高中生物 第7章 第2節(jié) 現(xiàn)代生物進(jìn)化理論的主要內(nèi)容課件 新人教版必修2 (42)

1、必修必修 4 Unit 2 Working the land 重點(diǎn)單詞重點(diǎn)單詞1._n. 統(tǒng)計(jì)；統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計(jì)資料2. _vt.& vi. 斗爭(zhēng)；拼搏；努力3. _n. 十年；十年期4. _n. 產(chǎn)量；輸出_n. 輸入5. _ adj. 引起煩惱的；令人不安的_adj. 心煩意亂的；煩惱的_v. 擾亂，打擾6. _vt.& vi. 使變大；伸展_ n. 擴(kuò)張，擴(kuò)大；發(fā)展7. _vt.& vi. 循環(huán)；流傳_ n. 循環(huán)8. _n. 自由；自主statistic struggledecadeoutputinputdisturbingdisturbeddisturbexpa

2、ndexpansioncirculatecirculationfreedom學(xué)生用書見P85 重點(diǎn)單詞重點(diǎn)單詞9. _vt.& vi. 配備；裝備 _n. 設(shè)備；裝備10. _ vt.& vi. 輸出；出口 _ v. 進(jìn)口11. _ n. 國(guó)籍12. _n. 工作；職業(yè)；占領(lǐng)13. _vt. 使迷惑；使為難 _adj. 令人迷惑的 _adj. 感到迷惑的 _n. 迷惑14. _vt. 遺憾；惋惜n.遺憾；懊悔15. _ n. 細(xì)菌 _ (復(fù)數(shù))equipequipmentexportimportnationalityoccupationconfuseconfusingconfu

3、sedconfusionregretbacteriumbacteria 重點(diǎn)單詞重點(diǎn)單詞16. _ n. 營(yíng)養(yǎng)；滋潤(rùn)；食物_ adj. 有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的17. _n. 礦物；礦石18. _ n. 發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺 _vt. 發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺19. _vt. 減少；縮減20. _vt. 瀏覽；略讀21. _ vt. 劃底線標(biāo)出；強(qiáng)調(diào)22. _ n. 總結(jié)；摘要；概要_vt. 總結(jié)23._n. 評(píng)論；議論vi.& vt.表達(dá)意見；作出評(píng)論nutritionnutritiousmineraldiscoverydiscoverreduceskimunderlinesummarysummarizecomment 重

4、點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)短語1. _ 幸虧；由于；因?yàn)?. _ 擺脫；除去3. _ 對(duì)感到滿意4. _ 寧愿；寧可5. _ 逐漸增強(qiáng)；建立；開發(fā)6. _ 導(dǎo)致；造成（后果）7. _ 集中（注意力、精力等）于8. _ 使免受（影響，傷等）；使不含（有害物）thanks torid.ofbe satisfied withwould ratherbuild uplead tofocus onkeep.free from/of1.if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中的省略If so， what did you do to grow them? (教材P9)2.“what be called”意為“所謂的”Dr Yuan gr

5、ows what is called super hybrid rice.(教材P10)3.would rather do sth.寧愿做某事And he would much rather keep time for his hobbies. (教材P10)4.含有全體概念的代詞、形容詞和副詞+not，表示部分否定One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people. (教材P10) 重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)句型動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作主語和賓語作主語：Since then, fi

6、nding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. (教材P10)作賓語：As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. (教材P10)語法要點(diǎn)語法要點(diǎn)struggle vt., vi.& n斗爭(zhēng)，拼搏；努力；掙扎Indeed， his sunburnt face and arms and his slim， strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers， for

7、 whom he has struggled for the past five decades. (教材P10)的確，他那被太陽曬得黝黑的臉龐和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又結(jié)實(shí)的身體，就跟其他千百萬的中國(guó)農(nóng)民一樣，過去50年來，他一直在努力幫助他們。1學(xué)生用書見P86struggle to do sth. (=make great efforts to do sth.) 艱難地做某事，掙扎著做某事struggle for 為而斗爭(zhēng)struggle with/against 與作斗爭(zhēng)；同搏斗struggle to ones feet 掙扎著站起來 He has been struggling to

8、succeed in his business.He has been struggling for success in his business.為使事業(yè)成功，他一直努力奮斗著。 v Those climbers struggled against the strong wind and finally reached the top of the mountain.那些登山者在強(qiáng)風(fēng)中艱難的行走，最終到達(dá)山頂。 The injured man struggled to his feet.受傷的他掙扎著站起來。expand vt.& vi.使變大；伸展Dr Yuan searched

