2022年2021初一英語(yǔ)名詞講解及練習(xí)

1、名詞一、名詞分類：名詞分為 普通名詞 和專有名詞普通名詞：表示同一類的人或物的名稱，又可分為個(gè)體名詞，如boy, house, insect, tiger 等；物質(zhì)名詞，如air, snow, bread, rice 等；抽象名詞，如glory, honesty, failure, education 等。專有名詞：表示個(gè)人、國(guó)家、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等的專有名稱，如cheng du, china, obama, china central television 等。名詞的兩大考點(diǎn)：數(shù)與格二、名詞的數(shù)1.普通名詞： 可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞(1)可數(shù)名詞：包括個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞個(gè)體名詞 : 表示個(gè)體的

2、人或事物名稱的詞。如：teacher, student, boy, book, bag 每個(gè)可數(shù)名詞都有其單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式。a. 單數(shù)表示 “ 一個(gè) ” 的概念。用名詞的單數(shù)時(shí)，名詞前需加a 或 an。如 a book（一本書(shū)）、an apple（一個(gè)蘋(píng)果） 、an orange（一個(gè)橘子）等。b. 復(fù)數(shù)表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的物體。如 two pencils（兩枝鉛筆）、three weeks（三周） 等。集合名詞： 表示一群人或一些事物名稱的詞。如：people, family, class, furniture 復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成有兩種：規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成和不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成。規(guī)則名詞復(fù)

3、數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成詞形復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成方法例 詞大多數(shù)名詞在詞尾加 -s。 （在清輔音后讀s，在濁輔音及元音后讀 z。 ）cat cats book-books dog-dogs bag bags boy- boys 以 s、x、ch、sh 結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加-es, 讀作 iz。glass glasses match matches 以輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾的名詞把 y 變成i , 加 -es, 讀作 iz city cities 但專有名詞例外，直接在y 后加 -s, 讀作z canadian canadians american americans 以輔音字母+o 結(jié)尾的名詞一般直接加-es,讀作

4、z; tomato tomatoes potato potatoes 某些詞例外 ,加 -s kilo-kilos, piano pianos, photo photos 以元音字母 +o 結(jié)尾的名詞直接加-s, 但讀作 z zoo zoos radio radios 以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞有的直接加-s, 讀作 z roof roofs 大多數(shù)要將f 或 fe 變?yōu)?v,再加 -es,讀作 z leaf leaves wife wives knifeknives yourself-yourselves 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - -

5、- 第 1 頁(yè)，共 8 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 頁(yè)，共 8 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成注意事項(xiàng) :只能用于復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有: clothes, trousers, pants, shoes, socks 單數(shù)名詞用于復(fù)數(shù)含義: people, public, police 特殊名詞的講解：people 作“人們，人民”解時(shí)，只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作復(fù)數(shù)。作“民族”解時(shí)，單復(fù)數(shù)不同，復(fù)數(shù)要在詞尾加s。there are five people in m

6、y family. 我家有五口人。there are fifty-six peoples in our country. 我們國(guó)家有56 個(gè)民族。clothes 等屬于無(wú)單數(shù)形式的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)作復(fù)數(shù)。例： my favorite clothes are pants. pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts ， scissors等名詞，由兩部分構(gòu)成，常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。要表示單數(shù)常用a pair of 表示，此時(shí)如作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)要作單數(shù)看待。例： your pants are blue. this pair of pants is mine. 集體名詞看作

7、整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù); 指成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。his family is a large family. 指整體his family like animals. 指成員有的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同：fish 魚(yú) fishes魚(yú)的種類 , paper紙 papers報(bào)紙， 卷子， 論文 , work 工作works 作品，工廠, glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡 , orange 桔子水oranges橙子 , light 光線lights 燈 , people人peoples 民族 , time 時(shí)間times 時(shí)代 , 次數(shù) , chicken 雞肉chickens 小雞例： hair 和 f

