積一些金融英語長一些財(cái)經(jīng)知識(shí)

1、集一些金融英語，長一些財(cái)經(jīng)知識(shí) Average revenue per user (APRU) 單個(gè)客戶貢獻(xiàn)度AU資產(chǎn)利用率ER 費(fèi)用比率 AU-ER=ROA ROA*EM=ROEEM 股權(quán)乘數(shù)division of labor 勞動(dòng)分工commodity money 商品貨幣legal tender 法定貨幣fiat money 法定通貨a medium of exchange 交換媒介legal sanction 法律制裁face value 面值liquid assets 流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)illiquid assets 非流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)the liquidity scale 流動(dòng)性指標(biāo)real est

2、ate 不動(dòng)產(chǎn)checking accounts,demand deposit,checkable deposit 活期存款time deposit 定期存款negotiable order of withdrawal accounts 大額可轉(zhuǎn)讓提款單money market mutual funds 貨幣市場(chǎng)互助基金repurchase agreements 回購協(xié)議certificate of deposits 存單bond 債券stock 股票travelers'checks 旅行支票small-denomination time deposits 小額定期存款large-de

3、nomination time deposits 大額定期存款bank overnight repurchase agreements 銀行隔夜回購協(xié)議bank long-term repurchase agreements 銀行長期回購協(xié)議thrift institutions 存款機(jī)構(gòu)financial institution 金融機(jī)構(gòu)commercial banks 商業(yè)銀行a means of payment 支付手段a store of value 儲(chǔ)藏手段a standard of value 價(jià)值標(biāo)準(zhǔn) reserve 儲(chǔ)備note 票據(jù)discount 貼現(xiàn)circulate 流

4、通central bank 中央銀行the Federal Reserve System 聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備系統(tǒng)credit union 信用合作社paper currency 紙幣credit creation 信用創(chuàng)造branch banking 銀行分行制unit banking 單一銀行制out of circulation 退出流通capital stock 股本at par 以票面價(jià)值計(jì)electronic banking 電子銀行banking holding company 公司銀行the gold standard 金本位the Federal Reserve Board 聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備委員

5、會(huì)the stock market crash 股市風(fēng)暴reserve ratio 準(zhǔn)備金比率deficit 虧損roll 展期wholesale 批發(fā)default 不履約auction 拍賣collateralize 擔(dān)保markup 價(jià)格的漲幅dealer 交易員broker 經(jīng)紀(jì)人pension funds 養(yǎng)老基金face amount 面值commerical paper 商業(yè)票據(jù)banker's acceptance 銀行承兌匯票Fed fund 聯(lián)邦基金eurodollar 歐洲美元treasury bills 國庫券floating-rate 浮動(dòng)比率fixed-ra

6、te 固定比率default risk 拖欠風(fēng)險(xiǎn)credit rating 信譽(yù)級(jí)別tax collection 稅收money market 貨幣市場(chǎng)capital market 資本市場(chǎng)original maturity 原始到期期限surplus funds 過?；鸷暧^經(jīng)濟(jì)的 macroeconomic通貨膨脹 inflation破產(chǎn) insolvency有償還債務(wù)能力的 solvent合同 contract匯率 exchange rate緊縮信貸 tighten credit creation私營部門 private sector財(cái)政管理機(jī)構(gòu) fiscal authorities寬松

7、的財(cái)政政策 slack fiscal policy稅法 tax bill財(cái)政 public finance財(cái)政部 the Ministry of Finance平衡預(yù)算 balanced budget繼承稅 inheritance tax貨幣主義者 monetariest增值稅 VAT (value added tax)收入 revenue總需求 aggregate demand貨幣化 monetization赤字 deficit經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣 recession a period when the economy of a country is not successful, business

8、conditions are bad, industrial production and trade are at a low level and there is a lot of unemployment 經(jīng)濟(jì)好轉(zhuǎn) turnabout復(fù)蘇 recovery成本推進(jìn)型 cost push貨幣供應(yīng) money supply生產(chǎn)率 productivity勞動(dòng)力 labor force實(shí)際工資 real wages成本推進(jìn)式通貨膨脹 cost-push inflation需求拉動(dòng)式通貨膨脹 demand-pull inflation雙位數(shù)通貨膨脹 double- digit inflation

