中國城市化過程中生態(tài)環(huán)境研究的文獻計量分析_英文_

1、Sept., 2014Journal of Resources and EcologyVol.5 No.3ArticleJ. Resour. Ecol. 2014 5 (3) 211-221 DOI:10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2014.03.003A Bibliometric Analysis of Chinese Ecological and Environmental Research on UrbanizationLI Jun*, DONG Suocheng, LI Zehong, WAN Yongkun, MAO Qiliang, HUANG Yongbing

2、and WANG FeiInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, ChinaAbstract: Based on an urbanization research database, a bibliometric analysis of Chinese ecological environmental research on urbanization was conducted that examined output, focused fields, topics

3、, theories and methods. Results show that research output in this field has been increasing since 2005. Land and industry fields in resource research, economics in ecological research, and climate and urban environments in environmental research have been studied from 19922011. Keywords analysis dis

4、covered that “Land Use” and “Heat Island Effect” were major keywords, making up 0.15% and 0.09% of the total frequency, respectively. “Heat Island Effect” and “Climate Change” were the most recent popular keywords. Main theories were derived from ecology, mathematics, resource environmental economic

5、s and environmental science. Ecological footprint has been a core theory since 2002. The stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence and technology model (STIRPAT), Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), and slope, land use map, excluded area, urban area, transportation map and hillside ar

6、ea model (SLEUTH) are the latest popular theories. During 19922011, the main research methods can be divided into four groups: statistics (65.17%), systems (13.11%), mechanisms (11.79%) and evaluation (9.93%). Grey System Analysis from system methods and rescaled range (R/S) analysis from evaluation

7、 are the latest popular methods. Topics from macro subfields, including land use, heat island effects, water resources and the agricultural ecological environment received more attention than micro subfields such as urban environmental health problems. As urbanization problems evolve, resource envir

8、onmental economic comprehensive models will advance with modeling progress and some models, such as STIRPAT and land use change simulation models, will be developed for evaluation and simulation of the ecological environmental impacts of Chinese urbanization.Key words: bibliometrics; ecological envi

9、ronment; urbanization; research focus; keyword analysis1 IntroductionThe Chinese rate of urbanization was 26.41% in 1990, and reached 51.27% in 2011, with an average growth rate of 1.18% per year. During this fast urbanization process, increasing attention has been paid to urban ecological environme

10、ntal research. For example, Shi and Chen (1996) pointed out that during Chinas urbanization, research on the urban ecological environment is one of the strongest ways of solving sustainable development problems. In their review, Huang (2001) held that the increasing speed of urbanization was a funda

11、mental reason for constructing ecological cities. Xu et al. (2007) summarized dynamic mechanisms and simulation modeling of land use change during rapid urbanization and Peng et al. (2005) explored retrospectiveintensity calculation, formation mechanisms and the spatial distribution of heat island e

12、ffects in urbanization regions. Su et al. (2011) summarized urban green space research and evaluated research on six kinds of ecological environmental effects related to urban green spaces. Li et al. (2007) provided an overview of the relationship between oasis urbanization and the ecological enviro

13、nment, including research perspectives, topics and methods. Qiao et al. (2005) reviewed the main theories around coupling mechanisms between urbanization and the ecological environment in arid regions. Li et al. (2008) summarized the evolution of rural human settlement topics in environmental resear

14、ch during urbanization. Other reviews across the field have also been done (see Ji et al. 2009; Kang et al. 2011; Li et al. 2009; Li et al. 2012; and Liu et al. 2011).Received: 2013-12-05 Accepted: 2014-05-20Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China (41271556; 41101117).* Correspondin

15、g author: LI Jun. Email:212Journal of Resources and Ecology Vol.5 No.3, 2014A summary of the entire ecological environment research sphere as it relates to urbanization remains rare. Zhang et al. (2010) divided ecological environmental research into three main topics: urbanization, urba

16、n ecological environment, and urbanization and ecological environment responses. Liu et al. (2005) discussed perspectives and topics in Chinese and international ecological environmental research according to different disciplines. Given that research on urban ecological environments spans many deta

17、iled fields, a system wide review requires a broad scientific background.Bibliometric analysis based on database is one way of accomplishing this work. Bibliometrics refers to visual and quantitative analytics used to summarize results and trends in selected research fields. For example, Xu et al. (

18、2003) collected papers from international geography journals published between 19802000 and summarized Chinese urbanization research, urban spatial structure, regional urbanization, urban system, new foci and methods. Liu (2011) generalized dynamics and features of Chinese urban geographical researc

19、h from papers outputs, types, methods, topics of research and author location based on 523 papers from Acta Geographica Sinica, Scientia Geographica Sinica and Geographical Research until 2009. Based on the SCI and SSCI databases, Wang et al. (2011) analyzed scientific outputs, subject categories an

