外研版英語必修1第一單元完美講義

1、啟航書院 高中英語必修一 第一單元知識點歸納外研版英語必修一第一單元第一部分詞匯短語過關(guān)1. _ adj. 熱心的， 熱情的enthusiasm n. 熱心；熱情2. _ adj. 令人驚異的 _ v. 使吃驚 _ adj. 感到吃驚的 amazement n. 驚愕， 驚異3. _ n. 信息 inform vt. 通知， 告知4. _ n. 指示， 用法說明 instruct v. 教導(dǎo)， 命令， 指示5. _ adj. 令人厭煩的 _ adj. (對某人/事物)厭倦的， 煩悶的 _ vt. 使厭煩6. _ adj. 尷尬的， 難堪的 _ v. 使困窘， 使局促不安 _ adj. 令人為難

2、的 embarrassment n. 窘迫；為難7. _ n. 行為， 舉止behave v. 舉動， 舉止8. _ n. 描述；形容；描寫 describe vt. 描寫， 記述9. _ vt. 使(人)印象深刻；使銘記 _ n. 印象， 感想 impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的10. _ n糾正， 改正correct adj.正確的 _ v改正， 糾正， 批改11. _ v. 鼓勵， 激勵 _ adj. 鼓舞人心的 _ adj. 受到鼓舞的， 更有信心的 encouragement n. 鼓勵， 獎勵12enjoyment n. 享受， 樂趣 _ v. 享受， 喜歡 _ adj

3、. 令人愉快的， 有樂趣的13fluency n. 流利， 流暢 _ adj. 流利的， 流暢的14. _ adj. 失望的 _ adj. 使人失望的， 令人失望的 disappoint vt. 使失望 _ n. 失望15. _ n. 助手， 助理 assist v幫助短語檢測91與相似2某人對(做)某事的態(tài)度3離遠(yuǎn)， 遠(yuǎn)非 4一點不像， 與完全不同5玩得很開心6起初， 一開始7換句話說8期待；盼望9對印象深刻10在開始的時候11在結(jié)束的時候12被(劃)分成13參加14課外活動第二部分 語法精講一.because,since,as,for,because of的區(qū)別（語氣由強(qiáng)到弱）(1) be

4、cause 表示的原因是必然的因果關(guān)系，語氣最強(qiáng)，通常放在主句之后，有時也放在主句之前。(2) 回答why 提出的問題，只能用because, 不能用其余三者。如：A：Why cant I go?我為什么不能去？B：Because you are too young. 因為你太年輕了。(3) because 引導(dǎo)的從句可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句，其余三者不能。哪：Its because he is kind that we like him.是因為他對人友好，我們才喜歡他。(4) because 從句可用表語，其余三者不能。如：This is because the earth is travelling

5、round the sun.這是因為地球在圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。(5) not because 這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的not 有時否定主句，有時否定從句，一般應(yīng)根據(jù)句子的意思作出正確的(合邏輯的)理解。若 not 否定主句，最好在because 之前用逗號，否則容易引起歧義：I didnt go because I was afraid.1) 我沒有去是因為我怕。2) 我不因為怕才去。不過若because 之前有just 修飾，一般認(rèn)為not 只能否定從句。如：You shouldnt get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 不要因為有些人說你的壞

6、話而生氣。(6) 表示“的原因是因為”這一意義時，一般要用The reason whyis that。如：The reason why he cannot come is that he is ill. 他不能來的原因是(因為)他病了。注：在閱讀中有時也可見到The reason why.is because.這樣的說法，但比較少見。2. 關(guān)于since 和 as(1) since和as表示的原因是人們所知的，是對已知事實提供理由，而不表示直接原因。since比as語氣稍強(qiáng)，且比as略為正式，兩者通常都放在主句之前，有時也放在主句之后。如：Since you feel tired, you s

7、hould rest. 既然你感到累了，你應(yīng)該休息。As he was not will, I decided to go without him. 因為你身體不好，我決定獨自去。(2) since 可用于省略句，而其它三者不能。如：Since so, there is no more to be said. 既然如此，就再沒有什么好說的了(3) since “因為,既然” 側(cè)重主句，主句表示顯然的或已知的理由。強(qiáng)調(diào)說話者和聽者雙方都知道的原因，常譯為“既然”，一般用在這樣的句子里。例如：Since we've got a few minutes to wait for the tra