9、極度通貨膨脹 hyperinflation長期通貨膨脹 chronic inflation治理通貨膨脹 to fight inflation最終目標(biāo) ultimate goal壞的影響 adverse effect擔(dān)保 ensure貼現(xiàn) discount蕭條的 sluggish認(rèn)購 subscribe to支票帳戶 checking account貨幣控制工具 instruments of monetry control 借據(jù) IOUs(I owe you)本票 promissory notes貨幣總監(jiān) controller of the currency拖收系統(tǒng) collection sys

10、tem支票清算或結(jié)算 check clearing資金劃撥 transfer of funds可以相信的證明 credentials 改革 fashion被纏住 entangled貨幣聯(lián)盟 Monetary Union再購協(xié)議 repo精明的討價(jià)還價(jià)交易 horse-trading歐元 euro公共債務(wù) membership criteria匯率機(jī)制 REM儲(chǔ)備貨幣 reserve currency勞動(dòng)密集型 labor-intensive股票交易所 bourse競(jìng)爭(zhēng)領(lǐng)先 frontrun牛市 bull market非凡的牛市 a raging bull規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì) scale economcie

11、s買方出價(jià)與賣方要價(jià)之間的差價(jià) bid-ask spreads期貨（股票） futures經(jīng)濟(jì)商行 brokerage firm回報(bào)率 rate of return股票 equities違約 default現(xiàn)金外流 cash drains經(jīng)濟(jì)人傭金 brokerage fee存款單 CD(certificate of deposit)營業(yè)額 turnover資本市場(chǎng) capital market布雷頓森林體系 The Bretton Woods System經(jīng)常帳戶 current account套利者 arbitrager遠(yuǎn)期匯率 forward exchange rate即期匯率 spot

12、 rate實(shí)際利率 real interest rates貨幣政策工具 tools of monetary policy銀行倒閉 bank failures跨國公司 MNC ( Multi-National Corporation)商業(yè)銀行 commercial bank商業(yè)票據(jù) comercial paper利潤 profit本票，期票 promissory notes監(jiān)督 to monitor傭金（經(jīng)濟(jì)人） commission brokers套期保值 hedge有價(jià)證券平衡理論 portfolio balance theory外匯儲(chǔ)備 foreign exchange reserves固

13、定匯率 fixed exchange rate浮動(dòng)匯率 floating/flexible exchange rate貨幣選擇權(quán)（期貨） currency option套利 arbitrage合約價(jià) exercise price遠(yuǎn)期升水 forward premium多頭買升 buying long空頭賣跌 selling short按市價(jià)訂購股票 market order股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人 stockbroker國際貨幣基金 the IMF七國集團(tuán) the G-7監(jiān)督 surveillance同業(yè)拆借市場(chǎng) interbank market可兌換性 convertibility軟通貨 soft cur

14、rency限制 restriction交易 transaction充分需求 adequate demand短期外債 short term external debt匯率機(jī)制 exchange rate regime直接標(biāo)價(jià) direct quotes資本流動(dòng)性 mobility of capital赤字 deficit 本國貨幣 domestic currency外匯交易市場(chǎng) foreign exchange market國際儲(chǔ)備 international reserve利率 interest rate資產(chǎn) assets國際收支 balance of payments貿(mào)易差額 balance

15、 of trade繁榮 boom債券 bond資本 captial資本支出 captial expenditures商品 commodities商品交易所 commodity exchange期貨合同 commodity futures contract普通股票 common stock聯(lián)合大企業(yè) conglomerate貨幣貶值 currency devaluation通貨緊縮 deflation折舊 depreciation貼現(xiàn)率 discount rate歸個(gè)人支配的收入 disposable personal income從業(yè)人員 employed person匯率 exchange

16、rate財(cái)政年度fiscal year自由企業(yè) free enterprise國民生產(chǎn)總值 gross antional product庫存 inventory勞動(dòng)力人數(shù) labor force債務(wù) liabilities市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì) market economy合并 merger貨幣收入 money income跨國公司 Multinational Corproation個(gè)人收入 personal income優(yōu)先股票 preferred stock價(jià)格收益比率 price-earning ratio優(yōu)惠貸款利率 prime rate利潤 profit回報(bào) return on investmen

17、t使貨幣升值 revaluation薪水 salary季節(jié)性調(diào)整 seasonal adjustment關(guān)稅 tariff失業(yè)人員 unemployed person效用 utility價(jià)值 value工資 wages工資價(jià)格螺旋上升 wage-price spiral收益 yield補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易 compensatory trade, compensated deal儲(chǔ)蓄銀行 saving banks歐洲聯(lián)盟 the European Union單一的實(shí)體 a single entity抵押貸款 mortgage lending業(yè)主產(chǎn)權(quán) owner's equity普通股 common

