9-情態(tài)動詞—專升本復習

1、情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞常用的情態(tài)動詞常用的情態(tài)動詞can （could）may（might）shall（should）will （would） must（must）dare （dared）need （need）have to ought to be able toused toThe feature（特點）（特點） of the modal verbs: 1. 情態(tài)動詞本身有詞義情態(tài)動詞本身有詞義, 但詞義不完全但詞義不完全. 2. 不能單獨作謂語不能單獨作謂語,只能和動詞原形一起構成謂語只能和動詞原形一起構成謂語. 3. 情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化( 除除“have to

2、”). 4. 沒有沒有不定式不定式、V-ing 、V-ed 形式形式. He can/could/must/may/might/shall/ should/need/dare/dared/will/would/ought to/ used to + work in that factory.He has to go home now.He had to look after his sick mother.在情態(tài)動詞的使用中在情態(tài)動詞的使用中, , 我們要注意以下考點我們要注意以下考點: :1. 情態(tài)動詞的基本用法。情態(tài)動詞的基本用法。2. 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+have +P.P的用法。的用法。

3、3. 情態(tài)動詞在虛擬語氣中的用法。情態(tài)動詞在虛擬語氣中的用法。4. 情態(tài)動詞的反意疑問句的用法。情態(tài)動詞的反意疑問句的用法。5. 情態(tài)動詞特殊短語的用法。情態(tài)動詞特殊短語的用法。6. 情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法歸納情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法歸納1.表表“能力能力”Can you lift this heavy box?I couldnt understand what he said at all.注意：注意：be able to 表示經(jīng)過一番努力后,才能做得到的“能力”.且有多種時態(tài). 表示成功完成某表示成功完成某一具體工作時，用一具體工作時，用was/were able to, 而不用而不用could

4、.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get outA. had to B. would C. could D. was able to can ,could的用法的用法2.表“請求請求,許可許可”could用來表示請求的時候比用來表示請求的時候比can 更委婉更委婉Can you help me with my English?He said I could borrow his bike.Could I use your bike? Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes

5、, of course you _A. might B. will C. can D. should3.表“可能性可能性”can ,could 用在用在肯定句肯定句中表示理論上的可能性，中表示理論上的可能性，“經(jīng)驗之談經(jīng)驗之談”As a human being, anyone can make a mistake.can ,could用在用在疑問句疑問句中表推測中表推測,表示可能性表示可能性What on earth can this mean? can ,could用在用在否定句否定句中表推測，翻譯成中表推測，翻譯成“不不可能可能 ”We thought the story couldnt

6、be true. 1. Mary _ be in Paris， ，for I saw her in the town only a few minutes ago A mustnt B cant C shouldnt D may not2. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where _ I have put it? A. can B. must C. should D. would1.表表“詢問詢問” (might比用比用may更客氣更客氣.) May I ? (=Can I ?)Might I ? (=Could I ?)May I borrow your bo

7、ok?may與與might用法用法May I pick a flower in the garden? _. A. No, you neednt B. Not, please. C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wont注意：注意：may I ? 的答語的答語.肯定肯定: Yes, you may . 否定否定: No, you mustnt (語氣強硬語氣強硬) No, you may not. 或或 No, youd better not.2.表表“許可許可”You may take the boy thereHe said that I might use his

8、 telephone. Might I watch TV after supper? Yes, you _. A. may B. must C. might D. could3.表表推測推測，表示主觀上的推測，表示主觀上的推測，“可能，可能，也許也許”，不用于疑問句不用于疑問句, might比比may的可能性更小的可能性更小She may not like this place. Im afraid he might not like this place. Peter come with us tonight， ，but he isnt very sure yet A must B may

9、C can D will 1.must 表示主觀上的表示主觀上的必須必須，應該應該，沒有時態(tài)，沒有時態(tài)變化。變化。 You must do everything as I do.注意注意:Must I finish my homework today? Yes, you must. No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to.must 的用法的用法“必須必須、不得不不得不”must表示的是說話人的主觀看法。表示的是說話人的主觀看法。 have to 表示的是客觀需要。（表示的是客觀需要。（是由于某種外是由于某種外界界（客觀）原因而（客觀）原因而“必須必須”，“

