被動語態(tài)之二特殊句型篇

1、中考被動語態(tài) -特殊句型篇目錄一. 復習被動語態(tài)的八種時態(tài)二. 特殊句型和動詞的被動語態(tài) 簡單句的被動語態(tài)1 雙賓語2 復合賓語2 賓語從句3 祈使句肯定否定短語動詞 (包括動介和動副兩種 ) 情態(tài)動詞附：課堂練習學案1內(nèi)一.復習被動語態(tài)的六種時態(tài)容一般現(xiàn)在時：amisarepp一般過去時：waswerepp一般將來時：shall will be pp現(xiàn)在完成時：have has been pp現(xiàn)在進行時：amisarebeingpp過去將來時：should would be pp（含情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動詞bepp）小測驗： Chinese _ by the largest number

2、 of peopleA speakB is speakingC speaksD is spoken（2002 長沙） The boy _ to get supper ready after schoolA were toldB is tellingC was toldD tells（2002 四川眉山） A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China AmustB must beC hasD have2二.特殊句型和動詞的被動語態(tài)簡單句的被動語態(tài)在這講開始之前我們先一起復習一下以前學習過的簡單句的六種基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 1）主 + 動 + 表（SVP）例

3、如：John is busy.約翰忙.2）主 + 動（SV）例如：I work.我工作.3）主 + 動 + 賓（SVO）例如：She studies English.她學英語.English is studied by her.4）主 + 動 + 間賓 + 直賓（SVOiOd）例如：My mother made me a new dress.我母親給我做了一件新衣裳.I was made a new dress by my mother.a new dress was made for me by my mother.5）主 + 動 + 賓 + 補（SVOC）例如：Time would pro

4、ve me right.時間會證明我是對的.I would be proved right by time.1.S+VT+OWe visited the factory.The factory was visited by us.2.雙賓語主 + 動 + 間賓 + 直賓（SVOiOd）例如：主動句：I gave Tom a pencil.被動句：Tom was given a pencil (by me).被動句：A pencil was given _ Tom (by me).主動句：I bought Tom a pencil.被動句：Tom was bought a pencil (by

5、me).被動句：A pencil was bought _ Tom (by me).注意：1.由 to 還是 for 連接間接賓語的動詞由 to 連接間接賓語的動詞,側(cè)重動作 由 for 連接間接賓語的動 既可由 to 的方向。表示“朝著，向著，對著某 詞，側(cè)重動作的受益者。表 也可由 for人。”示“為了某人，替某人?！?連接間接賓語的動詞3pass, give, show, tell, lend, buy, cook, get, sing, do, get, take; post, return, sell, send, make; choose, pick, find, read, wr

6、ite, bring, throw, feed, read, save, order, book ,leave, sing, play promise, offer, refuse, call, fetchteach ,hand,2.下面幾種情況,通常要用介詞 to 或 for 引起的短語：當直接賓語是人稱代詞（itthem）時.如：The watch is Li Lei's. Please give it to him.這塊手表是李雷的.請把它給 他.當強調(diào)間接賓語時.如：Mother cooks breakfast for us every day.母親每天都為我們做早飯.當間接賓

7、語比直接賓語長時.如：On the bus, he often gives his seat to an old person.在公共汽車上,他經(jīng) 常把座位讓給老人.3.復合賓語首先讓我們回顧一下以前學習的復合賓語：英語中,有些及物動詞接賓語后還需接賓語補足語來補充說明賓語的有關情況, 這樣意思才完整.賓語和賓語補足語合稱復合賓語.常用句型為：主語及物動詞賓語賓語補足語 .O+VT+O+OC可用作賓語補足語的有名詞、形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式 等. 一 . 賓語補足語是名詞、形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、介詞短語的被動語態(tài)。1.接名詞作賓語補足語的動詞常見的有 call, name, thin

8、k ,make 等.如：We call them mooncakes.我們把它們叫作月餅.They are called mooncakes by us.2.接形容詞作賓語補足語的動詞常見的有 make, keep, think, find 等.如： At first I found Chinese hard.開始的時候,我發(fā)現(xiàn)漢語很難.At first Chinese was found hard by me.3. 接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語的動詞常見的有 watch, see, hear ,find, keep 等.如：In the country, he can hear birds sin