9、 for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. (教材P10)袁博士要在不增加土地面積的基礎(chǔ)上尋求達(dá)到增收稻谷的途徑。2 expand into 擴(kuò)展成為；膨脹成為 expand on/upon sth. 詳細(xì)闡明；充分?jǐn)⑹?2)expansion n.擴(kuò)展；擴(kuò)大；膨脹(1) expand擴(kuò)張，膨脹，不僅指尺寸的增加，還可以指范圍和體積的擴(kuò)大。extend延長(zhǎng)，延伸，指空間范圍的擴(kuò)大，以及長(zhǎng)度、寬度的向外延伸，也可以指時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)。spread伸開，展現(xiàn)，傳播，指向四面八方擴(kuò)大傳播范圍，

10、如傳播（疾病），散布（信息）等。 stretch 伸展，拉長(zhǎng)，一般指由曲變直、由短變長(zhǎng)的伸展，不是加長(zhǎng)。 The small pocket dictionary was expanded into a full-sized one.那部袖珍小詞典經(jīng)增訂成為大型詞典。 Im satisfied with your explanation, so there is no need to expand on/upon it.我對(duì)你的解釋很滿意，因此無需再作詳細(xì)說明。 The European powers extended their authority in Asia.歐洲列強(qiáng)在亞洲擴(kuò)大他們的管轄

11、權(quán)。 The flag was spread out in the wind.那面旗子在風(fēng)中展開了。 Shes stretched out in the sun.她伸開四肢躺在太陽下。equip vt.& vi.裝備；配備He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture. (教材P10)于是，他拿出好幾百萬元幫助其他人進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究。3 equip.with. 用裝備 equip.for sth./to do sth. 為了而裝備 well/poorly equi

12、pped 設(shè)備精良的/較差的 equipment n. 裝備，設(shè)備（不可數(shù)名詞） a piece of equipment 一件設(shè)備（1）（2） They cant afford to equip their army.他們無力裝備自己的軍隊(duì)。 She was equipped with knowledge for the vocation.她具備從事這項(xiàng)職業(yè)的知識(shí)。 The President is equipped for public speaking.這位總統(tǒng)具有演說才能。 The countrys former government had poorly equipped local

13、 schools.這個(gè)國(guó)家的前政府對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐膶W(xué)校教學(xué)設(shè)施配備少得可憐。confuse vt.使迷惑；使為難；使混亂；混淆It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students. (教材P13 )把這個(gè)再解釋一遍很重要，否則我們就會(huì)使學(xué)生感到迷惑。4(1)confuse.and/with. 把和混淆 confused adj. 困惑的，煩惱的(以人作主語) be/get confused about.對(duì)感到困惑(3)confusion n 混亂；迷惑(4)confusing adj. 令人費(fèi)解的；使人困惑的(以物作

14、主語)（2） They asked so many questions that they confused me.他們問了許許多多的問題，把我弄糊涂了。 People are confused about all the different labels on food these days.人們?nèi)缃癖荒切┪寤ò碎T的食物標(biāo)簽搞得稀里糊涂。 There was a confused look on his face when he met with the confusing problem.當(dāng)他遇到這個(gè)令人費(fèi)解的難題時(shí)，他臉上露出了困惑的表情。regret v可惜，后悔，遺憾；惋惜 n. 遺

15、憾，抱歉His father says that he has never regretted sending his son to study abroad. (教材P13)他父親說他從不后悔將他兒子送去國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)。5 having done doing sth. regret to say/tell/inform.that 遺憾地說/告知 regret that . 遺憾 It is to be regretted that. 可惜的是，令人遺憾的是 with great/deep regret 很遺憾 to ones regret 讓某人感到遺憾的是(1)(2)后悔做了某事 regret

16、I have always regretted not having studied harder at school.我一直后悔在校期間沒能努力學(xué)習(xí)。 I regret to tell you that Mr. White has departed from the world for ever.我遺憾地告訴您懷特先生與世長(zhǎng)辭了。 We think， much to our regret， that we will not be able to visit you next year.讓我們深感遺憾的是，我們認(rèn)為明年不能去拜訪你了。reduce vt.減少；縮?。唤档?；使陷入某種更糟的狀態(tài)A

17、 healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. (教材P14)健康的土壤會(huì)減少病蟲害并且?guī)椭r(nóng)作物茁壯生長(zhǎng)。6reduce sth.to. 使變得reduce sth.by. 減少了be reduced to. 淪落為 They have to reduce expenses this year.他們今年必須削減開支。 She reduced her weight by 6 kilos/to 50 kilos.她的體重減輕了6公斤/減輕到50公斤。 The poor boy is reduced to

