必修三BookUnithealthyeating語(yǔ)法grammar實(shí)用教案

1、第二(d r)課時(shí)Learning about LanguageUnit 2情態(tài)情態(tài)(qngti)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞()第1頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第一頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。觀察句子，寫明情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。By now his restaurant ought to be full of people.(ought to意義：_；此處指_，具有(jyu)一定的針對(duì)性)What could have happened?(could have done用于_，表示對(duì)_的猜測(cè))Something terrible must have happened.(must have done用于_，表示對(duì)_的肯定推測(cè))He could no

2、t believe his eyes.(could意義：_，強(qiáng)調(diào)_)應(yīng)該(ynggi)按理應(yīng)當(dāng)(yngdng)如何疑問(wèn)句過(guò)去發(fā)生動(dòng)作肯定句過(guò)去發(fā)生動(dòng)作能夠能力第2頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第二頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。一、基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)撥1ought to的用法(1)ought to“應(yīng)該”。與should相比較ought to語(yǔ)氣重，偏重“責(zé)任，義務(wù)，道德，法律”等方面。如：To keep fit, we ought to learn more about our body.為了(wi le)保持健康，我們應(yīng)該多了解我們的身體。(2)ought to還可表示可能性。如：It ought to be a close game.

3、那很可能是場(chǎng)勢(shì)均力敵的比賽。第3頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第三頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。名師點(diǎn)撥用ought to表示推斷時(shí)，語(yǔ)氣較肯定，通常指的是一種合乎邏輯的可能性(與should表推斷時(shí)相似)，有時(shí)可譯為“準(zhǔn)是”(但語(yǔ)氣比must要弱)。(3)ought to的否定形式為ought not to或oughtnt to，其一般疑問(wèn)句形式是將ought置于主語(yǔ)前。You oughtnt/ought not to scold him.你不該責(zé)備他。(4)在附加疑問(wèn)句中，ought(nt) to中的to要省去。在美語(yǔ)中常用shouldnt代替oughtnt。We ought to go now, oughtnt/shou

4、ldnt we?我們(w men)現(xiàn)在該走了，是吧？第4頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第四頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。2have to的用法have to“不得不”。有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，其否定形式和疑問(wèn)形式需要借助助動(dòng)詞do。如：His mother is ill. He has to stay at home to look after her.他媽媽(m m)病了，他得待在家里照顧他。易混辨析have to側(cè)重客觀需要；有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化must說(shuō)話人的主觀看法I have to go now, for my mother is ill.現(xiàn)在我不得不走了，因?yàn)槲覌寢屔?shng bng)了。I must sto

5、p smoking.我一定要戒煙。第5頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第五頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。名師點(diǎn)撥have to的否定式為dont have to，表示“沒(méi)有義務(wù)(yw)或沒(méi)有必要做某事”，意為“不必”，常可以回答must提問(wèn)的一般疑問(wèn)句。而must的否定式mustnt表示“禁止”。They dont have to worry about the nuclear radiation.他們沒(méi)有必要擔(dān)心核輻射。You mustnt come here without permission.未經(jīng)允許，你不能來(lái)這兒。第6頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第六頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。3need的用法(1)need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后跟動(dòng)詞原形，表示“需要，有

6、必要(byo)”，無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化，多用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或條件句中。如：You neednt go there now. 你現(xiàn)在不必去那兒。Need I go there now? 我現(xiàn)在需要去那兒?jiǎn)?？名師點(diǎn)撥由need引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句的肯定(kndng)回答常用must或have to，否定回答常用neednt或dont have to。Need I hand in my paper now? 我現(xiàn)在需要交上論文嗎？Yes, you must./No, you neednt (dont have to)是的，你必須。/不，你不需要。第7頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第七頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。(2)作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，同其他

7、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一樣，可用于各種句式( j sh)，有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、數(shù)的變化，構(gòu)成否定句和疑問(wèn)句時(shí)要借助于助動(dòng)詞do。We need to help him.我們得幫助他。We dont need to tell him the truth.我們不必告訴他真相。第8頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第八頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。名師點(diǎn)撥(din bo)當(dāng)need作“需要”講時(shí)，其后跟不定式的被動(dòng)形式相當(dāng)于跟v.ing的主動(dòng)形式，在這一點(diǎn)上，與want和require作“需要”講時(shí)一樣。v.ing的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義，need的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是動(dòng)詞ing形式的承受者，因此必須是及物動(dòng)詞的ing形式，若為不及物動(dòng)詞其后應(yīng)跟介詞。The hous

8、e needs/wants/requires repairing/to be repaired.這所房子需要修葺。第9頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第九頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。易混辨析試比較(bjio)：She neednt have come yesterday.她昨天本不必來(lái)。(實(shí)際上來(lái)了)She didnt need to come yesterday.她昨天不必來(lái)。(實(shí)際上也沒(méi)來(lái))neednt havedone表示過(guò)去本來(lái)沒(méi)必要干某事而實(shí)際上卻干了。didnt need to表示過(guò)去沒(méi)必要干某事而實(shí)際上也沒(méi)有干。第10頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第十頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。二、難點(diǎn)突破情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done的用法1must have

9、done用于肯定句，表示“過(guò)去一定(ydng)做過(guò)某事”。She must have been very beautiful when she got married.她結(jié)婚時(shí)一定(ydng)很漂亮。第11頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第十一頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。2can have done一般(ybn)用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，用于表示對(duì)過(guò)去所發(fā)生事情的推測(cè)。could have done用于肯定句時(shí)，表示“本有能力做某事而未做”。He cannot have left.His bag is still in the room.他絕不可能走了。他的包還在屋里呢。In my view，this accident could