20、d major journals, international collaboration, geographic distribution, and temporal trends in keyword usage across urbanization studies.Inspired by these applications, here we applied biblio- metric analysis on outputs, focused subfields, topics, theories and methods across urbanization research in

21、 order to help researchers grasp the current situation and future trends in urban ecological environmental research during Chinas rapid and continued urbanization.3 Results3.1 OutputResearch on resource use and environmental science had increased as a proportion of Chinese papers on urbanization fro

22、m 1.8% in 1992 to 6.3% in 2011, divided into threestages (19921995, around 1.8%; 19962004, fluctuationaround 3.5%; 20052011, steady rise from 2.9% to 6.3%) (Fig. 1). Further, the ratio of added papers on resource use and environmental science to added papers on urbanization was generally higher than

23、 the ratio of papers on resource use and environment science to papers on urbanization for each year since 2005. This pattern indicated that the increase in Chinese papers on resource use and environmental science in urbanization research was greater than the average increase in Chinese papers on ur

24、banization.3.2 Focused subfieldsAll 24,528 papers came from 1345 journals and to some extent journal title displayed its focused field (Wang et al. 2011). By extracting journals titled with “resources”, “ecology” or “environment”, detailed subfields in resources, ecology and environment in urbanizat

25、ion research were further explored.Three basic clusters were noticeable in the total citation count (TC) descending order (Table 1). Journals titled with “resource” gained the highest TC, followed by ecological and environment related journals. In detail, “resource” journal cluster covered national

26、land, industry, agriculture, water, forestry and resource exploitation and protection, in descending TC order; the “ecology” journal cluster included2 Data and methodsNo.of papersEstablishment of a document database is the first step in bibliometric analysis. The China National Knowledge Infrastruct

27、ure (CNKI) is regarded as the most frequently used and robust Chinese database for bibliometric studies (Wu and Chen 2012). We built our bibliometric database by searching papers on urbanization in the CNKI. The time range was set from “1992” to “2011”. The topic item was filled with the term “urban

28、ization”; this searching strategy allowed us to locate publications that contain “urbanization” in their titles, abstracts and/or keywords. Our bibliographic search resulted in 24 528 urbanization-related papers. We then extracted information about individual publications,400035003000250020001500100

29、05001992199419961998200020022004200620082010040%30%20%10%0-10%-20%-30%Paper type 1Paper type 2Ration 1(%)Ration 2(%)including author name and affiliation, subject category, journal title, publication year, keywords and citation frequency. Finally, Excel VBA was employed to select items related to ec

30、ological environment and urbanization to reveal temporal evolution of outputs, subfields, topics, theories and methods. A resource subfield was used within each selection.Fig.1 The number and ratio of Chinese papers on ecologicalenvironment and urbanization from 19922011.Note: paper type 1, papers o

31、n resource use and environment science; paper type 2, urbanization except paper type 1; ratio 1, ratio of papers on resource use and environmental science to papers on urbanization; and ratio 2, ratio of added papers on resource use and environmental science to added papers on urbanization by year.D

32、ata source: paper database on urbanization in The China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from 19922011.LI Jun, et al.: A Bibliometric Analysis of Chinese Ecological and Environmental Research on Urbanization213Table 1 Main professional magzaines on resources, ecology and the environment.Jour

33、nal titleTotal urbanizationTotal citation of papersurbanization papersAverage citation of urbanization paperJournal of Natural Resources93331135.60China Population Resources and Environment222301913.60Acta Ecologica Sinica113258422.87Resources Science130246318.95Resources and Environment in the Yang

34、tze Basin137230316.81Climatic and Environmental Research2190743.19Urban Environment & Urban Ecology2382535.87Ecological Economy1427595.35Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment1277545.94Chinese Journal of Ecology5266512.79Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology3847512.50Environmental Protectio

35、n1073733.49Ecology and Environment2033816.90Research of Environmental Sciences1125423.09Environmental Science1125022.73Natural Resource Economics of China262338.96Shanghai Environmental Sciences1117315.73China Environmental Science1517311.53Acta Phytoecologica Sinica515731.40Environmental Science &a

36、mp; Technology231476.39Agro-Environmental Protection213969.50Environmental Pollution & Control171267.41Chongqing Environmental Science141188.43Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae14896.36Resources & Industries38872.29Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment29862.97Rural Eco-Environment58517.00Chine

37、se Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning13846.46Territory & Natural Resources Study51811.59Journal of Agro-Environment Science9637.00Marine Environmental Science6518.50Progress in Environment Science5336.60Journal of Environment and Health10323.20Environmental Chemistry5316.20C