18、 begging. 那個(gè)可憐的孩子已淪為乞丐。 We can reduce his statement to three simple facts.我們可以將他的陳述歸納成三個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的事實(shí)。comment vi.& vt.表達(dá)意見；作出評(píng)論 n.C&U 評(píng)論；議論S with your partner and give each other comments.（教材P15）和你的伙伴交換摘要并互相評(píng)論。7（1）comment on sth./sb. 對(duì)某事/某人進(jìn)行評(píng)論 make comments/no comment on sth./sb. 對(duì)某事/某 人進(jìn)行評(píng)論/不進(jìn)行評(píng)論

19、No comment! 無可奉告!（2） The scandal caused a lot of comment. 這件丑聞遭到很多議論。 I dont feel I can comment on their decision. 我認(rèn)為我不能對(duì)他們的決定做出評(píng)論。 Could you make any comments on the recent developments?就最近的發(fā)展你能發(fā)表些意見嗎? “Will you resign, Minister?”“No comment!”“部長(zhǎng)，您是要辭職嗎?”“無可奉告!”thanks to 幸虧；由于；因?yàn)門hanks to his rese

20、arch， the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. （教材P10）多虧了他的研究，聯(lián)合國(guó)在消除世界饑餓的戰(zhàn)斗中又多了些方法。1because of owing to as a result ofdue to (不能放在句首)on account of由于；因?yàn)閷W(xué)生用書見P87 It was thanks to his advice that I succeeded.多虧了他的忠告我才得以成功。 Because of illness, the boy did not go to school.因?yàn)樯?，這個(gè)男

21、孩沒有去上學(xué)。 Owing to/Thanks to your timely help，we finished the work ahead of time.由于你及時(shí)的幫助，我們提前完成了工作。 As a result of the bad weather， the football match was put off.由于天氣不好，足球賽被推遲了。 The accident was due to his careless driving.事故是由于他的粗心駕駛造成的。 We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather.由于糟糕的天

22、氣，我們的出發(fā)被耽擱了。溫馨提示：owing to引導(dǎo)的短語必須是修飾全句的，嚴(yán)格地講，置于句末時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)用逗號(hào)和主句隔開；而because引導(dǎo)從句，放在句末時(shí)其前不加逗號(hào)。(1) rid sb./oneself/sth.of sth. 使擺脫(2) get rid of 處理掉；擺脫(3) be rid of 擺脫；去掉2rid.of 使擺脫；解除；免除 One day we will manage to rid the world of this terrible disease.總有一天我們有辦法使這種可怕的疾病在世界上絕跡。 It wont be long before we can be

23、/get rid of the pest altogether.不用太久，我們就能把這種害蟲消除干凈。 Could you rid yourself of the bad habit of smoking? =Could you get rid of the bad habit of smoking? 你能改掉抽煙這個(gè)壞習(xí)慣嗎？be satisfied with 對(duì)感到滿意Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. (教材P10)袁博士很滿意他的生活。3 be happy with be content with be satisfied to do 對(duì)

24、做感到滿意(2)(much) to ones satisfaction=to the satisfaction of sb. 使某人滿意的是(3)satisfy vt. 滿足,使?jié)M意(1) 對(duì)滿意 One shouldnt be satisfied with only a little success.一個(gè)人不應(yīng)該只因一點(diǎn)小成就就感到滿足。 Satisfied with what I said， mother agreed that I could go swimming with my classmates.因?yàn)閷?duì)我說的話感到滿意，母親同意我與同學(xué)一起去游泳。 We have arrange

25、d the matter to the satisfaction of all parties concerned.我們已把事情處理得使各方都感到滿意。lead to導(dǎo)致；造成(后果)；通向(to為介詞，該短語后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞)Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. （教材P14）這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)有些會(huì)引起癌癥或其他疾病。4 sb.to do sth. 使某人做某事 n.to sth. 引導(dǎo)到 /live a.life 過樣的生活 .into. 把領(lǐng)進(jìn) the way 引路；帶路lead The discover

26、y of new evidence led to the thiefs being caught.發(fā)現(xiàn)新證據(jù)使得小偷被抓住。 As we all know， all roads lead to Rome.眾所周知，條條大道通羅馬。 This has led scientists to think out other solutions to the problem.這就使得科學(xué)家不得不想其他解決問題的方法。 The receptionist led the way to the meeting room.接待員領(lǐng)路來到了會(huì)議室。 She led the children into the zo

27、o.她把孩子們帶進(jìn)動(dòng)物園。would rather do sth. 寧愿做某事He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. (教材P10)他寧愿把時(shí)間花在自己的愛好上。1學(xué)生用書見P88would rather寧愿，寧可，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，所有的人稱一律用would rather。否定式是在 would rather 后加 not/never。 would rather do sth. 寧愿做某事 would rather not/never do sth. 寧愿不做某事 would rather do sth.than do sth. =w

