2012高考英語：閱讀理解課堂練學(xué)案（11）

1、 2012高考英語：閱讀理解課堂練學(xué)案（11） Passage Eight (The Improving Economic Situation In Greece)      Greece, economically, is in the black. With very little to export other than such farm products as tobacco, cotton and fruit, the country earns enough from invisible earnings to pay for its needed,

2、 growing imports. From the sending out of things the Greeks, earn only $285 million; from tourism, shipping and the remittances of Greeks abroad, the country takes in an additional #375 million and this washes out the almost $400 million by which imports exceed exports.     It has a b

3、alanced budget. Although more than one drachma out of four goes for defense, the government ended a recent year with a slight surplus - $66 million. Greece has a decent reserve of almost a third of a billion dollars in gold and foreign exchange. It has a government not dependent on coalescing incomp

4、atible parties to obtain parliamentary majorities.     In thus summarizing a few happy highlights, I dont mean to minimize the vast extent of Greeces problems. It is the poorest country by a wide margin in Free Europe, and poverty is widespread. At best an annual income of $60 to $70

5、is the lot of many a peasant, and substantial unemployment plagues the countryside, cities, and towns of Greece. There are few natural resources on which to build any substantial industrial base. Some years ago I wrote here:     “Greek statesmanship will have to create an atmosphere i

6、n which home and foreign savings will willingly seek investment opportunities in the back ward economy of Greece. So far, most American and other foreign attempt have bogged down in the Greek governments red tape and shrewdness about small points.”     Great strides have been made. As

7、 far back as 1956, expanding tourism seemed a logical way to bring needed foreign currencies and additional jobs to Greece. At that time I talked with the Hilton Hotel people, who had been examining hotel possibilities, and to the Greek government division responsible for this area of the economy. T

8、hey were hopelessly deadlocked in almost total differences of opinion and outlook.2 / 23     Today most of the incredibly varied, beautiful, historical sights of Greece have new, if in many cases modest, tourist facilities. Tourism itself has jumped from approximately $31 million to o

9、ver $90 million. There is both a magnificent new Hilton Hotel in Athens and a completely modernized, greatly expanded Grande Bretagne, as well as other first-rate new hotels. And the advent of jets has made Athens as accessible as Paris or Rome without the sky-high prices of traffic-choked streets o

10、f either.1.The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage isA Greek income and expenditures.The improving economic situation in Greece.C The value of tourism.D Military expenditures.2.Many peasants earn less thanA $60 a week.$2 a week.C $1 a day.D $10 a month.3.The Greek Government sp

11、endsA more than 25%of its budget on military terms.More than its collects.C A third of a billion dollars in gold.D Less than 25% of its budget on military terms.4.According to the passage, Greece hasA a dictatorship.a monarchy.C a single majority party.D too much red tape.5.Greece imports annually g

12、oods and materialsA totaling almost $700 million.that balance exports.C that are paid by tourists.D costing $66 million.Vocabulary1.remittance            匯款（額）2.wash out                  洗掉，取消、告吹、沖掉、筋疲力盡3.drachma    

13、;              古希臘銀幣   德拉克馬（現(xiàn)代希臘貨幣單位）4.lot                  份額5.incompatible            水火不相容的，不能共存的6.coalesce                  （政黨）聯(lián)合，愈合，接合

14、7.highlight            光線最強(qiáng)處，最重要部分，最精彩場面8.margin                  （成本和售價的）差額，空白，邊緣9.bog down                  陷于困境，使停頓10.red tape            官樣文章，煩瑣和拖

15、拉的公務(wù)程序11.shrewdness            清明，機(jī)靈12.deadlock            僵局，僵持；使陷于僵局難句譯注1.      Greece, economically is in the black.【參考譯文】希臘經(jīng)濟(jì)上說是贏利/富裕的2.      With very little export other than such farm products as tobacco

16、, cotton and fruit, the country earns enough from invisible earnings to pay its needed, growing imports.【參考譯文】除了農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，如煙草、棉花和水果之外，希臘沒有什么出口貨，但它從“無形的收益”中掙不少，足夠致富所需的一切日益增長的進(jìn)口貨。3.      This washes out almost $400 million by which imports exceed exports.【參考譯文】這筆錢沖掉了進(jìn)口超過出口近4億美元的差額。4.   &

17、#160;  So far most American and other foreign attempts have bogged down in the Greek governments red tape and shrewdness about small points.【參考譯文】到目前為止由于希臘政府那種繁瑣而又拖拉的公務(wù)程序和對小事的精明，大多數(shù)美國和其他國家的嘗試的工作都陷入困境。5.      They were hopelessly deadlocked in almost total differences of opinion a

