托福名詞(必須講)

1、A. 重要的可數(shù)名詞discovery, cloud, mineral, metal, material, substance, population, effort, effect, animal, plant, mammal, insect, tree, herb, shrub, element, function, feature, picture, result, clue, star, reason, audience, device, structure, human , human being, system, fashion, kind, resource, source, o

2、rigin, pioneer, automobile, purpose, style, response, number, amount, variety, quantity, typeB. 常見的不可數(shù)名詞poemjewela offurniture, luggage, clothing, equipment, poetry, jewelry, machinery, weaponry, scenery, information, knowledge, homework, evidence (that), foliage, advertising, healthC. 常見的不規(guī)則名詞be ba

3、sed on*tooth, foot 一定錯 a man teacher ; 2 men teachers man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, goose-geese, basis-bases, analysis-analyses, crisis-crises, axis-axes, hypothesis-hypotheses, alga-algae, lava-laver, fungus-fungi, stimulus-stimuli, datum- data, medium-media, bacterium-bacteria, spe

4、ctrum-spectra, mouse-mice, child-children = people , phenomenon-phenomenaD 常見的單復數(shù)同形的名詞aircraft, spacecraft 等 craft 結尾的詞 （an aircraft / ten aircraft） species, series,means(mean 不加 s 不是名詞 ) (a species / ten species )sheep, deer, trout（鱒魚） , carp（鯉魚） , salmon, fish-（two fish / a fish ）精選文庫1. 物質名詞不可數(shù)：wa

5、ter, coal, rain, steel, sunlight = U nouns( excessive rains: 過量的雨水； a heavy rain 一場大雨； the rains: 雨季)2. 抽象名詞不可數(shù)evidence證據(jù)不可數(shù)， intelligence 不可數(shù)，advice 建議皆不可數(shù)3. 學科不可數(shù)mathematics, economics, statistics, physics,politics, mechanics, genetics, geology, geography, chemistry, philosophy, biology, history,

6、ecology4. 疾病不可數(shù) : measles, mumps(腮腺炎 ) , diabetes(糖尿病 )5. 總稱不可數(shù) machinery； weaponry； citizenry魚類一般單復同形6. 單數(shù)復數(shù)意義有差異的名詞 （可以不講 ）sky-skies(氣候 ) water-waters(水系，永遠不錯 )good-goods(貨物 ) part-parts(才能 )custom=customs(海關 ) spectacle(風景 )-spectacles(眼鏡 )letter-letters(文人 ) arm-arms(武器 )force-forces (武裝力量 )7. 即

7、可數(shù)又不可數(shù)的名詞不可數(shù) 可數(shù)paper 紙 文件rock 碎巖 塊巖brick 磚料，磚塊-2精選文庫Stone: 石料，石頭sugar 砂糖 方糖work 作品；工作著作；工廠，工程，工事room 空間 房間time 時間 倍數(shù)，時代* art ：art 泛指藝術不可數(shù)一種藝術an art各種各樣的藝術artseighteen pieces of paper 十八張紙eighteen newspapers十八種報紙此類：強調種類就屬于可數(shù)二、名詞作定語的單復數(shù)問題a man teacher/ two men teachers(A) 名詞作主語， 即 noun.修飾 noun.,前面的名詞必

8、須是單數(shù)color effects, employment agencies, sentence forms, tree trunks（干）例外： a sales girl, a sales taxa greetings card, a sports cara savings bank, a communications satellitea systems engineering,surroundings, clothes(B)man 或 woman 修飾 noun.時，其單復數(shù)應該同時變 a woman boxer->women boxers, men teachers(C)表示某一

9、學科的教授、學生、教科書、實驗室.時，只能用學科名本身修飾-3精選文庫a mathematical professor 錯a mathematics professora biological textbook 錯 : a biology textbookthe chemical lab 錯a chemistry labthe highest science award 錯a mathematical model 對三、重要的 限定詞 : 用在名詞前面(A) many + 復數(shù) men, people, books much + 不可數(shù) n time, water看見 many 去找復數(shù)名詞W

10、e have asmany students as 26.You can take as manystudents as you like.as much as50 percent of the money不可數(shù)不可數(shù)many 和 much 可為代詞many of., much of., .by many(B)some, any 后跟單/復數(shù) , 不可數(shù) /可數(shù) 均可some object 某一物體some objects 一些物體some money 一些錢some time也可作代詞： some of., any of.(C)few/a few, little/a little-4精選文庫

11、few students / a few studentsa little English, little water+可數(shù) +不可數(shù)few+復數(shù)(D)every/each + 單可each major styles 錯each ten boys 對every four years 對(E)數(shù)詞 /several + 復數(shù)five aircraft 對several setting 錯(F)one of/among + 復數(shù)* be considered (to be) +noun./adj. be regarded asbe viewed as (G)first/only/single +

12、單/復均可the first school 第一所學校the first schools 第一批學校a single + 單可 = onea single student = one studentno single + 復可(H)hundred, thousand, million, billion-5精選文庫five hundred boys, hundreds ofboys, hundred million boys thousands ofstudents,millions of(I)another + 單可another personother + 復名 (純粹的 other)oth

13、er personsany other+ 單可例外： other part .(part 永遠對 )(J) a number of + 復 noun. + 復 Verb the number of + 復 noun. + 單 verbA number of studentsare interested in sports.The number of the studentsis 26.限定詞：(1)Many, a number of, a large number of, a great many, few, a few, A great many people / students(2) Mu