初中被動(dòng)語態(tài)的奧秘

1、初中被動(dòng)語態(tài)的奧秘初中被動(dòng)語態(tài)的奧秘v中考必考的重點(diǎn)語法 de奧秘一一、主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)： 語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它表示主語語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它表示主語和謂語的關(guān)系。和謂語的關(guān)系。 主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者的執(zhí)行者;被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者者 。 英語的動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語態(tài)英語的動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語態(tài)(The Active Voice)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)（The Passive Voice)。e.g. 1.They make trains in Zhuzhou . (答案答案） Trains ar

2、e made in Zhuzhou. （答案答案）2.The farmers grow cotton every year. （答案答案 ）Cotton is grown by the farmers every year. （答案答案）主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)二二、 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成： be+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的過去分詞考點(diǎn)一 被動(dòng)語態(tài)常用的8種時(shí)態(tài)歌訣：被動(dòng)語態(tài)be字變，過去分詞后面跟 含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can/may/must/should）+be+及物動(dòng)詞過去分詞及物動(dòng)詞過

3、去分詞 e.g 1、This bike can be repaired. 2、The tree must be put straight in the hole. 3、The classroom should be cleaned every day.把下列主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句：把下列主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句：1、We should plant the trees around the lake. The trees around the lake.2、We must repair the computer now .The compture now.3、Students should correct the

4、ir mistakes .Their mistakes4、We must water the trees well.The trees well. should be planted must be repaired should be corrected . must be watered 歌訣：賓變主，主變賓，歌訣：賓變主，主變賓，by短語后面跟短語后面跟謂語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，謂語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，be后后“過分過分”來使用來使用e.g Many people speak English.Englishis spokenby manypeople. 主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的步驟主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的步驟：第

5、一步，先確定主動(dòng)句的主、謂、賓，找出其中的謂語動(dòng)詞；第一步，先確定主動(dòng)句的主、謂、賓，找出其中的謂語動(dòng)詞；第二步，把主動(dòng)句中謂語動(dòng)詞后面的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語，若第二步，把主動(dòng)句中謂語動(dòng)詞后面的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語，若賓語是人稱代詞時(shí)，應(yīng)把賓語變?yōu)橹鞲?；賓語是人稱代詞時(shí)，應(yīng)把賓語變?yōu)橹鞲?；第三步，把主?dòng)句中的謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榈谌剑阎鲃?dòng)句中的謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤爸鷦?dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞去分詞”，但時(shí)態(tài)不能改變；，但時(shí)態(tài)不能改變；第四步，把主動(dòng)句中謂語動(dòng)詞前面的主語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中介詞第四步，把主動(dòng)句中謂語動(dòng)詞前面的主語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中介詞by的的賓語（沒必要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)可省略

6、），若主語是人稱代詞賓語（沒必要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)可省略），若主語是人稱代詞時(shí)，應(yīng)把主格變?yōu)橘e格。時(shí)，應(yīng)把主格變?yōu)橘e格。一、把下列的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的句子：一、把下列的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的句子：1、They speak English in Canada .(English.)2、People use wood for making tables. （wood.）3、They make computers in the USA.（Computers）4、They grow rice in South China.（Rice）English is spoken in Canada.Wood is

7、used for making tables.Computer are made in the USA.Rice is grown in South China.5.Chinese people built the Great Wall 2,000 years ago. 6. We must plant more trees next year here. 7.Dalian produces big ships. 8.Farmers harvest rice in autumn . 9.We should clean our classroom every day.The Great Wall

8、 was built by Chinese people 2000 years ago.More trees must be planted here next year.Big ships are produced in Dalian.Rice is harvested in autumn.Our classroom should be cleaned every day.二、單項(xiàng)選擇題：二、單項(xiàng)選擇題： ( )1.-Where are bananas _? - _ grown in South China. A. grow, Its B.grown, Its C.grown, Theyre

9、 D.grew, Theyre( )2.The League _ in May , 1922. A. is founded B.was founded C. is built D. was built( )3.The strange thing with three legs_. A. used to drink B. are used for drinking C. is used for drinking D. used for drinking CBC( )4. TV programmes can_ to the other side of the world. A. send B. b

10、e sent C. make D. be made( )5. We must _ our homework every day. A. be finished B. finish C. are finished D. finished( )6. All the houses when they got there. A.pull down B. was pulled down C.had been pulled down D.have been pulled downBBC考點(diǎn)一被動(dòng)語態(tài)的應(yīng)用考點(diǎn)一被動(dòng)語態(tài)的應(yīng)用( )1. 11蘭州中考蘭州中考In many places in China,

11、the old over 90 _ not only by their family but also by the government. A. is taking good careB. are taken good care ofC. is taking good care ofD. are taken good care( )2. 11銅仁中考銅仁中考Bamboo can _ paper. A. used to make B. be used makeC. be used to makeD. be used to making( )3.09.遼寧遼寧 The thief by the

12、policeman already.A . h a s c a u g h t B . h a s b e e n c a u g h t C. caught D. is caught( )4. 11陜西中考陜西中考Driving after drinking wine _ in China. A. allows B. doesnt allowC. is allowed D. isnt allowed( )5. 10南通中考南通中考The disabled people shouldnt _. Instead, we should be friendly to them. A. look do

13、wn B. look down onC. be looked down on D. be looked down( )6.10.安順中考安順中考 I to leave at once, or Ill be late for the meeting.A.tell B. be told C. am told D. was toldsummary：1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)2、一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)、一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)3、一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)、一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)5、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 6、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