18、nd outlook.【參考譯文】他們絕望地陷于意見和觀點完全分歧的僵局之中。6.      And the advent of jets has made Athens as accessible as Paris and Rome without the sky-high prices of traffic chocked streets of either.【參考譯文】噴氣式飛機(jī)的發(fā)展使雅典和巴黎、羅馬一樣很容易到達(dá)，卻沒有那兩個城市的交通堵塞的接到的高昂代價。寫作方法與文章大意     這是一篇以過去和現(xiàn)在對比的手法，論述了希

19、臘經(jīng)濟(jì)，主要是旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展。過去，希臘以無形資產(chǎn)贏得之利潤，來消除赤字，還可稍有節(jié)余。但貧窮、事業(yè)情況嚴(yán)重，政府辦事拖拉、繁瑣也影響國外的投資，雖然早在1956年就準(zhǔn)備擴(kuò)展旅游業(yè)，但意見分歧?，F(xiàn)在，情況大變，就旅游一項年收入由3100萬增至9000萬美元。答案詳解1.      B 希臘經(jīng)濟(jì)形式的改善。文章圍繞這一中心而寫。文章一開始就提出希臘出口除了農(nóng)產(chǎn)品之外，沒有什么東西，而無形資產(chǎn)如旅游、運(yùn)輸和國外的匯款等可掙得37500萬美元。兩項加在一起來抵消入超赤字近4億美元，稍有結(jié)余。第三段指出，希臘是自由歐洲最窮的國家，許多農(nóng)民年收入為6070美元。失業(yè)現(xiàn)象席卷城

20、市鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)，建立工業(yè)基地的自然資源極少。政府的繁瑣事務(wù)程序，關(guān)注瑣事等情況使美國和其他國家試圖展開工作陷于停滯狀態(tài)。第四段開始指出1956年起開拓旅游業(yè)，不過意見還是分歧。第五斷提出今天驚人的變化，美麗的歷史古城呈現(xiàn)新貌，就旅游一項收入由3100萬增至9000萬美元。旅館面貌大變。A.希臘的收支。C.旅游的價值。D.軍事費用。2.      B少于2美元一星期。文章第三段第三句：最佳情況，年收入為6070美元使大多數(shù)農(nóng)民的份額。所以B項最接近年收入。A.60美元一星期。C.一天一美元。D.一個月10美元。3.      A 百分之25以上

21、用于軍事。第二段：雖然四個德拉克馬中有一個用于國防，政府最終還稍有結(jié)余6600萬美元。B.比收入的還多。C.十億金子中的三分之一。D.少于百分之25。4.      C單一大黨。第二段：希臘的政府不依靠水火不相容的政黨之間的合作來取得一會的多數(shù)席位，這說明是單一大黨。A.獨裁、專政。B.君主政體。D.太多的繁瑣程序。5.      A總計幾乎在7億美元左右。第一段中提到希臘出口商品價值28500萬美元，而進(jìn)口超出出口4億美元。兩者相加為6億2千5百萬美元，相當(dāng)于幾乎在7億美元左右。B.和出口平衡。C.由旅游者支付。D.花費6600萬美

22、元。Passage Nine (The Program-Federal Government Helps Minority Business)     Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance a

23、vailable to minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failure rates. Even 15 years after the program was impleme

24、nted, minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economys total receipts.     Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterpr

25、ises and toward supporting large, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. In this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a participat

26、ing company to establish a Minority Enterprise Small Businesses that have potential to become future suppliers of customers of the sponsoring company.     MESBICs are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and mor

27、e job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available. Further, since potential markets for the minority business

28、es already exist through the sponsoring companies, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location and market fluctuation. Following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBICs far above the legal minimum of $500,000 in order t

29、o generate sufficient income and to sustain the quality of management needed. MESBICs are now emerging as increasingly important financing sources for minority enterprises.     Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach inves

30、tments in minority firms more pragmatically than do many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the social responsibility approach and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal i

31、nvestment criteria would warrant. Such differences in viewpoint have produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations. These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the or

32、iginal philosophy of MESBICs and they are concerned that, unless a more prudent course if followed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likely to re-create the disappointing results of the original SBA approach.1.Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?A The use of MES

33、BICs for aiding minority entrepreneurs seems to have greater potential for success than does the original SBA approach.There is a crucial difference in point of view between the staff and directors of some MESBICs.C After initial problems with management and marketing, minority businesses have begun

34、 to expand at a steady rate.D Minority entrepreneurs wishing to form new businesses now have several equally successful federal programs on which to rely.2.According to the passage, the MESBIC approach differ s from the SBA approach in that MESBICs A seek federal contracts to provide market for mino