8、ruit 通常作單數(shù)，表示總體。my hair is black. 我的頭發(fā)是黑色的。i like fruit .it s good for you.我喜歡水果 ,水果對(duì)你的身體有好處。但如果表示若干根頭發(fā)或各種水果，則需用復(fù)數(shù)形式. homer simpson has three hairs.辛普森有三根頭發(fā)。she likes pears, peaches and other fruits. 他喜歡梨，桃和其它水果。exercise: 一）在后面加s。如： cat-cats bag-bags day-days fathers, books, americans 1、some _ are f

9、lying kites near the river. a. child b. boy c. boys d. childs 復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成特點(diǎn)例 詞通過(guò)改變?cè)~內(nèi)元音字母man men foot feet tooth teeth mouse mice（老鼠）通過(guò)在詞尾加 -en 或-ren ox oxen（牛）child children 單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同a sheep two sheep a deer two deer（鹿）a chinese two chinese（中國(guó)人）精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 頁(yè)，共 8 頁(yè) - - -

10、 - - - - - -精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 頁(yè)，共 8 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -二） x, sh, ch, s, tch后加 es。如： classclasses matchmatches box- boxes dish - dishes boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes1. there are many_(fox) in the picture. 2the _ has two _. a. boys, watches b. boy, watch c. boy

11、, watches d. boys, watch 三）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y 為 i 再加 es 如： baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, story-stories 1. their_ _(dictionary) look new.以元音字母加y 結(jié)尾的直接加s。(元音是字母a,e,i,o,u) 如： day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四）以 o結(jié)尾 (沒(méi)有生命的 )加 s（外來(lái)詞）。如：photos，zoos ,pianos, radios,（有生命的）加es：如 : tomatoe

12、s 西紅柿 , potatoes 馬鈴薯1、we need some more_. can you go and get some, please? a. potato b. potatos c. potatoes d.potatoe 2there are lots of _ in the basket on the table. a. tomatos b. tomato c. tomatoes d. tomatoss 3. lets take_ _(photo), ok? 4. i have lots of_ _(tomato) here.五）以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的變f 為 v 再加 es

13、。如： knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 1、please remember to give the horse some tree_ _. a. leafs b. leaves c. leaf d.leave 2、twelve _ _ were hurt, but no _ _ were lost in that accident. a.person;life b.people;lives c.peoples;lives d.persons;life 3

14、. the_ _(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer 鹿子 , chinese, japanese, germen 1、-are there any _ on the farm? -yes, there are some. a. horse b. duck c. chicken d. sheep 2、there are a lot of _ down there but hardly any _. a. sheeps, people b. sheep, people c. sheeps, peoples d

15、. sheep, peoples 3can you see nine _ in the picture? a. sheep b. dog c. pig d. horse 4there are four _ and two _ in the group. a. japanese, germen b. japaneses, germen c. japanese, germans d. japaneses, germans 5. how many_(sheep) are there on the hill?七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒(méi)有單數(shù)的有：people, shorts, shoes, glasses,

16、 gloves, clothes, socks 1. there are five_(people ) in his family. 2、there are a lot of _ down there but hardly any _. a. sheeps, people b.sheep, people c. sheeps, peoples d. sheep, peoples 3、twelve _ were hurt, but no _ were lost in that accident. a.person;life b.people;lives c.peoples;lives d.pers

17、ons;life 八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 頁(yè)，共 8 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 頁(yè)，共 8 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -police 警察局，警察 , class班，同學(xué) , family 家，家庭成員九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：action movie-action movies, looker-on lookers-on 1、th

18、e police investigated those _ about the accident. a. stander-by c. standers-by b. stander-bys d. standers-bys 但如果是由man 或 woman 所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如： man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 1、all the _ in the hospital got a rise last month. a.women doctors c.woman doctors b. women doctor d

19、.woman doctor 2two _ would come to the village. a.woman-doctors b.women doctor c.women doctors d.woman doctors 3. they are_(woman) doctors. 十）特殊形式的有：man-men, policeman-policemen, englishman-englishmen ，woman-women, child-children, foot-feet, mouse-mice, tooth-teeth 1、one _ of mike s was hurt in the