10、不得不不得不”做某做某事，也可表示經(jīng)常的或習慣性的事事，也可表示經(jīng)常的或習慣性的事“必須必須”做。）做。）(have got to)have to的否定形式表示的否定形式表示不必不必。have to可用于可用于多種時態(tài)中。多種時態(tài)中。 You will have to clean your own boots when you join the army.I have to be at my office every evening.1. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you_ take care of your l

11、uggage. A. can B. may C. must D. will2. Must he come to sign this paper himself? Yes, he _. A. need B. must C. may D. will3. Some aspects of a pilots job _ be boring, and pilots often _work at inconvenient hours. A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must2. must表示肯定的推測表示肯定的推測,常指有根

12、據(jù)的、比較常指有根據(jù)的、比較有把握的推測有把握的推測。 The light is still on, so he must be at home.Look at his new car. He _ have a lot of money.A. should B. shall C. may D. must3.must表示表示“一定要一定要”、“堅持堅持” “偏要偏要”、“偏偏偏偏” 。表。表示與說話人的愿望相反示與說話人的愿望相反. If you must go，at least wait till the storm is overMust you make so much noise？你偏要

13、弄出那么？你偏要弄出那么多噪音？多噪音？May I smoke here ? If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. must4. mustnt 表示表示禁止禁止做某事。做某事。 You mustnt smoke in the office.When I was young , I was told that I _ play with matches. A. wouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. darentshall作作助動詞助動詞，只用于第一人稱，表示

14、將來，只用于第一人稱，表示將來，should 是是shall 的過去式的過去式We shall start for Beijing tomorrow.shall作作情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞1： 用于用于第一人稱第一人稱和和第三人稱第三人稱，表示征求對，表示征求對方意見或請求指示方意見或請求指示 Shall we begin our lesson? Shall I/she sit here?shall與與should用法用法-Sir, _ he go or stay?-Let him go.A. will B. shall C. might D. could2: shall 用于用于第二第二、三人稱三人

15、稱，表示說話人的，表示說話人的允諾允諾、警告、威脅、命令、決心、警告、威脅、命令、決心等。等。You wanted justice, so you shall get justice, more than you wanted. You shall have a nice present for your birthday. You shall be sorry for what you have done. When he comes in nobody shall say a word. Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.(

16、允諾允諾)(允諾允諾)(警告警告)(命令命令)(決心決心)1. It has been announced that candidates(候選候選人人) _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. can B. will C. may D. shall2. Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it.A. shant B.

17、might not C. neednt D. shouldnt3). shall用于用于條約，規(guī)定，規(guī)章條約，規(guī)定，規(guī)章等文件等文件中，表示一種義務，多用于第三人稱中。中，表示一種義務，多用于第三人稱中。“The interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge.A. may B. should C. must D. shall 1. should= ought to 表示勸告，建議，意表示勸告，建議，意為為“應該應該”，ought

18、to 語氣更強些，強調語氣更強些，強調“有責任，有有責任，有義務做義務做”，否定形式：否定形式：ought not to/oughtnt toA: Ill start the work tomorrow.B: I think you should start today.C: No, you ought to start at once. (語氣更強）語氣更強） should / ought to的否定形式表示的否定形式表示“不應該不應該”Children shouldnt smoke.Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?

19、It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. A.will B. would C. should D. mustWhat time ought I _?Aarrived Barriving Carrive Dto arriveHe _ speak to his mother like that.Aought not to Bdoesnt ought to Cnot ought to Dought to not2. should 可表示說話人的感情如可表示說話人的感情如 “驚奇驚奇” “憤怒憤怒” “失望失望” “不滿不滿”等，翻譯為等，翻譯為“竟然，竟然，居

20、然居然”I dont believe that the little girl should speak two different languages! 我不相信這個小女孩竟然能說兩種不同的語言！我不相信這個小女孩竟然能說兩種不同的語言！I cant believe my eyes. Such well-educatedgentleman _ behave like this!A.would B. should C. can D. must3. should表表推測推測, 意為意為“可能；該可能；該”, 相當于相當于be expected to。往往。往往指具有一定的客觀根據(jù)指具有一定的客觀