18、stock無形資產(chǎn) intangible assets收益表 income statement 營業(yè)開支 operating expenses行政開支 administrative expenses現(xiàn)金收支一覽表 statement of cash flow貿(mào)易中的存貨 inventory收益 proceeds投資銀行 investment bank機(jī)構(gòu)投資者 institutional investor壟斷兼并委員會(huì) MMC招標(biāo)發(fā)行 issue by tender定向發(fā)行 introduction代銷 offer for sale直銷 placing公開發(fā)行 public issue信貸額度

19、 credit line國際債券 international bonds歐洲貨幣Eurocurrency利差 interest margin以所借的錢作抵押所獲之貸款 leveraged loan權(quán)利股發(fā)行 rights issues凈收入比例結(jié)合 net income gearingbig macs,big/large-cap stock,mega-issue 大盤股offering,list 上市bourse 證交所corporate champion 龍頭企業(yè)Shanghai Exchange 上海證交所pension fund 養(yǎng)老基金mutual fund 共同基金hedge mut

20、ual fund 對(duì)沖式共同基金share 股票valuation 股價(jià)underwriter 保險(xiǎn)商government bond 政府債券saving account 儲(chǔ)蓄帳戶equity market 股市 shareholder 股東delist 摘牌mongey-loser 虧損企業(yè)inventory 存貨traded company,trading enterprise 上市公司stakeholder 利益相關(guān)者transparency 透明度Msnbc:Microsoft national broadcast 微軟全國廣播公司market fundamentalist 市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)基

21、本規(guī)則damage-contral machinery 安全顧問efficient market 有效市場(chǎng)intellectual property 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)opportunistic practice 投機(jī)行為WorldCom 世通公司bribery 行賄entrepreneur 企業(yè)家cook the book 做假帳regulatory system 監(jiān)管體系audit 審計(jì)accounting firm 會(huì)計(jì)事務(wù)所Great Depression 大蕭條portfolio 投資組合money-market 短期資本市場(chǎng)capitual-market 長期資本市場(chǎng)volatility 波

22、動(dòng)diversification 多元化commodity 期貨real estate 房地產(chǎn)option 期權(quán)call option 看漲期權(quán)put option 看跌期權(quán)merger 并購arbitrage 套利Securities&Exchange Commission 美證券交易委員會(huì)dollar standard 美元本位制flight 貶值budget 預(yù)算deficit 赤字bad debt 壞帳output 產(chǎn)值macroeconomic 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)fiscal stimulus 財(cái)政刺激a store of value 保值transaction currency 結(jié)算

23、貨幣forward exchange 期貨交易intervention currency 干預(yù)貨幣Treasury bond 財(cái)政部公債currnt-account 經(jīng)常項(xiàng)目pickup in rice 物價(jià)上漲Federal Reserve 美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)inflation 通貨膨脹deflation 通貨緊縮tighter credit 緊縮信貸monetary policy 貨幣政策awash in excess capacity 生產(chǎn)力過剩foreigh exchange 外匯spot transaction 即期交易forward transaction 遠(yuǎn)期交易o(hù)ption forward

24、 transaction 擇期交易swap transaction 調(diào)期交易quote 報(bào)價(jià)settlment and delivery 交割buying rate 買入價(jià)selling rate 賣出價(jià)spread 差幅contract 合同at par 平價(jià)premium 升水discount 貼水direct quoation method 直接報(bào)價(jià)法indirect quoation method 間接報(bào)價(jià)法dividend 股息domestic currency 本幣floating rate 浮動(dòng)利率parent company 母公司credit swap 互惠貸款venture

25、 capital 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本virtual value 虛擬價(jià)值physical good 物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品abstract good 抽象產(chǎn)品Patent&Trademark Office 專利與商標(biāo)局book value 帳面價(jià)值physical capital 實(shí)際資本IPO:initial public offering 新股首發(fā)job machine 就業(yè)市場(chǎng)welfare capitalism 福利資本主義collective market cap 市場(chǎng)資本總值golbal corporation 跨國公司transnational status 跨國優(yōu)勢(shì)transfer price