20、accident yesterday. a. tooth b.feet c.hand d.ear 2、the little baby has two _ already. a. tooth b. tooths c. teeth d. teeths 3. the cat caught two _ last night. a. mouses b. mice c. mouse d. mices 4the japanese _ will not leave china until she finishes her study. a. woman b. women c. man d. men 5the

21、boy often brushes his _ before he goes to bed. a. tooth b. tooths c. teeth d. teeths 6. the deer has four _. a. foot b. feet c. feets d. foots 7. the baby has only two_(tooth) now.(2)不可數(shù)名詞：包括物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞：表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的名詞。如：coffee, hair, juice, water, rice 抽象名詞： 表示狀態(tài)，品質(zhì)，動(dòng)作，感情等抽象概念的名詞。如：health, happiness,

22、 help 普通名詞專有名詞注意事項(xiàng) ：個(gè)體名詞集體名詞物質(zhì)名詞抽象名詞可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 頁(yè)，共 8 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 頁(yè)，共 8 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -1. 不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)變化,不能與 a/an 或表示具體數(shù)量的詞直接連用。這些名詞前往往加some, any, no, a little 等詞。如 ; some water/ apple juice/ milk 2.

23、 當(dāng)需要表達(dá)名詞的單位的量時(shí)候就要用：數(shù)詞 +量詞 +of+名詞來(lái)表述。用量詞修飾時(shí)，首先 要注意量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)；然后 要注意名詞是否可數(shù),不可數(shù)時(shí)用單數(shù),可數(shù)時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù),如：one bag of rice. one kilo of apples. ten bags of rice . ten kilos of apples. exercise: 1、they are thirsty. will you please give them _ ? a. some bottles of waters b. some bottles of water c. some bottle of water d.

24、 some bottle of waters 2、there is some _ on the plate(盤(pán)子 ). a. cakes b. meat c. potato d. pears 3、please pass me _. a. two glass of water b. two glasses of waters c. two glasses of water d. two glass water 4、this table is made of _. a. many glass b. glasses c. some glasses d.glass 5、mr. smith always

25、 has _ to tell us. a. some good pieces of news b. some pieces of good news c. some good piece of news d. some piece of good news 6、generally there are _ television programs for children on saturday. a.little b. much c.a large number of d.a large amount of 對(duì)量詞的提問(wèn)句型對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問(wèn)用how many；對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問(wèn)要用how

26、 much，但對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前表示數(shù)量名詞中的修飾語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí)要用how many。如：i would like two apples. how many apples would you like? i want some bread. how much bread do you want? i want three glasses of water.how many glasses of water do you want ？詢問(wèn)價(jià)格用how much ，如 : how much is the coat? how much are the coats? 二. 名詞的所有格所有格的構(gòu)成：1. 有生

27、命的名詞2. 無(wú)生命的名詞有生命的名詞（1）一般單數(shù)名詞后加s. 如： my brothers book，jacks cat，the girls pen （2）以 -s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格，只需在名詞右上方加 。如： the girls dormitory ，a teachers college 注意：在不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后，要加s.如： womens clothes. （3）如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩個(gè)人共有，在后一個(gè)名詞詞尾加s，如：tom and peters room 湯姆和彼得的房間（共有）（4） 如果一樣?xùn)|西不是共有的，兩個(gè)名詞都要加s. 如： toms and peters rooms 湯

28、姆的房間和彼得的房間（不共有）無(wú)生命名詞 : 無(wú)生命的名詞的所有格，通常用“of+ 名詞 ” 的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示。如：the windows of the room （房間的窗戶）a picture of the horse （一張馬的照片）精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 頁(yè)，共 8 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 頁(yè)，共 8 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -名詞習(xí)題一寫(xiě)出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：1. house _ 2. it _

29、3. zoo _ 4. orange _ 5. bag _ 6. exercise _ 7. brush _ 8. family _ 9. bus _ 10. city _ 11. box _ 12. baby _ 13. class _ 14. factory _ 15. glass _ 16. dictionary _ 17. watch _ 18. woman _ 19. match _ 20. man _ 21. this_ 22. german _ 23. tomato _ 24. policeman _ 25. kilo _ 26. human _ 27. potato _ 28.

