新版牛津譯林8B-Unit1單詞詞組和語法講解(共8頁)

1、 牛津譯林8B Unit1一、同步知識(shí)梳理知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：past and present(P6)（1） past n. 過去，以前；in the past 在過去adj. 過去的，以前的；in the past few years 在過去的幾年里prep. 經(jīng)過 walk past the post office走過郵局【例句】In the past, there was no underground in Nanjing. Lets not make the past mistakes. When I walk past the post office, I see a bird flying

2、over the tree.（2）presentadj.現(xiàn)在的; 目前的; 出席的n.現(xiàn)在; 禮物; at present 現(xiàn)在 ； a present for you=a gift for you給你的禮物vt.介紹; 出現(xiàn); 提出; 贈(zèng)送; 【例句】Everyone can be presented a present at present.知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：Youve changed, Eddie. You used to share food with me.(P6) 你變了。你以前跟我分享食物的。（1） change: vt./vi. 改變，變更; change into變成 n.變化，改變

3、; change(s) to .的變化【例句】Great changes to Nanjing have taken place.（2）use n.用途; 使用能力; 運(yùn)用頭腦（或身體）的能力; vt.用，使用; 行使，【常用短語】used to (do sth.) “過去常常(做某事)”批注： 否定形式：didnt use to / usednt to get/be used to(doing sth. )“習(xí)慣于(做某事)【例句】He used to go fishing every Saturday. But since he changed his job, hes bare

4、ly(幾乎不) had a chance. He thinks hell never be used to this busy lifestyle.【拓展】useful adj. 有用的；useless adj. 無用的知識(shí)點(diǎn)3：I first lived in the northern part of the town with my parents.(P8)北南西東東南東北西南西北adj.northern southernwesterneasternsoutheasternnorthwesternnorthwesternnorthwesternn .northsouthwesteastso

5、utheastnorthwestnorthwestnorthwest【例句】Beijing is in the northern part of China.批注：注意in the north與 in the northern part of 的同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：Beijing is in the north of China.=Beijing is in the northern part of China.知識(shí)點(diǎn)4：When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and weve lived in this a

6、rea since then.(P8)當(dāng)我1965結(jié)婚的時(shí)候，我的妻子和我搬到了兩個(gè)街區(qū)之外，從那之后我一直住在那個(gè)地方。（1）marry: vt.& vi.（使）結(jié)婚; 娶; 嫁; 結(jié)合; marry sb 與某人結(jié)婚 marry A to B 把A嫁給B adj. married 已婚的; 短語：A and B get married /A get(s) married to B n marriage 婚姻 【例句】Some young couples got married on that day.（2）move: vt.& vi.移動(dòng)，搬動(dòng); 使感動(dòng)【常用短語】move

7、 away 搬走 move into 搬進(jìn) move out of 搬出.【例句】Every year millions of people moved into the city while millions of people moved away.知識(shí)點(diǎn)5： Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park.(P8)turn into 進(jìn)入，拐進(jìn)；（使）成為，（使）進(jìn)入 turn. into把.變成【例句】I saw him turn into the library. How can you tu

8、rn a bottle of water into a bottle of orange juice?【常用短語】turn on開 turn off 關(guān) turn up 調(diào)高；開大(音量、煤氣等) turn down 調(diào)低；關(guān)小(音量、煤氣、燈火等) turn over把翻過來 turn back 往回走turn left 向左轉(zhuǎn) turn right 向右轉(zhuǎn) 知識(shí)點(diǎn)6：There was once a steel factory near the Sunshine River.(P9) 陽光河附近曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)鋼鐵廠。once: adv.曾經(jīng) =used to 【例句】There was onc

9、e a shopping centre here.=There used to be a shopping centre here. n.一次，一回; = one time 【例句】I am used to doing exercise once a week.知識(shí)點(diǎn)7：They often put the waste into the river.(P9)他們經(jīng)常把垃圾放到河里。短語：put sth into 把放進(jìn)，使進(jìn)入【例句】Please put the food into the fridge.【常用短語】put away 拿走，儲(chǔ)存?zhèn)溆?put back放回；向后移put down

10、寫下；記下 put on 穿上put off 延期；推遲 put out 熄滅；關(guān)熄；撲滅put up 舉起；抬起；張貼知識(shí)點(diǎn)8：Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.(P9)后來政府意識(shí)到這個(gè)問題并采取行動(dòng)去改善這種情況。（1）realize v. 意識(shí)到；實(shí)現(xiàn)=come true【例句】My dream comes true.=I realize my dream.（2） improve v 提高；改善；改進(jìn) n. improvement 提高，改進(jìn)；【常用短語】

11、improve living standard提高生活水平; improve your English;改善你的英語；【例句】Do you know how to improve your memory?知識(shí)點(diǎn)9: Now the river is much cleaner. (P9)現(xiàn)在河流干凈了很多。此處的much 用于修飾形容詞比較級(jí)。類似的用法還有：much; still; even; far; a little; a bit; a lot; 【例句】-How do you feel today? -Even worse.知識(shí)點(diǎn)10: Well, in some ways it is.