8、in, let's have a cup of coffee.(4) as 是從屬連詞，說明一般的因果關(guān)系，語氣比because弱，說明比較明顯的原因，它引導(dǎo)的從句通常放在句首，有時也可放在句末。例如：As it is raining, you'd better take a taxi.天下雨了，你最好乘出租車。3. 關(guān)于for(1) for是并列連詞(其作三者為從屬連詞)，它有時可表示因果關(guān)系(只能放在主句之后，且可與because換用)，有時不表示因果關(guān)系，而是對前面分句的內(nèi)容加以解釋或推斷(也只能放在主句之后，但不能與because換用)。如：The ground is

9、wet, for (或because) it rained last night. 地面是濕的，因為昨晚下過雨。It rained last night, for (不能用because) the ground is wet this morning. 昨晚下過雨，(你看)今天早上地面都是濕的。(2) for “因為,由于”表明附加或推斷的理由，引導(dǎo)的分句前常有逗號。for分句不放句首.是用來附帶解釋或說明前一分句的原因和理由。例如：Day breaks, for the cock crows.It must have rained last night, for the ground is

10、wet.I won't go in, for my father is there.（5）because of是介詞短語，在句子作狀語，后面只能跟名詞，代詞，或者what引導(dǎo)的從句。Because of my bad leg ,I couldnt walk so fast as the others.由于我的腿壞了我不能像其他人走得那么快。置于句首做狀語但用逗號與其他部分分開Because of his wifes being there, I said nothing about it.因為他妻子在場我對此事只字未提。(接-ing分詞）He realized that she was

11、 crying because of what he had said.他意識到她在哭是因為他說的那些話。(接what從句)練習(xí)：用because,since,as,for,because of填空1. Why do you like the teacher?-_he is kind and enthusiastic.2. It was _ his mother was ill that he came to school late this morning.3. _it is hot,lets go swimming4. Parents should take seriously their

12、 children requests for sunglasses_eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.5. _ he cant answer the question,youd better ask someone else.6. He realized that the teacher was angry _what he had said.7. _I havent seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it.8. The days are short,for _it is now

13、 December.改錯1. They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.2. Because the help you gave me that summer, my life changed.二.be similar to:與.相似The weather of Beijing is similar to that of New York北京的天氣與紐約的天氣很相似Be different from與.不同。Their tastes are different from m

14、ine他們的愛好與我的不同。（1） Your views on education are similar _mine. A in B to C from D with(2) I saw no difference in Paris. Its just like our Shanghai. A similar B likely C like D samebe similar in在.方面相似 The two house are similar in size.翻譯：（1） 她在很多方面與她媽媽相似（2） 他的外套和你的相似。三.ed形容詞和ing形容詞的用法區(qū)別傳統(tǒng)的觀點許多參考書認(rèn)為：-in

15、g形容詞與表示事物的名詞連用，-ed形容詞與表示人的名詞連用。此說法在很多情況下是可行的，但表述欠準(zhǔn)確，在許多情況下卻是不可靠的。如-ing 形容詞用于人的情況就比比皆是：假若你的老師說話幽默、講課生動，那么不僅他的課非常interesting，而且你會說他是一個 interesting man(有趣的人)。比較： Im interested in interesting people. 我對有趣的人感興趣。 He was worried about his worrying son. 他為他令人擔(dān)憂的兒子感到擔(dān)憂。 He was annoyed with the annoying perso

16、n. 他對這個討厭的人很生氣。 另一方面，-ed 形容詞用于指物的情況也不少見。比較并體會： a frightened look 害怕的表情(指帶有這種“表情”的人感到害怕) a frightening look 嚇人的表情(指這種“表情”令人害怕) an excited talk 心情激動的談話(指“談話”的人心情激動) an exciting talk 令人激動的談話(指聽“談話”的人心情激動) 由于傳統(tǒng)的觀點說得太絕對，有時做起題來還可能會因此掉入命題人的陷阱_ do you think of your English teacher? Is he _？A. What, interest