30、 chinese _ 29. shelf _ 30. japanese _ 31. leaf _ 32. american _ 33. life _ 34. tooth _ 35. wife _ 36. foot _ 37. knife _ 38. sheep _ 39. half _ 40. child _ 41.tooth _ 42.mouth_ 二選擇填空：1. i want to buy _. a. two bottles of ink b. two bottle of ink c. two bottle of inks d. two bottles of inks 2. they d

31、on t have to do _ today. a. much homework b. many homeworks c. many homework d. much homeworks 3. there are three _ and seven _ in the picture. a. cows, sheeps b. cows, sheep c. cow, sheep d. cow, sheeps 4. june 1 is _. a. children s day b. children s day c. children s day d. children s day 5. _ roo

32、m is next to their parents . a. kate s and joan s b. kate s and joan c. kate and joan s d. kate and joan 6. miss green is a friend of _. a. mary s mother s b. mary s mother c. mary mother s d. mother s of mary 7. sheep _ white and milk _ also white. a. is, are b. are, is c. is, is d. are, are 8. i d

33、 like to have a glass of milk and _. a. two breads b. two pieces of breads c. two pieces of bread d. two piece of bread 9. many _ are singing over there. a. woman b. women c. girl d. child 10. he bought _. a. two pairs of shoes b. two pair of shoes c. two pairs of shoe d. two pair of shoe 11. mr. wh

34、ite has three _. a. child b. children c. childs d. childrens 12. -are these _? - no, they aren t. they re _. a.sheep, cows b. sheep, cow c. sheeps, cow d. sheeps, cows 13. there are many _ in the fridge. a. fish b. fruit c. eggs d. bread 14. - whose room is this? - it s _. a. li ming b. li ming s c.

35、 li mings d. li mings 15. here are _ for you, sue. a. potatos b. some potatoes c. three tomatos d. some tomato 16. here are some birthday cards with our best _ for her. a. wish b. hope c. wishes d. hopes 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 頁(yè)，共 8 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - -

36、 - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 頁(yè)，共 8 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -17. i always go to that _ to buy food on sunday. a. shop b. park c. zoo d. garden 18. _ room is on the 5th floor. a. lucy and lily b. lucy and lily s c. lucy s and lily d. lucy s andlily s 19. mum, i m quite thirsty. please give me _. a. two orange b

37、. two bottle of oranges c. two bottles of orange d. two bottles of oranges 20. 10. the cat caught two _ last night. a. mouses b. mice c. mouse d. mices 21. i met some _ in the park and talked with them the other day. a. janpaneses b. american c. chineses d. english 22. there are two _ in the room. a

38、. shelf b. shelfs c. shelfes d. shelves 23. there are seven _ in a week. a. years b. months c. days d. minutes 24. my father is a _. he works in a hospital. a. teacher b. doctor c. farmer d. writer 25. - excuse me, are you _? - yes, i m from _. a. japan, japanese b. china, chinese c. england, englis

39、h d. american, america 26. they are _ jackets. a. lucy s b. lucy 27. what color is _ coat. a. peter s b. peter 28. these are _ books. a. teachers s b. teachers 29. they are _ ice creams a. children b. childrens30. this is _ bag. a. tom and peter b.tom s and peter s 31. where are _ . a. the school s

40、students b. students of the school 32. those are _ bags. a. drivers s b. drivers33.this bag is _ . a. mary s and tom s b. mary and toms34. _ fathers are coming. a. mary s and kate s b. mary s and kate c. mary and kates35.how _ are these books? a. many b. much 36. this pair of pants _ blue. i like _

41、very much. a. is, it b. are, them c. is, them d. are, it 37.how _ glasses of water do you want? a. many b. much 38. this is _. a. mike and jims bike b. mikes and jim bike c. mikes and jims bike d. mike and jim bike 39. these are _. a. amy and lingling s room b. amy s and lingling s roomc. amy s and lingling s rooms d. amy and lingling s room40. my _