12、(P9)好的，在某種程度上它是。短語in some ways 在某些方面，在某種程度上【例句】In some ways, I do agree with you.【拓展】1. in many ways 在許多方面；用許多方法； in this way用這種方法； 2. on ones way to表示“在某人去的路上”；(home/here/there這幾個(gè)詞前不需要加to)3. by the way表示“順便說/問一句”； 4. all the way表示“全程；一直”；5. in a way在某一點(diǎn)上,在某種程度上6. in the way 擋道 in the way of sb擋在某人路

13、上知識(shí)點(diǎn)11:It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.(P9)對(duì)我們來說像以前一樣的經(jīng)常見面已經(jīng)變得不可能了。（1）此處的it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式 to see each other.常用句型：It is +adj+ for sb to do sth. 對(duì)某人來說做某事是怎樣的。【例句】It is dangerous for us to go out alone at night. （2）as often as before 像以前一樣的經(jīng)常 as . as 像一樣。知識(shí)點(diǎn)12:N

14、ow I feel a bit lonely from time to time. (P9)現(xiàn)在我經(jīng)常會(huì)感到有點(diǎn)孤單。（1）lonely: adj.孤獨(dú)的，孤單的; 寂寞的; 荒涼的【常用短語】feel lonely【詞匯拓展】alone adv. 單獨(dú),獨(dú)自=by oneself=on ones own【例句】1.Our teacher asks us to finish the task alone.=Our teacher asks us to finish the task by ourselves. =Our teacher asks us to finish the task on

15、 our own. 2. My grandma lives alone, so she feels lonely sometimes.（2）time: n 時(shí)間; 次數(shù);時(shí)代(常用復(fù)數(shù))【常用短語】at the same time 同時(shí) 及時(shí)；適時(shí) on time 按時(shí)，準(zhǔn)時(shí)；按時(shí)all the time 始終，一直 at a time 一次；每次；在某時(shí)from time to time 不時(shí)，有時(shí) for the first time 首次；第一次知識(shí)點(diǎn)13:I have learned more about Beijings past and present.（P14）我對(duì)北京的現(xiàn)在和過

16、去了解的更多了。Beijings past and present=the past and present of Beijing一般s形式的所有格表示有生命的所有關(guān)系。一些無生命的名詞，如：時(shí)間，國家、城市等地點(diǎn)以及價(jià)格、重量、距離等名詞也可以在詞尾加s來構(gòu)成所有格。 a seven days holiday 一個(gè)七天的假期 Londons weather 倫敦的天氣 ten dollars sugar 十美元的糖 of 所有格由“of + 名詞或名詞短語”構(gòu)成，修飾前面的名詞，表示無生命的名詞的所有格。如a map of China 一張中國地圖有些名詞既可以用s所有格，也可以用of所有格

17、，兩者可互換。the son of our teacher = our teachers son 我們老師的兒子二、同步例題分析例1：-What are they doing at_ (現(xiàn)在)? -They are interviewing Mr. Green答案：present;例2：My cousin is used to _(study) with his new friends in Australia.解析：該題考查的是be used to doing表達(dá)習(xí)慣的用法。答案：studying；例3：Guangzhou is in the _(south) part of China.解

18、析：該題考查的是south的形容詞形式：southern. 答案：southern；例4：Though he lives alone, he has a lot of friends and doesnt feel _(孤獨(dú)的). 解析：該題考查的是lonely與alone的區(qū)別。答案：lonely;例5：He didnt _(意識(shí)到)he took the wrong bus until the bus came to the last stop.解析：單詞realize拼寫。本句是一般過去時(shí)，didnt后面用動(dòng)詞原形。答案：realize;例6：我們應(yīng)該做一些什么來改善這種情況。(翻譯句子

19、) We should do something to _ _ _ .答案：improve the situation;例7：Mary married Simon in 1999.(改為同義句) Mary and Simon _ _ in 1999.解析:A marry B =A and B get married,句中是過去時(shí)所以用got.答案：got married;例8：I miss my old friend sometimes.(改為同義句) I miss my old friend _ _ _ _.解析：sometimes=from time to time=at times.答案

20、：from time to time;例9：People wear different types of clothes at different _(time)(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)解析：times表示時(shí)代，at different times在不同的時(shí)代。答案：times;例10：-What do you think of Mr. Greens words? -well,_, I agree with him. A. by the way B. on the way C. in some ways D. in the way答案：C;解析： by the way順便說/問一句;in t

21、he way 擋道;on the way 在路上；in some ways 從某種程度上。三、課堂達(dá)標(biāo)檢測檢測題1：詞匯1. Sandy has a lot of friends, so she never feels _(寂寞).2. That reporter had an _(采訪) with Jay Chou last week.3. Years ago, the government _(意識(shí)到) it was a serious problem and took action to reduce the pollution.4. Kitty got _(結(jié)婚) last year.