17、ing      B. What, interestedC. How, interesting          D. How, interested 正確的觀點關(guān)于-ing形容詞與-ed形容詞的區(qū)別，比較準(zhǔn)確的表述應(yīng)該是：1. 以后綴 ed結(jié)尾的形容詞(如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于說明人

18、，不用于說明事物，即使它們所修飾的名詞是事物，那它們指的也是與該事物相關(guān)的人。如：He had a pleased smile on his face. 他臉上露出了滿意的微笑。He told me the news in a very excited voice. 他聲音很激動地告訴了我這個消息。第一句中的a pleased smile 意為“滿意的微笑”，它指的是某人因感到滿意發(fā)出的微笑；第二句中的 a very excited voice 指的是“很激動的聲音”，即指的是某人因很激動而發(fā)生那樣的聲音。原則上，-ed 形容詞通常直接用于說明人，若修飾事物，則多為 air(神態(tài)), appe

19、arance(外貌), cry(哭聲), face(表情), voice(聲音), mood(情緒)<'Times New Roman'">), mood(等顯示某人的情感狀況的名詞。2. 以后綴 -ing 結(jié)尾的形容詞(如delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用于說明事物，表示事物的性質(zhì)或特征，若用它們說明人，則表示此人具有此性質(zhì)或特征。如：The story is very interesting. 這個故事很有趣。The man

20、 is very interesting. 這個人很有趣。請再比較并體會以下句子：He is frightened. 他很害怕。He is frightening. 他很嚇人。He has a frightened look on his face. 他臉上帶有驚恐的神情。He has a frightening look on his face. 他臉上帶有嚇人的神情。I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他臉上露出一種感興趣的表情。 I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他

21、臉上露出一種有趣的表情。 學(xué)練結(jié)合請做做以下試題，看你是否能克服原來的思維定勢，能否跳出命題人的陷阱：1. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. A. worried          B. to worried     C. worrying      

22、;        D. worry2. The little boy isnt getting on well in maths and worse still, he is even unwilling to go to school. With her son _, she feels very _. A. disappointing;worrying            B. disappointing;wo

23、rried C. disappointed;worried               D. disappointed;worrying3. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home,  _. A. safe but tired          B. safely b

24、ut tired   C. safe and tiring   D. safely and tiring4. As we all know, typing is a _ job to a _ heart. A. tired; tired            B. tired; tiring   C. tiring; tired        &#

25、160;   D. tiring; tiring5. Poor boy! His_ looks and _hands suggested he was very afraid.A. frightful; trembling                  B. frightened; trembling     C. frightening; trembled

26、60;              D. frightened; trembly 說明主語因而產(chǎn)生的情緒反應(yīng)，從而影響到人的身體部位trembling。  ed形式及常見短語與 ing形式形容詞歸納excited (be d about)   / excitingsurprised (be d at) /surprisingamazed (be d at)  /amazingembarrassed(be ed in) /emba

27、rrassingencouraged(be ed at / by)  / encouragingfrustrated (be d of)  / frustratinginterested (be ed in) / interestingthrilled (be ed at) / thrillingterrified (be terrified at/ of / with)  / terrifyingpleased (be d with)  / pleasing, = pleasantsatisfied(be satisfied with) / satis

28、fyingfrightened (be ed at / of )  / frighteningtired (be d of)  / tiring bored (be d with)  / boringrelaxed (無固定搭配)  / relaxingfascinated (be d by)  / fascinatingannoyed (be ed with)  / annoyingmoved (be d by)  / movingworried (be worried about)  /  worry

29、ingconfused (be confused about)  / confusing練習(xí)：一 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的-ed形式或-ing形式填空1. The children were _after the trip. （tire） 2. The trip was_. （tire）3. The _children went to bed early after the trip. （tire）4. The _trip lasted a whole day. （tire）5. The trip made the children_. （tire）6. The bad weather m

30、ade the trip_. （tire）7. Toms parents are _ at his _ results of the exams（disappoint）8. _and angry, he left the meeting-room. （disappoint）9. It is _that he didnt pass the examination（disappoint）10. When hearing the_ news that Michael Jackson passed away, they were_to look at each other. （surprise）11.