9、ging.在農(nóng)村,他能聽到鳥兒歌唱.In the country, birds can be heard singing by him.4. 接介詞短語作賓語補足語的動詞常見的有 find, keep, take 等.如：The boy found his pen on the floor.這個男孩在地板上找到了他的鋼筆. His pen was found on the floor by the boy.二.賓語補足語是動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)。動詞不定式作賓語補足語時通常分為下面三種情況：1）接帶 to 的動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞常見的有 tell, want, ask, wish, te

10、ach 等.如：Tell him to come here the day after tomorrow.告訴他后天到這里來.He is told to come here the day after tomorrow.2）接不帶 to 的動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞常見的有 hear, see, watch, let,4make 等.如：He made us laugh.他使我們大笑.We are made to laugh by him.3）接帶 to 或不帶 to 的動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞常見的是 help.如： She often helps her mother（to）do s

11、ome housework.她經(jīng)常幫母親做家務活. Her mother is often helped （to）do some housework by her.雙賓語和復合賓語的區(qū)別 : 可用下面方法來判斷一個及物動詞所帶的是雙賓語 還是復合賓語：如果賓語與其后的成分之間存在著邏輯上的主謂或主表關系,則 該動詞接的是復合賓語,否則就是雙賓語.賓語從句帶有賓語從句的句子變成被動語態(tài)時，通常用 it 作為被動句的形式主語，賓語 從句則變成了主語從句。此結(jié)構(gòu)有時候可以改為“主語+be+pp+to do”形式。 Eg:People say that water is all around the

12、city.Its said that water is all around the city.Water is said to all around the city.They saw that Tom has got the first place in the exam.-It is said that Tom has got the first place in the exam.-Tom is said to have got the first place in the exam.祈使句肯定主動句 V+ O :Empty the rubbish bin at once.被動句 Le

13、t + O+ Be+ PP: Let the rubbish bin be emptied at once. 否定主動句 Dont +V+O：Dont tell the truth to him.被動句 Dont +let +O+be+PP：Dont let the truth be told to him. 短語動詞 (包括動介和動副兩種 )不及物動詞不能跟賓語，因此不能用于被動語態(tài)，但不及物動詞與介詞或副詞構(gòu) 成的短語動詞相當于及物動詞，可以有賓語，因而也可以用于被動語態(tài)。要注意 的是，這樣的短語動詞是一個不可分割的整體，在變成被動語態(tài)時不可丟掉構(gòu)成 短語的介詞或副詞，如 look at,

14、 look for, look after, take care of, take off, send for 等。例如：We must take good care of the young trees()The young trees must be taken good care of()注意：由被動語態(tài)形成的動詞短語本身即是被動語態(tài)的形式，不需再加 by.5如：be covered with be interested inbe made of/from be surprised at情態(tài)動詞We can easily download music from the Internet.

15、 Music can be easily downloaded from the Internet.6附：課堂練習學案1.主謂賓句型的被動語態(tài)：2含雙賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，有兩種方法：1 將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語保持不變；2 將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語用介詞 to 或 for 引導。例如： He told us a story（變被動語態(tài)）We were told a story（by him）或：A story was told to us by him Her mother gave her a new pen（變被動語態(tài)）She _ _ _ _ _ by her mothe

16、rA new pen _ _ _ her by her mother3.復合賓語的被動語態(tài):一般變法復合賓語變主動，只變賓語“補”不動，原來“賓補”變“主補”，名稱變了位不動。當主動結(jié)構(gòu)中含有復合賓語，即“賓語+賓語補足語”時，變成被動語態(tài)時只將 賓語變成主語，而賓補原地不動，只不過成了主語補足語。例如：We all heard theboy crying. The boy _ crying (byus all). The teacher asked the students to come early.The students _ to come early (by the teacher)

17、.The advertiser (報幕員) always makes the audience happy.The audience is always _ by the advertiser.The man beat the boy black and blue.The boy _ black and blue (by the man).特殊變法： 復合賓語中含有使役、感官動詞的被動語態(tài)這類動詞常見的有：see, watch, notice, look at, observe(五看)；let, have, make(三使役)；hear, listen to(二聽)；feel(一感覺)；hel

18、p(半幫助， 因為后面的 to 可要可不要)。在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中，其賓補是不帶 to 的不定式，但變成被動語態(tài)時，賓補已變 成主補，因此不定式的符號 to 要恢復。例如：I saw him go there. He _ to go there (by me). We heard him sing in the next room just now.He was heard _ in the next room just now (by us). She makes her daughter play the piano every day.7Her daughter _ play the piano every day (by her). He often _ his sister cry but this time he was _ to cry