21、根據(jù)或根據(jù)推理對現(xiàn)在某事發(fā)生的或根據(jù)推理對現(xiàn)在某事發(fā)生的“可能性可能性”進進行描述，語氣上不如行描述，語氣上不如must強。強。Mr. Black must be home by now.Mr. Black ought to / should be home by now.布萊克先生現(xiàn)在一定到家了。（肯定）布萊克先生現(xiàn)在一定到家了。（肯定）布萊克先生估計是到家了。（不能肯定）布萊克先生估計是到家了。（不能肯定）2. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12： ：00

22、 A can B should C might D need3. Its nearly seven oclock Jack _ be here at any moment A must B need C should D can1. Will Mr. Wang offer us a hand? He _ be glad to He never refused our request A can B must C may D should 1. will 作情態(tài)動詞用時在陳述句中可作情態(tài)動詞用時在陳述句中可用各人稱作主語用各人稱作主語, 表示其表示其 “意志意志” “意意愿愿” “決心決心”等等

23、.I will never do that again.I will give up smoking. Dont forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon. No, I.A. dont B. cant C. wont D. couldntwill 和和would 的用法的用法2. will 在疑問句中用第二人稱作主語在疑問句中用第二人稱作主語, 表表示說話人向對方示說話人向對方提出請示或詢問提出請示或詢問. 不如不如would委婉委婉Will /Would you pass me the book?Will he pay for me?Wo

24、uld you like to come with us?3. will 有時表示一種習慣動作或狀態(tài)或自然規(guī)有時表示一種習慣動作或狀態(tài)或自然規(guī)律律. (表示習慣表示習慣, 經(jīng)常性經(jīng)常性, 傾向性傾向性)慣于慣于, 總是總是(會會), 終歸是終歸是 。Boys will be boys. 男孩終歸是男孩。男孩終歸是男孩。 Matches will not strike if they are damp. 火柴潮濕就擦不著?；鸩癯睗窬筒敛恢?。 The door _ open.這門經(jīng)常打不開。這門經(jīng)常打不開。 wont1.would 可用于各人稱可用于各人稱, 表示過去時間的表示過去時間的 “意志意

25、志” “愿望愿望” 和和 決心決心”.2. would 表示說話人本身的表示說話人本身的 “意志意志” 或向對或向對方提出方提出 “請求請求.3. would 還可以表示過去習慣發(fā)生的動作還可以表示過去習慣發(fā)生的動作.He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening. （現(xiàn)在可能散步也可能不散步了）現(xiàn)在可能散步也可能不散步了）used to表示過去常常發(fā)生的動作或存在的習慣，表示過去常常發(fā)生的動作或存在的習慣，但現(xiàn)在已不復存在了。但現(xiàn)在已不復存在了。 He would take a walk near the forest in the

26、 evening. （而現(xiàn)在不散步了）而現(xiàn)在不散步了）Ronald _ stay in his small garden for a long time every day in the past. A. could B. might C. should D. wouldvery uncertainalmost certainmightshouldmustmaycouldought towill1.He _ be at home.2.He _ be at home, for he just called me from his home 15 seconds ago.A.may B.might

27、 C.must A.may B.might C.must (can)5.Making requests (提出要求提出要求):will can could wouldinformalformal1.作為情態(tài)動詞用，常用在否定句和疑問句中。作為情態(tài)動詞用，常用在否定句和疑問句中。Dare (need) +S +VS + darent (neednt) +VI darent walk through the forest at night.Dare you walk through the forest at night?You neednt return the book now.Need he

28、 do it all at once?可兼做行為動詞的情態(tài)動詞：可兼做行為動詞的情態(tài)動詞：need 、 dare dare ,need 的用法的用法2.作實義動詞用，常用在肯定句中作實義動詞用，常用在肯定句中, 有人稱、有人稱、時態(tài)、和數(shù)的變化時態(tài)、和數(shù)的變化He needs to go there himself.He has grown up,we dont need to worry about him.3.Sth (sb) need( want, require)+ doing/ to be done(被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)) The house needs cleaning/ to be

29、cleaned The boy needs sending to the hospital at once.句句型型時態(tài)時態(tài)情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞dare實義動詞實義動詞 dare肯肯定定句句現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在時 dare dodare/dares to do過去時過去時 dared dodared to do否否定定句句現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在時darent/dare not dodo/does not dare (to) do過去時過去時 dared not do did not dare (to) do疑疑問問句句 現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在時 Dare he do? Do you/Does he dare (to) do? 過去

