初中英語(yǔ)八種基本時(shí)態(tài)

1、初中英語(yǔ)八種基本時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1、概念：1）表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day, twice a week, on Sunday, etc.（提問(wèn)用How often）例：I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2） 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。例：The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。Shanghai lies in the east of Chin

2、a. 上海位于中國(guó)東部。3） 格言或警句。例：Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必?cái)?。注意：賓語(yǔ)從句中，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)是客觀真理也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實(shí)了地球是圓的。2、結(jié)構(gòu)：表狀態(tài) S+ am/is/are+ P  （句中有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞不用be）表動(dòng)作 S+V原+O （若主語(yǔ)是單三人稱，謂動(dòng)加s/es。）3、句式變化：變疑問(wèn)，有be把be提到主語(yǔ)前；無(wú)be在主語(yǔ)前加do/does，謂動(dòng)變?yōu)樵巍?變否定，有be在be后加“not”；無(wú)be在主語(yǔ)后加dont/doe

3、snt，謂動(dòng)變?yōu)樵?。例?They are in the classroom.  Are they in the classroom? Yes, they are./No, they arent.    They arent in the classroom He often waters the flowers . Does he often water the flowers? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.  He doesnt often water the flowers、 一般過(guò)去時(shí)1、 

4、概念：1）表示在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, just now, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982. at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, etc.例：Where did you go just now? 2）表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例：When I was a child, I often played football in the street.2、結(jié)構(gòu)：表狀態(tài) &#

5、160;S+ was/were+ P表動(dòng)作  S+V過(guò)去式+O  （注：句中有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞不用be）3、句式變化：變疑問(wèn)，有be把be提到主語(yǔ)前；無(wú)be在主語(yǔ)前加did，謂動(dòng)變?yōu)樵巍?變否定，有be在be后直接加“not”；無(wú)be在主語(yǔ)后加didnt，謂動(dòng)變?yōu)樵?例： She was in Xian last month. Was she in Xian last month? Yes, she was. /No, she wasnt.  She wasnt in Xian last month. Danny grew a rose just now, 

6、 Did Danny grow a rose just now? Yes, he did. / No, he didnt.  Danny didnt grow a rose just now,、 一般將來(lái)時(shí)1. 概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 時(shí)間詞:tomorrow, tomorrow morning, at seven o'clock tomorrow evening, next year, this year, at the end of this term, from now，in ten minutes, in 2025例：They will do an e

7、xperiment tomorrow afternoon.    Brian is going to draw twenty pictures at the end of this term.2、  結(jié)構(gòu)：S +will+ V原+其他 (will 可改為be going to ,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一人稱時(shí)will可用shall) 例：Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先讀哪一段呢？Will you/(Are you going to）be at home at seven this evening? 3、  句式

8、變化：變疑問(wèn)，把will提到主語(yǔ)前； 變否定，在will后直接加“not”。例; She will drive to Beijing next week.  Will she drive to Beijing next week? Yes, she will. / No, she wont.  She wont drive to Beijing next week.  be going to + V原表示a. 主語(yǔ)的意圖，即將做某事。例：What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。例：The play is g

9、oing to be produced next month。c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事。例：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. be +不定式：表示將來(lái)，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。例：We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我們下星期六將討論這份報(bào)告。    be about to + V原：意為馬上要做某事。例：He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。注：be about to do 不能與tomo

10、rrow, next week 等表示明確的將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)1）下列動(dòng)詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)，主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點(diǎn)開(kāi)。When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什么時(shí)候開(kāi)？十分鐘后。2）以here, there等開(kāi)始的倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例如：Here comes the bus. = Th

11、e bus is coming. 車來(lái)了。There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等終止性動(dòng)詞可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。例：I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。Are you staying here till next week? 你會(huì)在這兒呆到下周嗎？ 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 1.概念：表示站在過(guò)去看將要發(fā)出的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。因時(shí)間的參照點(diǎn)是過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中,或根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境確定。2.結(jié)構(gòu)

12、：S +would+ V原+其他         S +was/were going to + V原例：He said that he would have an exam next Friday.Jenny asked who was going to give them a report.I knew that he wouldnt move to Japan with his parents next year. 、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 1. 概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now, at this time