26、 轉(zhuǎn)讓價(jià)格General Accounting Office 美會(huì)計(jì)總會(huì)consolidation 兼并leveraged 杠桿 Accounting system 會(huì)計(jì)系統(tǒng) American Accounting Association 美國會(huì)計(jì)協(xié)會(huì) American Institute of CPAs 美國注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師協(xié)會(huì) Audit 審計(jì) Balance sheet 資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表 Bookkeepking 簿記 Cash flow prospects 現(xiàn)金流量預(yù)測(cè) Certificate in Internal Auditing 內(nèi)部審計(jì)證書 Certificate in Managemen

27、t Accounting 管理會(huì)計(jì)證書 Certificate Public Accountant注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師 Cost accounting 成本會(huì)計(jì) External users 外部使用者 Financial accounting 財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì) Financial Accounting Standards Board 財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(huì) Financial forecast 財(cái)務(wù)預(yù)測(cè) Generally accepted accounting principles 公認(rèn)會(huì)計(jì)原則 General-purpose information 通用目的信息 Government Accounting O

28、ffice 政府會(huì)計(jì)辦公室 Income statement 損益表 Institute of Internal Auditors 內(nèi)部審計(jì)師協(xié)會(huì) Institute of Management Accountants 管理會(huì)計(jì)師協(xié)會(huì) Integrity 整合性 Internal auditing 內(nèi)部審計(jì) Internal control structure 內(nèi)部控制結(jié)構(gòu) Internal Revenue Service 國內(nèi)收入署 Internal users 內(nèi)部使用者 Management accounting 管理會(huì)計(jì) Return of investment 投資回報(bào) Return

29、 on investment 投資報(bào)酬 Securities and Exchange Commission 證券交易委員會(huì) Statement of cash flow 現(xiàn)金流量表 Statement of financial position 財(cái)務(wù)狀況表 Tax accounting 稅務(wù)會(huì)計(jì) Accounting equation 會(huì)計(jì)等式 Articulation 勾稽關(guān)系 Assets 資產(chǎn) Business entity 企業(yè)個(gè)體 Capital stock 股本 Corporation 公司 Cost principle 成本原則 Creditor 債權(quán)人 Deflation 通

30、貨緊縮 Disclosure 批露 Expenses 費(fèi)用 Efficiency Ratio 成本收入比/效率比率Financial statement 財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表 Financial activities 籌資活動(dòng) Going-concern assumption 持續(xù)經(jīng)營假設(shè) Inflation 通貨膨漲 Investing activities 投資活動(dòng) Liabilities 負(fù)債 Negative cash flow 負(fù)現(xiàn)金流量 Operating activities 經(jīng)營活動(dòng) Owner's equity 所有者權(quán)益 Partnership 合伙企業(yè) Positive ca

31、sh flow 正現(xiàn)金流量 Retained earning 留存利潤 Revenue 收入 Sole proprietorship 獨(dú)資企業(yè) Solvency 清償能力 Stable-dollar assumption 穩(wěn)定貨幣假設(shè) Stockholders 股東 Stockholders' equity 股東權(quán)益 Window dressing 門面粉飾 Account 帳acquiring company 收購公司 bad loan 呆帳 chart of cash flow 現(xiàn)金流量表 clearly-established ownership 產(chǎn)權(quán)清晰 debt to equ

32、ity 債轉(zhuǎn)股 diversity of equities 股權(quán)多元化 economy of scale 規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì) emerging economies 新興經(jīng)濟(jì) exchange-rate regime 匯率機(jī)制 fund and financing 籌資融資 global financial architecture 全球金融體系 global integration, globality 全球一體化，全球化 go public 上市 growth spurt （經(jīng)濟(jì)的）急劇增長 have one's "two commas" 百萬富翁 hedge agains

33、t 套期保值 housing mortgage 住房按揭 holdings 控股，所持股份 holding company 控股公司 initial offerings 原始股 initial public offerings（IPO） 首次公募 innovative business 創(chuàng)新企業(yè) intellectual capital 智力資本 inter-bank lending 拆借 internet customer 網(wǎng)上客戶 investment payoff period 投資回收期 joint-stock 參股 mall rat 愛逛商店的年輕人 means of product

34、ion 生產(chǎn)要素 (the)medical cost social pool for major diseases 大病醫(yī)療費(fèi)用社會(huì)統(tǒng)籌 mergers and acquisitions 并購 mobile-phone banking 移動(dòng)電話銀行業(yè) moods 人氣 net potato 網(wǎng)蟲 net charge-offset 貸款核銷率non-store seling 直銷 offering 新股 online-banking 網(wǎng)上銀行業(yè) online-finance 在線金融 online client （銀行的）網(wǎng)上客戶 paper profit 帳面收益 physical asse