28、ould do sth.rather than do sth. =prefer to do sth.rather than do sth. 寧愿做某事而不去做某事 would rather have done 本想做（而實(shí)際上未做）（1）（2）would rather從句 過去時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?虛擬語氣)過去完成時(shí)，表示過去(虛擬語氣) He would rather die than give in to the enemy.他寧死也不向敵人屈服。 Rather than refuse to help you， I would borrow money from my friends.我寧

29、可向朋友借錢，也不愿拒絕幫助你。 Id rather not tell anybody about it.我不愿把這事告訴任何人。 Id rather you came tomorrow than today. 我希望你明天來而不是今天來。 I would rather (that) you hadnt done that thing yesterday.我寧愿你昨天沒做那件事。含有全體概念的代詞、形容詞和副詞+not，表示部分否定One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for hi

30、s people. (教材P10)一個(gè)夢(mèng)想總是不夠的，尤其是對(duì)一個(gè)熱愛和關(guān)心人民的人來說更是如此。2含有全體概念的代詞、形容詞和副詞，如all， both， every， everyone， everything， everybody， everywhere， necessarily， entirely， altogether， absolutely， whole， wholly， completely， always， often， quite等與not搭配使用時(shí)，表示部分否定，意為“并非都是；不是每個(gè)都是”等。 部分否定 全部否定 兩者both.not/not both.neither/n

31、ot.either三者或三者以上all.not/not all.not.any/none(沒有一個(gè))none/nobody(沒有人)nothing(沒有任何事物) 副詞not everywherenot quitenot completelynowherenot a bitnot at all Not all the ants go out for the food.=All ants dont go out for the food. (部分否定)并非所有的螞蟻都出外覓食。 Not both children are clever.=Both children are not clever.

32、 (部分否定)兩個(gè)孩子并不都聰明。 Not every man can do it. (部分否定)不是每個(gè)人都能做這件事。 Neither of you are kind. (全部否定)你們倆都不好。 Nobody can win me. (全部否定)沒有人能贏我。 Nothing went well with me. (全部否定)我事事都不順心。.品句填詞品句填詞（用所給詞的恰當(dāng)形式或根據(jù)語境寫一個(gè)合適的詞）1It seems clear that many people in Arab nations do share a universal hunger liberty. 【答案】【答案

33、】1.for2I choose teacher as my (occupy) because I really like the process of learning and teaching.【答案】【答案】2.occupation3No one likes (disturb), especially during their free time, because they hope to get away from work, trouble, and even noise. 【答案】【答案】 3.being disturbed4Some students believe that th

34、ey must read every text slowly and carefully, (underline) every unknown word and stopping to worry about it.【答案】【答案】4.underlining5Life is not all roses, but with what I (equip) with by the top teachers in this elite(精英) school, I surely deserve a promising prospect. 【答案】【答案】5.am (being) equipped學(xué)生用書

35、見P896An investigation was ordered after the (discover) that $89,000 was missing from the account.【答案】【答案】 6.discovery7She correctly points out that (bacterium) are everywhere: on us, in us and all around us.【答案】【答案】 7.bacteria8.In the age of internet, English shows the tendency to gain language hege

36、mony(霸權(quán)地位) while Chinese faces the threat of (reduce) to a “dialect”.【答案】【答案】 8.being reduced 9.Read the first and the last few pages of each chapter thoroughly, because they often (summary) the information.【答案】【答案】 9.summarize10.Walk around, get your blood (circulate), perhaps massage your neck and

37、 shoulders if you feel tension.【答案】【答案】10.circulating.單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)（含詞匯和本單元的語法）1.Those heavily equipped climbers struggled the strong wind and finally reached the top of the mountain.【答案】【答案】在struggled后加上against2.The headmaster was annoyed and said that he would rather you settled the problem in a friend

38、ly atmosphere yesterday.【答案】【答案】在settled前加上had 3.Get rid of smoking is a rather difficult task, which calls for determination and high standards of self-discipline.【答案】【答案】GetGetting 4.Your tomorrows are such bright as you want to make them. There is no reason to carry the darkness of the past with

39、you into today.【答案】【答案】suchas 5.With all the eyes focusing on him, the speaker felt slightly nervous.【答案】【答案】focusingfocused6.I happened to hear of he having been chosen to be the coach of the team.【答案】【答案】hehis/him 7.We regret to informing you that no trains will run today. Youd better change your

40、travel plan.【答案】【答案】informinginform8.The living room of this house is twice length of the bedroom, which suits the family pretty well.【答案】【答案】在length前加上the 9.The more expensive kind of antique shop where rare objects are beautifully displayed in glass cases to keep them freely from dust is usually a forbidding place.【答案【答案】freelyfree 10.Thank to these donations, the poorest of the poor are receiving the best-quality medicines on offer. 【答案】【答案】ThankThanks.課文語法填空課文語法填空