13、, these days,以及有l(wèi)ook, listen時(shí)。例：Listen！The birds are singing.2、結(jié)構(gòu)：S + am/is/are + doing               助動(dòng)     現(xiàn)在分詞3、句式變化：變疑問(wèn)，把a(bǔ)m/is/are提到主語(yǔ)前； 變否定，在am/is/are后直接加“not”。 例： I am writing a letter now.   Are you

14、 writing a letter now? Yes, I am. /No, Im not.   I am not writing a letter now. (注：am和not不能縮寫。) The boys are playing football.   Are the boys playing football?Yes, they are. / No, they arent.  The boys arent playing football.、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： 1. 概念：表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 .時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at th

15、is time yesterday, at that time，at 8:00 yesterday,或有when / while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句等。 例：We were having an English class at 9:30 yesterday morning.I was reading a book while my mother was watching TV. 2、結(jié)構(gòu)：S + was/were + doing 3、句式變化：變疑問(wèn)，把was/were提到主語(yǔ)前； 變否定，在was/were后直接加“not”。例：At that time they were working i

16、n the garden.   Were they working in the garden at that time? Yes, they were. / No, they werent.     At that time they were working in the garden. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.  When he came in, were you      reading a newspaper? Y

17、es, I was. / No, I wasnt.When he came in, I wasnt reading a newspaper.、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： 1.      表示：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。時(shí)間詞：ever, never, already, yet, before, just, recently/ lately(最近)， in the past few years 2.      或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 時(shí)間詞：for + 時(shí)間段，sinc

18、e +過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句。（提問(wèn)用How long）例：The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.     He has learned French for two years.2.結(jié)構(gòu)：S + have/has + done             助動(dòng)    過(guò)去分詞3.      句式變化：變疑問(wèn)，把h

19、ave/has提到主語(yǔ)前； 變否定，在have/has后直接加“not”。例： I've already written an article.   Have you written an article yet? Yes, I have. / No, I havent.   I havent written an article yet. Li Ming has lived in Shijiazhuang since 1993.   Has Li Ming lived in Shijiazhuang since 1993? Yes, he ha

20、s. / No, he hasnt.Li Ming hasnt lived in Shijiazhuang since 1993. 比較一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某具體時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的造成影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是結(jié)果。2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例：I saw this film yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了）I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了）Why did you get up so e

21、arly? （強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了）Who hasn't handed in his paper? （強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子未交，指結(jié)果）He joined the League three years ago. （強(qiáng)調(diào)加入這一動(dòng)作）He has been a League member for three years. （是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)）句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。（錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對(duì)）Tom wr

22、ote a letter to his parents last night.、 過(guò)去完成時(shí)： 1.概念：以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為；或過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間前一個(gè)持續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。 句中必須有過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間做參照點(diǎn)，常用于在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中；before, after, by the time, until , when, once, as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中；或根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境確定。     -|-|-|-> 過(guò)去以前  &#

23、160;過(guò)去   現(xiàn)在例：She said （that）she had never been to Paris. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.2.結(jié)構(gòu)：S + had + done3.句式變化：變疑問(wèn)，把had提到主語(yǔ)前； 變否定，在had后直接加“not”。例：He had finished his homework before he went to pl

24、ay outside.Had he finished his homework before he went to play outside.  Yes, he had. / No, he hadnt.He hadnt finished his homework before he went to play outside.注意：1. had hardly when 還沒(méi)等 就。例如：I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我剛打開(kāi)門，他就打了我。2.had no soonerthan 剛 就。例如：He had no so

25、oner bought the car than he sold it.他剛買了這輛車，轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣了。英語(yǔ)八種基本時(shí)態(tài)綜合復(fù)習(xí) 種 類 意義 時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞 構(gòu)成特點(diǎn) 特殊用法 一般現(xiàn)在 時(shí) 經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣上做某件事或事物存在的狀態(tài)；主語(yǔ)具備的性格和能力。 always, often, usually, sometimes等；every day/week/year, once a year, on Sundays/weekdays/weekends等。 動(dòng)詞be用am/is/are;當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三稱單數(shù)時(shí)動(dòng)詞加-s/-es;其他情況動(dòng)詞用原形。 表示將來(lái)：在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中；客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行 時(shí) 現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的事。 Look! Listen! now; at this moment; these days 主語(yǔ)+be(am/is/are)+V-ing 表示將來(lái)：但只限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞如：come, go, fly，leave,start等。 一般將來(lái) 時(shí)