35、ts 有形資產(chǎn) project fund system 項(xiàng)目資本金制度 pyramid sale 傳銷 recapitalize 資產(chǎn)重組 regional currency blocks 地區(qū)貨幣集團(tuán) regulate 調(diào)控 return on assets（ROA） 總資產(chǎn)收益率return on Equity /Earning(EOE) 凈資產(chǎn)收益率R&D research and development 研究與開發(fā)sell off 變現(xiàn) share(stock) option 期權(quán)，股票認(rèn)購權(quán) smart card 智能卡 slash prices 殺價(jià) spare capac

36、ity 閑置的生產(chǎn)能力 strong growth 強(qiáng)勁的增長勢(shì)頭 switch trade 轉(zhuǎn)手貿(mào)易 takepublic 上市 tap the idle assets 盤活存量資產(chǎn) transaction （銀行的） 交易 transfer payment from the exchequer 財(cái)政轉(zhuǎn)移支付 venture-capital 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本 virtual bank 虛擬銀行 wire transfer 電子轉(zhuǎn)帳 A 安全網(wǎng) safety net 按可比口徑 on comparable basis 按輕重緩急 to prioritize 暗補(bǔ) implicit subsidy 暗虧

37、 hidden loss B 頒發(fā)營業(yè)執(zhí)照 to license;to grant a licence to 辦理存款業(yè)務(wù) to take deposits 保護(hù)農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)積極性 to protect farmers'incentive to produce 備付金（超額準(zhǔn)備金） excess reserves 本外幣并賬 consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts 本外幣對(duì)沖操作 sterilization operation 本位利益 localized interest;departmentalism 奔小康 to

38、 strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do 避稅（請(qǐng)見“逃稅”） tax avoidance 幣種搭配不當(dāng) currency mismatch 幣種構(gòu)成 currency composition 變相社會(huì)集資 disguised irregular（or illegal） fund raising 表外科目（業(yè)務(wù)） off-balance-sheet items（operation） 薄弱環(huán)節(jié) weaknesses;loopholes 不變成本 fixed cost 不變價(jià) at constant price;in real terms

39、不動(dòng)產(chǎn) real estate 不良貸款（資產(chǎn)） problem loans；non-performing loans（assets）C 財(cái)務(wù)公司 finance companies 財(cái)政赤字 fiscal deficit 財(cái)政擠銀行 fiscal pressure on the central bank（over monetary policy） 財(cái)政政策與貨幣政策的配合 coordination of fiscal and monetary policies 采取循序漸進(jìn)的方法 in a phased and sequenced manner 操作彈性 operational flexib

40、ility 操縱匯率 to manipulate exchange rate 產(chǎn)品構(gòu)成 product composition;product mix 產(chǎn)品積壓 stock pile;excessive inventory 產(chǎn)銷率 current period inventory;（即期庫存，不含前期庫存）sales/output ratio 產(chǎn)銷銜接 marketability 產(chǎn)業(yè)政策 industrial policy 長期國債 treasury bonds 敞口頭寸 open position 炒股 to speculate in the stock market 承購包銷 under

41、write（securities） 成套機(jī)電產(chǎn)品 complete sets of equipment;complete plant（s） 城市信用社 urban credit cooperatives（UCCs） 城市合作銀行 urban cooperative banks;municipal united banks 城市商業(yè)銀行 municipal commercial banks 城鄉(xiāng)居民收入增長超過物價(jià)漲幅 real growth in household income 持續(xù)升溫 persistent overheating 重復(fù)布點(diǎn) duplicate projects 重置成本

42、replacement cost 重組計(jì)劃 restructuring plan 籌資渠道 funding sources;financing channels 初見成效 initial success 出口統(tǒng)一管理、歸口經(jīng)營 canalization of exports 出口退稅 export tax rebate 儲(chǔ)蓄存款 household deposits（不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。） 儲(chǔ)蓄分流 diversion of household deposits 儲(chǔ)源萎縮 decline in the availability of

43、household savings 傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制 transmission mechanism 從價(jià)稅 ad valorem tax 從緊控制 tight control 存貸款比例 loan/deposit ratio 存款保險(xiǎn)體系 deposit insurance system 存款貨幣銀行 deposit money banks 存款準(zhǔn)備金 required reserves D 打白條 issue IOU 大額存單 certificate of deposit（CD） 大額提現(xiàn) withdraw deposits in large amounts 大面積滑坡 wide-spread de