31、 He was _ about his _ son. （worry）12. I'm not _with his interpretation of this sentence. （satisfy）13. He was _with the _person. （annoy）14. A police car appeared on the road, the thief had a_ look on his face. （frighten）15. The situation here is _and we are_. （encourage）二   鞏固練習(xí)：1. The

32、wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front _to arrive.（2008·全國卷I）A. is expected       B. is expecting              C. expects      D. will be expected2. Do you know if Terry w

33、ill go camping this weekend? (2008·上海高考)  Terry? Never! He _ tents and fresh air!A. has hated    B. hated     C. will hate     D. hates3. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it. (2008

34、·山東高考) A. walks    B. walked   C. has walked   D. had walked4. So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (2008·福建高考) A. saw           B. see    

35、;    C. had seen      D. have seen5. Some of the people who _ to the party cant come now. (2008· 煙臺模擬) A. had been invited   B. have been invited   C. are invited  D. invited6. Laws that punish parents for their little childr

36、ens actions against the laws get parents _.   A. worried          B. to worried     C. worrying           D. worry7. The little boy isnt getting on well in maths and wors

37、e still, he is even unwilling to go to school. With her son _, she feels very _. A. disappointing; worrying  B. disappointing; worried C. disappointed; worried      D. disappointed; worrying8. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home,&

38、#160; _. A. safe but tired          B. safely but tired   C. safe and tiring   D. safely and tiring9. As we all know, typing is a _ job to a _ heart. A. tired; tired           B. t

39、ired; tiring   C. tiring; tired            D. tiring; tiring10. Poor boy! His_ looks and _hands suggested he was very afraid.A. frightful; trembling              

40、60;  B. frightened; trembling    C. frightening; trembled             D. frightened; trembly 11._ do you think of your English teacher? Is he _？A. What, interesting       

41、0;B. What, interested  C. How, interesting            D. How, interested 四.倍數(shù)的三種表達(dá)法：1. Americans eat _ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. A. more than twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many as D. more than twice as ma

42、ny 2. Paper produced every year is _ the world's production of vehicles. A. the three weight of B. three times the weight of C. as three times heavy as D. three times as heavier as 3. With the help of the German experts， the factory produced _ cars in 1993 as the year before. A. as twice many B.

43、 as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as 4. This ship measures _ that one. A. as twice as long B. as twice long as C. twice long as D. twice as long as 5. After the new technique was introduced， the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many as C. as

44、twice as many D. twice as many 五impress v.使印象深刻(1)impression n. 印象；感想impressive adj. 給人留下深刻印象的(2) impress sb. with sth. 某物給某人留下印象be impressed by/with 對印象深刻例He impressed me with his wisdom=I was impressed with /by his wisdom他的智慧給我留下了深刻的印象。(3) impress sth. on/upon sb.使某人意識到重要性Her talent impressed itse

45、lf on my mind她的才華在我心里印象深刻(4)make an good/bad impression on sb.給某人留下印象練習(xí)1. The headmaster _a very good impression on the parents at the meeting A got B took C made D did2. She impressed everyone_her beauty. A by B with C on D in3. 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空（1） The child impressed us_clever（2） The people present were a

46、ll impressed _his sense of humor（3） The old mans word were deeply impressed _my memory用impress或其短語的正確形式填空(1) When I asked Mike what impressed him most about the hostess, he told me he was deeply _the hostess enthusiasm. I agreed that the hostess enthusiasm was really _ and it made a great _ me too.