35、rity businesses.Encourage minority businesses to provide markets for other minority businesses.C Attempt to maintain a specified rate of growth in the minority business sector.D Rely on the participation of large corporations to finance minority businesses.3.Which of the following statements about t

36、he SBA program can be inferred from the passage?A The maximum term for loans made to recipient businesses was 15 years.Business loans were considered to be more useful to recipient businesses than was management and technical assistance.C The anticipated failure rate for recipient businesses was sig

37、nificantly lower than the rate that actually resulted.D Recipient businesses were encouraged to relocate to areas more favorable for business development.4.The author refers to the financial and operating problems encountered by MESBICs primarily in order toA broaden the scope of the discussion to i

38、nclude the legal considerations of funding MESBICs through sponsoring companies.call attention to the fact that MESBICs must receive adequate funding in order to function effectively.C show that sponsoring companies were willing to invest only $500,000 of government-sponsored venture capital in the

39、original MESBICs.D Compare SBA and MESBIC limits on minimum funding.5.It can be inferred from the passage that the attitude of some MESBIC staff member toward the investments preferred by some MESBIC directors can be best described asA disappointing.Indifferent.C Shocked.D Defensive.Vocabulary1.impl

40、ement                  執(zhí)行，履行2.growth-oriented                  增長潛力的，有發(fā)展性的3.intermediary company            中介公司，中間公司4.venture capital            

41、60;    風(fēng)險資本5.entrepreneur                  企業(yè)家，創(chuàng)業(yè)者6.fluctuation                  波動，漲落，起伏7.pragmatically                  實用地難句譯注1.      Eve

42、n 15 years after the program was implemented minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economys total receipts.【參考譯文】甚至在這個計劃執(zhí)行后15年，少數(shù)民族工業(yè)的收入還不到全國總收入的2。2.      Recently federal policy makers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the

43、supporting large, growth oriented minority firms through intermediary companies.【參考譯文】最近，聯(lián)邦決策者采取一項措施，旨在加速少數(shù)民族工商業(yè)的發(fā)展，他們不再直接幫助小型的少數(shù)民族企業(yè)，而是轉(zhuǎn)向通過中間公司來支持規(guī)模較大、有發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ纳贁?shù)民族公司。3.      By making use of government-sponsored venture capital.利用政府資助的風(fēng)險資本。4.      The MESBIC then provide

44、s capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company.【參考譯文】然后再由MESBIC向那些少數(shù)民族企業(yè)提供資金、進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)。這些企業(yè)是有成為贊助公司的未來供應(yīng)商或客戶的潛力的。5.      MESBIC minority enterprise small business investment company 少數(shù)民族小型企業(yè)投資公司。6.  

45、   MESBICs are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does

46、 simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available.【參考譯文】MESBIC的建立基于這種信念：為已建公司提供方便，使它更容易獲得相關(guān)的管理技術(shù)更具體的工作經(jīng)驗以及大筆資金要比簡單地給予一般管理經(jīng)驗和小筆資金更能使它們獲得機(jī)會去建立穩(wěn)固的商業(yè)基礎(chǔ)。7.      The latter often still think mainly in terms of the social responsibility approach and thus see

47、m to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant.【參考譯文】后者高級經(jīng)理們在有大多數(shù)情況下，仍然常常從“社會責(zé)任的角度”來考慮問題，因此，他們似乎更傾向于選擇那些比正常投資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更具風(fēng)險性，而不太引人注目的項目。寫作方法與文章大意     文章主要采用因果以及對比的寫作方法。先點出SBA計劃聯(lián)邦政府對少數(shù)民族去也的贊助（）的失敗及其原因。     為此，聯(lián)邦決策者改變方法，通過中介公司

48、，建立MESBIC。由它來幫助少數(shù)民族企業(yè)使其獲得相應(yīng)的管理技術(shù)、具體工作經(jīng)驗和大量資金，甚至潛在的市場取得了成功。     可內(nèi)部存在問題，MESBIC的職工和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者之間的意見分歧，職工的投資觀點更切實際，而領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者仍從“社會責(zé)任的角度”來考慮問題，若不改變，有可能重蹈SBA之覆轍。答案詳解1.      A 運(yùn)用MESBIC來幫助少數(shù)民族企業(yè)似乎比原來SBA的方法更具成功的可能性。文章一開始就點名SBA（小型企業(yè)管理局）向少數(shù)民族企業(yè)提供聯(lián)邦保證貸款，政府資助管理和技術(shù)方面的幫助，結(jié)果令人失望。組建成的少數(shù)民族新企業(yè)由于管理上缺乏經(jīng)