22、 Her husband is a computer programmer.5. Many places are _(污染) all over the world, so we have to do something to help the earth.6. We all hope we should have more _(開闊的) space in the city.7.The environment has (改變) a lot.檢測題2：單項(xiàng)選擇( )1.We invite experts to give us talks . A.from a day and night B.fro

23、m time to time C.from past to now D.from one to another( )2.The child has come to school by bike his own. A.in B.by C.on D.of() 3. The place has turned _ a garden already. A. in B. into C. to D. for( ) 4. He used to _ model planes after school. Now he often plays football with his friends. A. make B

24、. making C. be made D. being made( )5. The old man lives _ in a _ house, but he doesnt feel _. A. alone; alone; lonely B. lonely; lonely; alone C. alone; lonely; lonely D. alone; lonely; alone檢測題3：1.政府已經(jīng)把這個(gè)地方變成了一個(gè)公園。The already the place a park.2.我不時(shí)地感到寂寞。 I time time.3.工廠以前經(jīng)常把它的廢物倒進(jìn)河里。The factory t

25、o into the river.4.我們必須采取行動(dòng)來改善這種狀況。 We must to the .5.他不像以前那樣經(jīng)常見老朋友。 He cant see his old friends . =二、專題精講 知識(shí)點(diǎn)2： Present perfect tense (現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))項(xiàng)目內(nèi)容備注概念表示一個(gè)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果和影響。 Eddie has eaten my food. (Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.)表示一個(gè)從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。Eddie has l

26、ived with Mille since he was born.Eddie has lived with Mille for four years. 構(gòu)成助動(dòng)詞has/have +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 動(dòng)詞過去分詞規(guī)則變化跟對(duì)應(yīng)的過去式一樣，在后面加ed.特殊變化詳見書本。（P122-123）肯定形式They have finished their homework.He has finished his homework.縮略形式：they have=theyve;he has=hes否定形式They havent finished their homework.He hasnt finish

27、ed his homework. 疑問形式Have they finished their homework?Yes, they have. / No, they havent. 關(guān)鍵詞already(用于肯定句), yet(用于否定句和疑問句), since+一點(diǎn)時(shí)間, for+一段時(shí)間, never, ever, three times(其它表示頻率的詞, once, twice等)before, recently, in the past/last few years, so far, this month, today, now 表示過去某一個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在情況依然存在。這時(shí)一般不用

28、時(shí)間狀語。I have lost my pen.包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語如today, this month, this week等有時(shí)也用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 例1：( ) -Do you know the moving story of Jack and Rose? (2012淮安) -Of course. I _the film Titanic several times. A. see B. saw C. have seen D. had seen 解析：該題考查的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。因有several times。答案C。例2：( ) Your English is good. (2012宿遷)

29、 Thank you. I _ it for three years.A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. had learned解析：該題考查的是標(biāo)志性詞for與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。答案C。例3：( ) John, you _ the computer game for two hours. Its bad for your eyes. Stop, please! OK, Mum. A. played B. have played C. were playing D. play 解析：該題考查的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法。 句中有for ten hours 所以用hav

30、e+done.答案:選B知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：already與yet用法區(qū)別already 用于肯定句，一般放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間。yet用于否定句和疑問句，一般至于句末。例1：I have already worked out this math problem? (改為否定句) I worked out the math problem . 解析：already與yet的轉(zhuǎn)換.答案是 have not; yet 知識(shí)點(diǎn)3：since 和for用法區(qū)別(1)since的用法since 后面加點(diǎn)時(shí)間，如since nearly three years ago或since2008. since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語

31、從句時(shí)，后面的時(shí)間狀語從句動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí).(2) for的用法：for后加一段時(shí)間。since/for 可以通過ago進(jìn)行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。例：They have worked in the factory since ten months ago.= They have worked in the factory for ten yearsWe have learned English for nearly three years. =We have learned English since three years ago.例1： I havent seen you _ last Friday

32、. A. forB. since C. fromD. on解析：后面的last Friday 是具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)，所以應(yīng)該用since,選B這里需要提醒學(xué)生雖然此題后面的last是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間標(biāo)志，但是跟since連用之后要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例2：( ) Mr. White came to our school in 2008, and since then he _ us English. (2011鹽城)A. teachesB. taughtC. has taughtD. will teach解析：該題考查的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志性詞since，since then自那以后，縮略形式的時(shí)間狀語從句，后

33、面是主句，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).答案C。二、專題過關(guān)檢測題（一）：用所給此詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. It （rain）for a week.2. I dont know this woman. I （ never，meet）her.3.Lets go to the cinema.No, I （see, already）the film.4. We （ not, finish）our homework yet. Will you wait a minute?5. John （ not, come）yet. He will be back in a minute.6. Mr. Green often goes to America. In fact, he （be）there ten times.7. Wheres John? He just （go）to the