47、(2) I _Peter the importance of the meeting. 6. look forward to dong sth期盼著做某事。look back (on/to sth.) 回想， 記起 look on 旁觀look out (for sb./sth.)小心， 當(dāng)心， 留心(某人或某物)look _through_ sth. 仔細(xì)檢查， 快速閱讀(某物)look sth. up 查閱， 向上看look up to sb. 贊賞/尊敬某人look down on/upon 輕視， 看不起look _into_ 調(diào)查Every child is looking forw

48、ard to the Spring Festival. 每一個孩子都期盼著過年We are looking forward to seeing each other soon. 我們期盼著盡快看到彼此The day I have been looking forward to _soon A will come B come c came D comingThe day we had been looking forward to _ at last. Acome Bhad come Ccame Dcoming根據(jù)語境用look短語填空(1)She _ her notes before the

49、 exam. (2) _Theres a car coming. (3)A working party has been set up to _the problem. (4)Can you _the time of the next train?七.that ,it, one , ones, the one 與the ones(those)的區(qū)別（1）. it 1) 代替上文提到的名詞，指代同一事物(同名同物)，不能帶修飾語： -Do you want the magazine? -Yes，I want it. I don't want to drink the teaIt is t

50、oo hot 2) it用作人稱代詞時，可指已知的或暗含的事實或情況，或用作形式主語/賓語，也可替代性別不明的嬰兒。Once the supermarket closes, it will mean that 200 workers will be laid off.No, she was not at home last night. What about it?It would be a pity to miss it.It is not worth getting upset.It's probable that we'll be a little late.I find

51、 it difficult to talk to you about anything serious.She thought it a waste of time arguing with him.George made it dear that he disagreed. 2. one 1）代替上文中出現(xiàn)過的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表泛指（同類但不是同一）前面可以有冠詞或形容詞， 也可以有this或that或another，但前不能有物主代詞：I have 1ost my penIm going to buy one. This pen doesnt work. I must buy another

52、 one.I prefer this one to that one.比較：Im looking for a flat. Id like a small one with a garden.Im looking for a flat. Id like one with a garden.（不能說：. a one with a garden.）2）one作為不定人稱代詞, 可泛指“任何一個人”，有one's 和oneself形式。多用于正式文體，口語中也可用he/his代替第二個one/one's.One has to take care of oneself and one&#

53、39;s family if he can. One shouldn't hesitate to correct his/one's mistakes.If one wants to see the ruins, he must find his own guide. (如果一個人想看那廢墟, 他必須找自己的向?qū)А?One of the girl students hasn't handed in _ composition.A. one's B. his C. their D. her 3ones是one的復(fù)數(shù)形式，常用來代替復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表泛指，前面不用物主

54、代詞修飾，也不用these或those來直接修飾，除非ones前面有形容詞： I have a new coat and several old ones. These yellow waistcoats are so small. I want those green ones. 4 the one替代表特指的單數(shù)名詞：Here are six rings. Pick out the one you like best. Hand me my coat. It's the one hanging on the wall.Your dictionary is more useful t

55、han the one my uncle gave me.5 the ones替代表特指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞：Dont buy the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones. Id like to try on those shoes，the ones at the front of the window.Are they the ones who moved here recently? 6that用來代替上下文中的名詞，它表示與前面同類不同一的東西。that既可代替不可數(shù)名詞，又可代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其后總有后置定語，一般不指人：1) Life in the c

56、ountryside seems more exciting than that in town.I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than that in the city.2) 指代可數(shù)名詞時，that相當(dāng)于the one My room is better than that/the one next door.3) 若后置定語為 of 引起的介詞短語，則通常用 that。The price of wheat is higher than that of rice. The po

57、pulation of China is larger than that of Japan. 7those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式，可用來替代可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示特指;有時the ones和those可互換使用，常有后置定語： The students in our class work harder than those in their class. The book is more difficult than those we have read before. Students who do well in examinations are those the ones who l

58、ike to ask questions in class. 觀察并分析下列句子中的one/ones:1 Im reading a new book these days , _ in English.A. it B. that C. one D. which2 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _ I will always treasure. (02全國 35) A. that B. one C. it D. what 3. My most famous relative of all, _ who really left his mark on America, was Reb Sussel, my great-grandfather. (06江蘇 22) A. one B. the one C. he D. someone比較：1 Can you lend me a pen?Sorry. I havent got one.Can I borrow your pen?Sorry， Im using it. 2 My uncle bought me a dictionary and I like it very much.Your d