14、、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 7、過去將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)、過去將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)8、過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)、過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 9、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) am/is /are + p.pwas/were + p.pwill/shall + p.pam/is/are going to be+ p.pam/is/are being + p.phave/has been + p.pwas/were being + p.p should/would be + p.pwas/were going to be + p.p had been + p.p 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + p.pToda

15、ys homeworkvStudents exercice books P82vPapers on The Passive VoicevThank you for your attention!vGoodbye!考點(diǎn)二被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種特殊形式考點(diǎn)二被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種特殊形式1. 主動(dòng)句中感官動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)句中感官動(dòng)詞see/ hear/ watch/ feel等和使役動(dòng)詞等和使役動(dòng)詞make/ let/ have等詞后跟省略等詞后跟省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)加的動(dòng)詞不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)加上不定式符號(hào)上不定式符號(hào)to。We saw an alien get out of the UFO. A

16、n alien was seen to get out of the UFO. 【提醒提醒】后接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，后接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)部分不變。賓補(bǔ)部分不變。對(duì)比：對(duì)比：We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room. Jim was heard playing the guitar in his room. 2. 謂語動(dòng)詞后接雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞后接雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）時(shí)，（1）把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語不變。）把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語不變。（2）把直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z

17、，間接賓語前通常加介詞）把直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語前通常加介詞to或或for。加加to的動(dòng)詞有：的動(dòng)詞有：give, bring, pass, lend, read, write, teach, show等；加等；加for的動(dòng)詞有：的動(dòng)詞有：buy, sing, choose, make, leave, mend等。等。3. 句中謂語是動(dòng)詞短語時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要注意其完整性。句中謂語是動(dòng)詞短語時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要注意其完整性。Jack turned on the TV just now. The TV was turned on by Jack just now. 4. 帶有復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞

18、變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只需把賓語帶有復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只需把賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語仍保留原處，作主語補(bǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語仍保留原處，作主語補(bǔ)足語。足語。Our teacher told us to clean the classroom at once. We were told to clean the classroom at once. 5. 主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)(1) feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被等系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。動(dòng)含義。The dishes smell so delicious.

19、 菜聞起來真香。菜聞起來真香。Your idea sounds better. 你的主意聽起來更好。你的主意聽起來更好。(2)有些動(dòng)詞如有些動(dòng)詞如smell, sell, cut, drive, wash, clean, write, open, lock等作為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含等作為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。義。Books of Harry Potter sell well. 哈利哈利波特波特系列的書很暢銷。系列的書很暢銷。My pen writes smoothly. 我的鋼筆寫起字來很流暢。我的鋼筆寫起字來很流暢。(3) sth. need/ want/

20、require doing相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于 sth. need/ want/ require to be done (不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))。Your room needs cleaning. = Your room needs to be cleaned. 你的房間需要打掃了。你的房間需要打掃了。(4) be worth doing(值得做值得做) 中的中的doing表示被動(dòng)含義。表示被動(dòng)含義。The movie is worth watching by everyone. 這部電影值得所有人看一看。這部電影值得所有人看一看。不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況1. 系動(dòng)詞、不及物動(dòng)

21、詞或動(dòng)詞短語沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。系動(dòng)詞、不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：例如：come true; fall asleep; keep quiet; take place等；等；2. 主動(dòng)句的賓語是不定式或主動(dòng)句的賓語是不定式或doing時(shí)不能用作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語；時(shí)不能用作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語；to do不定式一般不作被動(dòng)語態(tài)主語。不定式一般不作被動(dòng)語態(tài)主語。3. 反身代詞或反身代詞或each other不能作為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語。不能作為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語。被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別“be + p. p. ”表示動(dòng)作時(shí)是被動(dòng)語態(tài)；表示動(dòng)作時(shí)是被動(dòng)語態(tài)；“be + p. p. ”表示

22、主語所處的狀態(tài)時(shí)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。表示主語所處的狀態(tài)時(shí)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。1. 含有含有“by + 賓語賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，此時(shí)為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，此時(shí)為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。The window is broken. 窗戶壞了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）窗戶壞了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The window is broken by me. 窗戶是我打破的。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）窗戶是我打破的。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）2. 句中有地點(diǎn)、頻率或時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，一般是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句中有地點(diǎn)、頻率或時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，一般是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。The door was closed. 門是關(guān)著的。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）門是關(guān)著的。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The door was closed at

23、 9: 00. 九點(diǎn)鐘關(guān)的門。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）九點(diǎn)鐘關(guān)的門。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）3. 系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常用介詞搭配，被動(dòng)語態(tài)中沒有介詞搭配。系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常用介詞搭配，被動(dòng)語態(tài)中沒有介詞搭配。Were worried about the boy. 我們擔(dān)心那個(gè)男孩。我們擔(dān)心那個(gè)男孩。4. 系表結(jié)構(gòu)的過去分詞可以被副詞修飾。系表結(jié)構(gòu)的過去分詞可以被副詞修飾。Im really surprised at the news. 我對(duì)這個(gè)消息真的感到很驚訝。我對(duì)這個(gè)消息真的感到很驚訝。5. 系表結(jié)構(gòu)通常只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)系表結(jié)構(gòu)通常只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)?？捎糜诙喾N時(shí)態(tài)。 were planted The bridge waswas invitedplay把下列句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子；把下列句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子；1、They planted these trees on weekends . These trees on weekends.2、The workers built the bridge in 1968 built by the workers in 1968.3、People invited Yao Ming to play basketball in The USA. Yao Ming