38、hinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture6294.83Water Resources Protection5265.20Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment5265.20Earth and Environment5224.40Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering11717.00Journal of Safety and Environment3113.67Environmental Monitoring In China7101.43Journal of Environme

39、ntal & Occupational Medicine393.00Journal of Natural Resources155.00Forest Resources Management331.00Journal of Hydroecology331.00Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering200.00Resource Development & Market100.00Journal of Environmental Hygiene100.00214Journal of Resources and Ecology Vol

40、.5 No.3, 2014Journal titleTotal urbanizationTotal citation of papersurbanization papersAverage citation of urbanization paperAgro-Environmental Protection213969.50Climatic and Environmental Research2190743.19Urban Environment & Urban Ecology2382535.87Journal of Natural Resources93331135.60Acta P

41、hytoecologica Sinica515731.40Research of Environmental Sciences1125423.09Acta Ecologica Sinica113258422.87Environmental Science1125022.73Resources Science130246318.95Rural Eco-Environment58517.00Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering11717.00Ecology and Environment2033816.90Resources and Enviro

42、nment in the Yangtze Basin137230316.81Shanghai Environmental Sciences1117315.73China Population Resources and Environment222301913.60Chinese Journal of Ecology5266512.79Chinese Journal of Applied3847512.50China Environmental Science1517311.53Natural Resource Economics of China262338.96Marine Environ

43、mental Science6518.50Chongqing Environmental Science141188.43Environmental Pollution & Control171267.41Journal of Agro-Environment Science9637.00Progress in Environment Science5336.60Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning13846.46Environmental Science & Technology2314

44、76.39Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae14896.36Environmental Chemistry5316.20Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment1277545.94Ecological Economy1427595.35Water Resources Protection5265.20Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment5265.20Journal of Natural Resources155.00Chinese Journal of Eco-Agricul

45、ture6294.83Earth and Environment5224.40Journal of Safety and Environment3113.67Environmental Protection1073733.49Journal of Environment and Health10323.20Journal of Environmental & Occupational Medicine393.00Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment29862.97Resources & Industries38872.29Territ

46、ory & Natural Resources Study51811.59Environmental Monitoring In China7101.43Forest Resources Management331.00Journal of Hydroecology331.00Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering200.00Resource Development & Market100.00Journal of Environmental Hygiene100.00Data source: magzaine table se

47、lected from paper database on urbanization in The China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from 19922011.LI Jun, et al.: A Bibliometric Analysis of Chinese Ecological and Environmental Research on Urbanization215economics, plants, rural, agriculture and water ecology; and the “environment” jou

48、rnal cluster involved climate, urban environment, agriculture, rural, pollution, marine, health, chemistry, technique, security, monitoring, medicine and medical hygiene. Generally, economic urbanization as an aspect of urbanization, land and industry fields in resource research and economics in eco

49、logy research have been carefully studied from 19922011. Regarding environment research, macro subfields, such as climate and urban environment seemed to gain more attention than micro subfields, represented by environmental health and security, during 19922011. Agriculture as the basis of Chinese u

50、rbanization has been a subfield in all resource, environment and ecology research from 19922011.The average citation count (ATC) descending order indicated that journals on special fields in environmental research came first, followed by journals on general fields in resource, ecology and environmen

51、t science, environment engineering and technique and environment health (similar to the corresponding TC descending order). In detail, “Agro- Environmental Protection”, “Climatic and EnvironmentalResearch”, and “Urban Environment and Urban Ecology” were the top three journals in ATC descending order

52、. By checking the number of their papers (“Agro-Environmental Protection”, 2; “Climatic and Environmental Research”, 21; “Urban Environment & Urban Ecology”, 23), it was clear that a lack of papers on agriculture environment meant these few papers gained high citations. Generally, journals focus

53、ed on special subfields in environmental research positioned higher in the ATC descending order than TC, reflecting the value of a special environmental subfield research. As concern about citizen health during Chinese urbanization grows, further research on environmental health is expected to be va

54、luable.3.3 Topic evolutionA total of 39 749 keywords were extracted from the Chinese urbanization article database. Further extraction of these 39 749 words was conducted to obtain keywords referring to resource, ecology or environment for topic evolution analysis.Table 2 shows the top 10 keywords r

55、elated to resource,Table 2 Top10 keyword evolution.199220112007201120022006KeywordFrequency/Rate (%)KeywordFrequency/Rate (%)KeywordFrequency/ Rate (%)Land Resource197(0.15) Land Resource90(0.14) Land Resource62(0.15) Ecological Environment 170(0.13) Heat Island Effect86(0.13) Ecological Environment57(0.14) Heat Island Effect122(0.09) Ecological Environment 84(0.13) Land Expropriation46(0.11) Land Expropriation113(0.08) Climate Change75(0.12) Land System28(0.07)Land Circulation100(0.07) Land Circulatio