10、 have been prevented.依我看，這次事故本來(lái)是可以避免的。(卻發(fā)生了)第12頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第十二頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。3Should (ought to) have done表示“過(guò)去本應(yīng)該做某事而(實(shí)際上)沒(méi)有做”，含有責(zé)備或遺憾的語(yǔ)氣；其否定形式表示某種行為不該(b i)發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。They ought to have been more careful.他們本該更小心些。(卻沒(méi)有)You ought not to have told him the bad news.你本不該(b i)告訴他這個(gè)壞消息。(卻告訴了他)第13頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第十三頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。4may/might h

11、ave done表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)，意思是“也許已經(jīng)(y jing)做了某事，可能已經(jīng)(y jing)做了某事”，多用在肯定句中，用might時(shí)表示語(yǔ)氣更加不肯定。She might have taken it home.她可能把它帶回家了。5neednt have done表示“本不必做某事而實(shí)際上做了”。He neednt have gone there yesterday.他昨天其實(shí)不必去那兒的。(卻去了)第14頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第十四頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。課堂達(dá)標(biāo)驗(yàn)收第15頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第十五頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。1(2012天津，8)Its quite warm here; we_ turn the

12、 heating on yet.AcouldntBmustntCneednt Dwouldnt答案：C本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意：這兒非常暖和；我們不必開(kāi)暖氣(nunq)。couldnt 不可能； mustnt 禁止，不可以；neednt不必；wouldnt將不會(huì)。根據(jù)句意，C項(xiàng)正確。第16頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第十六頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。2(2012江蘇，35)Happy birthday!Thank you! Its the best present I _ for. Ashould have wished Bmust have wished Cmay have wished Dcould have wi

13、shed答案：D考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：祝你生日快樂(lè)！謝謝！這是我能想到的最好的禮物(lw)。could have done能夠做某事；should have done本該做但未做；must have done過(guò)去肯定做了；may have done或許做了。第17頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第十七頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。3(2010陜西，23)May I take this book out of the reading room?No，you_.You read it in here.AmightntBwontCneedntDmustnt答案：D句意“我可以把書帶出閱覽室嗎？”“不，不可以，你應(yīng)在這里讀”。由句意知，m

14、ustnt “禁止( jnzh)，不許”符合句意 。第18頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第十八頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。4(2010安徽，32)Jack described his father, who_a brave boy many years ago, as a strongwilled man.Awould beBwould have beenCmust beDmust have been答案(d n)：D句意：杰克把父親描述成一個(gè)意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人，父親多年前一定是個(gè)勇敢的男孩。表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，要用must have done結(jié)構(gòu)，故選D。第19頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第十九頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。5(2010遼寧，26)Docto

15、rs say that exercise is important for health, but it_be regular exercise.AcanBwillCmustDmay答案：C句意：醫(yī)生說(shuō)鍛煉對(duì)身體很重要，但是必須是經(jīng)常鍛煉。本題考查情態(tài)(qngti)動(dòng)詞。can表可能，用于否定句中；must“必須”；may“可能”。第20頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第二十頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。6(2012江西，22)We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.Amay notBneedntCcantDmustnt答案：

16、B考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：既然( jrn)Suzie不和我們一起吃飯，那么我們本不必買那么多食物。neednt have done本不必做；may not have done 或許沒(méi)有做；cant have done不可能做；must have done過(guò)去肯定做了。第21頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第二十一頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。7(2010山東，25)I_have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams.AshouldntBneedntCcouldntDmustnt答案：A考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(dngc)。句意：我不該看那部電影的，那會(huì)讓我做噩夢(mèng)。shouldnt“不應(yīng)該”

17、；neednt“不必”；couldnt“不可能”；mustnt不與have done連用。第22頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第二十二頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。8He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _ it differently.Acould expressBwould expressCcould have expressedDmust have expressed答案(d n)：C表示過(guò)去本可以做到某事，應(yīng)用could have done結(jié)構(gòu)。第23頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第二十三頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。9What sort of house do you want t

18、o have？Something big?Well, it_be bigthats not important.AmustntBneedntCcantDwont答案：B本題考查情態(tài)(qngti)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為“你想要什么樣的房子？大的嗎？”“噢，大可不必那不重要”。mustnt“一定不要”；neednt“不必”；cant表示“不能”；wont“不會(huì)”。因此B正確。第24頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第二十四頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。10Im sorry. I_at you the other day.Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.Ashouldnt shout

19、Bshouldnt have shoutedCmustnt shoutDmustnt have shouted答案：B由第一個(gè)人說(shuō)的話可知說(shuō)話人為過(guò)去(the other day“幾天前”)做的事情后悔(huhu)，即“過(guò)去做了不應(yīng)該做的事情”。因此只有B正確。第25頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第二十五頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。11Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?It_be, but it is now heavily polluted.AwillBwouldCshouldDmust答案(d n)：C根據(jù)語(yǔ)義應(yīng)選should“應(yīng)當(dāng)；應(yīng)該”。第26頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第二十六頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。12She looks very happy. She_have passed the exam.I guess so. Its not difficult after all.AshouldBcouldCmustDmight答案：Cmust have done sth表示(biosh)對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定推測(cè)。第27頁(yè)/共30頁(yè)第二十七頁(yè)，共31頁(yè)。13I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I_h