products in the design, manuf

53、acture, use and destruction of life in the process, accord withthe requirement of specific environmental protection and human health, harm to the ecologicalenvironment harmless or minimal, high resource utilization. green mechanical and electricalintegration of product design, has the broad prospect

54、s for development. greening is mainly refersto the electromechanical integration products, polluting the ecological environment, when usingscrap can be recycled after.3.6系統(tǒng)化3.6 systematically系統(tǒng)化的表現(xiàn)特征之一就是系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步采用開放式和模式化的總線結(jié)構(gòu)。系統(tǒng)可以 靈活組態(tài),進(jìn)行任意剪裁和組合，同時(shí)尋求實(shí)現(xiàn)多子系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)控制和綜合管理。表現(xiàn)z二是通 信功能的大大加強(qiáng)。一般除rs232外，還有rs485等智能化通信接口。未來的機(jī)電一體化更 加注垂產(chǎn)品與人的關(guān)系，機(jī)電一體化的人格化冇兩層含義:一層是如何賦予機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品人 的智能、情感、人性等等，顯得越來越重要，特別是對(duì)家用機(jī)器人，具高層境界就是人機(jī)一體化; 另一層是模仿生物機(jī)理，研制出各種機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品。事實(shí)上，許多機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品