30、時過去時 Dared he do? Did he dare (to) do 1.I wonder how he _ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say2.I wonder how she the drunken sailor the other day. A. dare fighting off B. dared fight off C. dare to fight off D. dared fighting off3.The dog hibernate(冬眠冬眠) in

31、 winter. A. dont need B. doesnt need to C. needs not to D. needs not注意對注意對need問句的回答問句的回答: -Need I finish the work today? -Yes, _. No, _. No, _.you mustyou needntyou dont have toneednt 對其它情態(tài)動詞的回答對其它情態(tài)動詞的回答: -Shall I tell John about it? -No, you _. -Must we do it now? -No, you _. neednt (dont have to)

32、 neednt(dont have to)1. must + have + 過去分詞，表示現(xiàn)過去分詞，表示現(xiàn)在對在對過去過去事物的推測。事物的推測。 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+have + P.P.He must have told my parents about it. 他一定把這件事情告訴我父母親了。他一定把這件事情告訴我父母親了。Its six oclock already, we must have been late again. 已經(jīng)六點鐘了，我們一定又遲到了已經(jīng)六點鐘了，我們一定又遲到了2. cant/couldnt+have+P.P表示對表示對過過去去某事的某事的否定否定猜測猜測He

33、 couldnt have been to that town.3. may(might)+ have+P.P, 表示對表示對過去過去事事情的猜測情的猜測, 認為某事認為某事“可能可能”發(fā)生發(fā)生. (might比比may更含蓄更含蓄,或更不肯定或更不肯定.)He may (might) have played electric game on TV the whole night. (For he looks very sleepy.)could+have+P.Pa.表示本來能做得到表示本來能做得到, 但事實上未做到但事實上未做到can+have+P.Pb. 表示對過去事情的推測表示對過去事情

34、的推測(只用于疑只用于疑問句問句) He could have finished the task on time, but the heavy snow came.He didnt come back last night . What could have happened to him？4. should/ ought to + have +P.P.過去本過去本該做，而事實上卻沒有做該做，而事實上卻沒有做，表，表 “責備責備” 或或 “惋惜惋惜” should not / ought not to + have + P.P. 過去本過去本不該做，而事實上卻做了不該做，而事實上卻做了，表，

35、表 “責備責備” 或或 “惋惜惋惜”The plant is dead. I should have given it more water.You should not have left your baby alone in the house.5. neednt + have + P.P.表示表示本來不必本來不必做，但做了做，但做了.She need not have attend the meeting yesterday, but she did.(她昨天本不必參加會議，可她參加了她昨天本不必參加會議，可她參加了.)1. The river is rising. It _last n

36、ight.A.must be raining B. must rain C. might have rained D. must have rained2. I didnt hear the phone. I _asleep A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been3.- We didnt see Tom at the meeting yesterday. - He it.A. mustnt have attended B. cannot have attended C. neednt have attended

37、 D. would have not attended4. -There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journeyA. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been5. You yesterday if you were really serious about your work.A. ought to come B. ought to be comin

38、gC. ought to have come D. ought have come 6. You _ all these parcels yourself. The shop would have delivered them if you had asked a shop assistant. A. didnt need to carry B. neednt have carried C. neednt carry D. didnt need carry7.Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. A. should

39、 have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving8. Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You _ her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told1. Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may

40、 D. can 2. -Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. -It _ Harrys. He always wears green. A.has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be 3. You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers_ not like the design of the furniture. A. must B. shall C. may D. need 4. Children un

41、der 12 years of age in that country_ be under adult supervision when in a public library. A. must B. may C. can D. need 5. The interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides, declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D. shall 6. I _ pay Tom a visit, but Im no

42、t sure whether I will have time this Sunday. A. should B. might C. would D. could 7. -I dont mind telling you what I know. -You _. Im not asking you for it. A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt 8. -Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. -You_ have my computer if you dont take

43、 care of it. A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt 9. -Excuse me. Is that the right way to the Summer Palace? -Sorry, Im not sure, but it _ be. A. might B. will C. must D. can 10. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _report it to the police? A. should B. may C. will D. can 1

44、1. You _ be tired-youve only been working for an hour. A. must not B. wont C. cant D. may not 12. -Who is the girl standing over there? - Well, if you _ know, her name is Mabel. A. may B. can C. must D. shall13. There_ be any difficulty in passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the