44、cline 大一統(tǒng)的銀行體制 （all-in-one）mono-bank system 呆賬（請(qǐng)見“壞賬”） bad loans 呆賬準(zhǔn)備金 loan loss reserves（provisions） 呆滯貸款 idle loans 貸款沉淀 non-performing loans 貸款分類 loan classification 貸款限額管理 credit control;to impose credit ceiling 貸款約束機(jī)制 credit disciplinary（constraint）mechanism 代理國庫 to act as fiscal agent 代理金融機(jī)構(gòu)貸款

45、 make loans on behalf of other institutions 戴帽貸款 ear-marked loans 倒逼機(jī)制 reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition 道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn) moral hazard 地區(qū)差別 regional disparity 第一產(chǎn)業(yè) the primary industry 第二產(chǎn)業(yè) the secondary industry 第三產(chǎn)業(yè) the service industry;the tertiary industry 遞延資產(chǎn) deferrable a

46、ssets 訂貨不足 insufficient orders 定期存款 time deposits 定向募集 raising funds from targeted sources 東道國（請(qǐng)見“母國”） host country 獨(dú)立核算 independent accounting 短期國債 treasury bills 對(duì)沖操作 sterilization operation;hedging 對(duì)非金融部門債權(quán) claims on non-financial sector 多種所有制形式 diversified ownership E 惡性通貨膨脹 hyperinflation 二級(jí)市場(chǎng)

47、secondary market F 發(fā)行貨幣 to issue currency 發(fā)行總股本 total stock issue 法定準(zhǔn)備金 required reserves;reserve requirement 法人股 institutional shares 法人股東 institutional shareholders 法治 rule of law 房地產(chǎn)投資 real estate investment 放松銀根 to ease monetary policy 非現(xiàn)場(chǎng)稽核 off-site surveillance（or monitoring） 非銀行金融機(jī)構(gòu) non-bank

48、financial institutions 非贏利性機(jī)構(gòu) non-profit organizations 分稅制 assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system 分業(yè)經(jīng)營 segregation of financial business（services）;division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)暴露（風(fēng)險(xiǎn)敞口） risk exposure 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理 risk management 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí) risk aware

49、ness 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本比例 risk-weighted capital ratios 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本標(biāo)準(zhǔn) risk-based capital standard 服務(wù)事業(yè)收入 public service charges;user's charges 扶貧 poverty alleviation 負(fù)增長 negative growth 復(fù)式預(yù)算制 double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary accountG 改革試點(diǎn) reform experimentation 杠桿率 leverage ratio 杠桿收購 leveraged bu

50、yout 高息集資 to raise funds by offering high interest 個(gè)人股 non-institutional shares 根本扭轉(zhuǎn) fundamental turnaround（or reversal） 公開市場(chǎng)操作 open market operations 公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts 公用事業(yè) public utilities 公有經(jīng)濟(jì) the state-owned sector;the public sector 公有制 public ownership 工業(yè)成本利潤率 profi

51、t-to-cost ratio 工業(yè)增加值 industrial value added 供大于求 supply exceeding demand;excessive supply 鼓勵(lì)措施 incentives 股份合作企業(yè) joint-equity cooperative enterprises 股份制企業(yè) joint-equity enterprises 股份制銀行 joint-equity banks 固定資產(chǎn)貸款 fixed asset loans 關(guān)稅減免 tariff reduction and exemption 關(guān)稅減讓 tariff concessions 關(guān)稅優(yōu)惠 tar

52、iff incentives;preferential tariff treatment 規(guī)范行為 to regularize（or standardize）behavior 規(guī)模效益 economies of scale 國計(jì)民生 national interest and people's livelihood 國家對(duì)個(gè)人其他支出 other government outlays to individuals 國家風(fēng)險(xiǎn) country risk 國際分工 international division of labor 國際收支 balance of payments 國有獨(dú)資商業(yè)銀

53、行 wholly state-owned commercial banks 國有經(jīng)濟(jì)（部門） the state-owned（or public）sector 國有企業(yè) state-owned enterprises（SOEs） 國有制 state-ownership 國有資產(chǎn)流失 erosion of state assets 國債回購 government securities repurchase 國債一級(jí)自營商 primary underwriters of government securities 過度競(jìng)爭(zhēng) excessive competition 過度膨脹 excessive expansion 過熱跡象 signs of overheating H 合理預(yù)期 rational expectation 核心資本 core capital 合資企業(yè) jo