49、驗、地點不佳、資金短缺而導(dǎo)致失敗的情況很多。其他見難句譯注1、2、3?？傊贛ESBIC支持下：為它的潛在市場提供大量資金等，使它們在地點和市場流通方面風(fēng)險小的多，從而帶來足夠的收入和保持所需的管理質(zhì)量。這一切都說明MESBIC比SBA的成功可能性大。B.MESBIC中的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和職工方面在觀點上有著至關(guān)重要的分歧。C.經(jīng)歷了早期管理和市場問題后，少數(shù)民族企業(yè)已開始穩(wěn)步發(fā)展。D.希望組建新公司的少數(shù)民族企業(yè)家已有好幾個成功的聯(lián)邦計劃可依靠。2.      D 依靠打工四向少數(shù)民族企業(yè)投資。見第二段第二句：大公司利用政府資助的風(fēng)險資本參與成功而又穩(wěn)固的少數(shù)民族企業(yè)的發(fā)

50、展。參與的大公司用這筆資金建立了“少數(shù)民族小型企業(yè)投資公司”（MESBIC）A.尋求為少數(shù)民族企業(yè)提供市場聯(lián)邦合同。B.鼓勵少數(shù)民族企業(yè)為其他少數(shù)民族企業(yè)提供市場。C.試圖在少數(shù)民族部門保持特定的增長率。3.      C 預(yù)期加入SBA項目中的公司的失敗率比實際失敗率低得多。文內(nèi)沒有直接點出，而是從（見第一題注釋）SBA幫助的企業(yè)失敗率很高令人失望，從而推斷C項結(jié)論。A.給企業(yè)貸款最高期限為15年。B.商業(yè)貸款對企業(yè)來說遠(yuǎn)筆管理和技術(shù)幫助重要。D.鼓勵接受貸款企業(yè)重新尋找利于企業(yè)發(fā)展的地區(qū)。4.      B 為的是引人注意這一實際

51、情況：MESBIC必須取得足夠的資金才能有效地運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。這在第三段最后一句：在經(jīng)歷了早期財政和運(yùn)行問題后，贊助公司給MESBIC注入的資金遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了50萬美元的法定最低限額，以獲得足夠的收入并保持所需的管理質(zhì)量。MESBIC現(xiàn)在正成為日益重要的少數(shù)民族企業(yè)的資金來源。這說明沒有足夠的資金是難以有效運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的。A.擴(kuò)大討論范圍以包括通過贊助公司投資MESBIC的合理性。C.表明贊助公司愿意在原來的MESBIC只投資50萬政府資助的風(fēng)險資本。D.對比SBA和MESBIC最低投資限額。5.      A 失望。文章最后一段MESBIC的職工一般是拉美和黑人專業(yè)人員在少數(shù)民族公司

52、的投資上比MEBSIC的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者更切實際。這些高級經(jīng)理從社會責(zé)任角度看問題，會選擇更具風(fēng)險性，不太吸引人的項目。觀點分歧使許多少數(shù)民族職工感到不安，他們認(rèn)為應(yīng)以公司的業(yè)務(wù)爆出來評價少數(shù)民族企業(yè)家及其企業(yè)。者充分說明MEBSIC的職工對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)所青睞的投資項目不滿意和失望。B.漠不關(guān)心。C.震驚。D.持保留態(tài)度。Passage Ten (The Importance of Independent Thinking)No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is her first duty to &#

53、160; follow her intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the errors of one who with due study and preparation, thinks for himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. No that it is solely, of chiefly, to

54、 form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required. One the contrary, it is as much or even more indispensable to enable average human beings to attain the mental stature which they are capable of. There have been and many again be great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental s

55、lavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where any of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended, where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed: where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occu

56、py humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up

57、fro9m its foundation and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.She who knows only her own side of the case knows little of that. Her reasons may be food, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if she s equ

58、ally unable to refute the reasons of the opposite side; if she does not so much as know what they are, she has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for her would be suspension of judgment, and unless she contents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts,

59、 like the generality of the world the side to which she feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that she should heat the arguments of adversaries from her own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations, That is not the way to do justice to the argu

60、ments, or bring them into real contact with her own mind. She must be able to hear them form persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form; she must feel the whole force of the difficul

61、ty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently

62、for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know; they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently form them and considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of t

63、he word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess.     1.The best title for this passage is A The Age of Reason            The need for Independent ThinkingC The Value of Reason           D Stirring Peoples Minds

64、2.According to the author, it is always advisable to A have opinions which cannot be refuted.adopt the point of view to which one feels the most inclination.C be acquainted with the arguments favoring the point of view with which one disagrees,D suspend heterodox speculation in favor of doctrinaire approaches.3.According to the author, in a great period such