45、driving school. A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt 14. -Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary. - She _. Ive already borrowed one. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt15. He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldn

46、t D. cant 16. I _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt 17. This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it. A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put 18. He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. A. co

47、uld B. would C. must D. need 19. I was on the highway when his car went past followed by a police car. They _ at least 150 kilometers an hour. A.should have been doing B. must have been C. could have done D. would have done 20. - Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today? - Something _ to h

48、im. A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened D. must have happened 21. - Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. - Well. He _ have gone far-his coat is still here. A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt 22. - Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. - Thank

49、s. You _ it. I could manage it myself. A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done23. - The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. -Oh, dear! She _ a lot of difficulties! A. may go though B. might go through C. ought to have g

50、one through D. must have gone though 24. - Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. -You _ her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told 用于虛擬語氣的情態(tài)動詞用于虛擬語氣的情態(tài)動詞: should might could wouldneednt ought to情態(tài)動詞在虛擬語氣中的用法情態(tài)動詞在虛擬語氣中的用法If 條件句中條件句中的的情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞從句動詞從句動詞主句動詞主句

51、動詞與現(xiàn)在事實相反過去式（be一般用were）should/would+動詞原形與過去事實相反had+過去分詞should/would+have done與將來事實可能相反1.過去式2.should+do3.were to+doshould/would+動詞原形should 用在用在 suggest, propose, advise， order， demand， request， desire， insist 等表示等表示“建建議議”、“要求要求”、“命令命令”、“決定決定”、“主張主張”等動詞后面接的賓語從句中。這里的等動詞后面接的賓語從句中。這里的 should 也也可以省略?？梢允÷浴?/p>

52、 He suggested/ proposed/ demanded/ advised that they （should） read the rules carefully.他建議他建議 / 提議提議 / 要求要求 / 勸告他們要仔細閱讀這些勸告他們要仔細閱讀這些規(guī)則。規(guī)則。 should用在用在“ It is desired/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed/ decided ”之之后由后由 that 引導的主語從句中，引導的主語從句中， should 也可也可以省略。以省略。It is requested that Miss Yang （sh

53、ould） give a performance at the party. 人們要求楊小姐在聚會上表演一人們要求楊小姐在聚會上表演一個節(jié)目。個節(jié)目。 should 用在用在 suggestion， motion， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， request， decision， 等名詞后面接的表語從句或同位語等名詞后面接的表語從句或同位語從句中，從句中， should 也可以省略。也可以省略。We all agreed to his suggestion （proposal） that we （should） go to Nanjing for

54、a visit. 我們都同意他提出的要我們我們都同意他提出的要我們 到南京去游覽的建議。到南京去游覽的建議。 （ should 用于同位語從句中）用于同位語從句中） should 用在用在“ It is / was necessary/ important/ strange/ incredible ”或或“ It is a pity/ a shame/ no wonder ”之后由之后由 that 引導引導的主語從句中，的主語從句中， should 有有“應該應該”、“必必須須”、“竟然竟然”、“居然居然”之意。之意。It is necessary that he （should） be se

55、nt there at once. 有必要馬上派他到那里去。有必要馬上派他到那里去。 But for和和 without 引出虛擬語氣引出虛擬語氣1. Without electricity human life _quite different today.A.is B. will be C. would have been D. would be2. But for your help, we _ the task on time. do not finish B. will not finish C. would not have finished D. would not finish

56、情態(tài)動詞短語的使用情態(tài)動詞短語的使用:would like to dowould rather dowould rather + 從句從句would prefer to do.had better do.情態(tài)動詞特殊短語用法情態(tài)動詞特殊短語用法can和和 could 的一些固定搭配的一些固定搭配1.cant/couldnt help doing 忍不住；不禁忍不住；不禁 He cant help laughing.2.cant/couldnt but + 動詞原形動詞原形 只好只好 ；不得不；不得不I couldnt but admit that he was right and I was wrong.我不得不承認他對了，我錯了。3.cannot/couldnt too + 副詞副詞/形容詞形容詞; cannot/couldnt +副詞副詞/形容詞形容詞 + enough無論無論也不過分；也不過分； 越越越好越好You cant be too careful when crossing the street.I cannot thank you enough. 我對你感激不盡。我